Name: modification and application of a leaf blower-vac for field sampling of arthropods
Uploaded: 2016-08-10T15:00:00
Duration: 9 min 43 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Modification and Application of a Leaf Blower-vac for Field Sampling of Arthropods at JoVE.com

The investigations were financially supported by the Division for Earth and Life Sciences of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (grant 833.13.004), the Sci-Tech Landing Projection of Higher Education of Jiangxi Province (KJLD14030) and The Cultivation Plan for Young Scientists of Jiangxi Province (Jinggang star 20153BCB23014). We thank Daomeng Fu, Zhigang Li and Xiaolong Huang for their help in producing the movie.

1.吹叶机，真空吸式采样的修改<ol><li>收集的材料清单列出的所有部件。 </li><li>连接所有的聚氯乙烯（PVC）管道用未增塑聚氯乙烯（PVC-U）胶（管道1-2-3-4-5和6-7）。 </li><li>钻被周围的机器的吸嘴均匀分布的三个孔。 </li><li>通过插入一个螺丝到各三个孔的设备连接到PVC管1-5的结束1。不要用胶水管端1连接到本机，因为连接应该是可逆的对风扇进行清理。 注意：如果在机器的吸入口的直径从这里描述的模型不同，管端1的直径应调整到无缝地机器。 </li><li>添加2层螺纹密封带至管端5和6。 </li><li>把一块金属网的软管和嘴部之间（PVC管6和7），以防止在采样网从被吸进马折角。使用金​​属纱布用0.5mM和0.5厘米网眼直径。 </li><li>连接软管管端5和6金属夹箍。 </li></ol> 2.准备采样盒<ol><li>从一个塑料桶（50升，40厘米底径）卸下底部。外壳的这种尺寸涵盖移植稻田水稻2-4丘陵，根据作物阶段24。 </li><li>附加一个尼龙网套，具有1m的长度，用橡皮筋铲斗的顶部。对于这个套筒，使用网目尺寸是足够小以防止最小的目标节肢动物的逃逸。使用直径小于0.5mm。 </li></ol>修改后的风机叶片-VAC的吸式采样3.领域中的应用<ol><li>使用两个人在现场操作设备。一人操作鼓风机-VAC和其他处理桶外壳和采样网。 </li><li>启动机器。 </li><li>插入一个采样NEŤ进入鼓风机-VAC的口部，并用橡皮筋固定。对于净，使用网目尺寸是足够小以赶上最小靶节肢动物，但不建立明显的气流阻力。使用光尼龙材料0.2-0.5毫米之间的网状直径。 </li><li>快速地放置在外壳上的植物在该领域的随机位置并推斗的底部牢固到土壤。确保套筒被关闭，以防止节肢动物从外壳的顶部逸出。 </li><li>在机箱内的一个自上而下的方式盘旋删除所有节肢动物，对于标准化的采样时间。在营养生长和生殖阶段稻米作物，使用1和2分钟取样持续时间，分别。 </li><li>完成样品后，从采样净去除橡皮筋，迅速收网，并把它拿出鼓风机-VAC的口部，并与结关闭它，同时保持机器运行。 </li><li>重复小号TEPS在为下一个样品中的字段随机位置3.2到3.5。重复的数量取决于在节肢动物的在该领域的空间分布，估计的所要求的精度和研究的目的变化。通常情况下，重复六次会给节肢动物群落和物种丰度的一个好印象。 </li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

吸采样是许多可能的方法农作物取样节肢动物群落之一。在水稻系统科学研究，吸入取样是合适的选择，因为该方法提供节肢动物密度绝对的估计，它是非破坏性的，以及 - 在对比视觉计数 - 允许收集和购买处理的样品的存储。相比于市售的D-VAC，鼓风机-VAC更小，更轻，更容易在（水淹）稻田处理和也更容易与外壳结合起来。例如，鼓风机-VAC重约6公斤，而背包的D-VAC模型，呈现为昆虫采样的国际标准，具有重量12千克11。更重要的是，送风机-VAC的抽样效率比对D-VAC 16,17较高，而送风机-VAC的成本更低。叶鼓风机-VAC成吸入取样修改不需要特殊的技能或设备和所有其他部件已收集后不到一小时。这里描述的鼓风机-VAC是容易制作和比文献16,17先前所描述的版本进行操作，以及所需的零件（ 表1）是被广泛使用的标准的建筑材料。这使得风机-VAC还访问研究人员在发展中国家的小预算。 发动机的动力和位移确定鼓风机-VAC的抽吸力。这里向大家推荐一台机器0.7-1.2千瓦和25-35毫升，这是足够的大米抽样植物栖节肢动物群落之间的位移之间的动力。柔性塑料软管的长度和抽吸口部（配管7）的直径是一个良好的取样性能的关键。软管太长会降低吸力，而软管太短会不方便采样期间使用。同样的，具有过大的直径的口部将降低吸力，而直径太小会降低采样效率由于小面。采样效率关键取决于采样持续时间。如果采样是在整个生长季节进行的，抽样持续时间可能必须调整到工厂规模，结构和种植密度保持效率的类似水平。采样效率应该由采样后的封闭区域的仔细检查进行检查。如果仍有节肢动物目前，抽样持续时间必须增加。在营养阶段推荐的抽样持续时间为稻米作物为1分钟和在生殖和成熟阶段是2分钟。 用鼓风机-VAC吸入取样可在水田中进行，而另一种方法，如陷阱和打片采样不在积水可行的。鼓风机-VAC也可以是用于采样稻田被淹（ 例如 ，食肉水虫）的水面上节肢动物群落，由于本机能够在一些水吸吮。然而，不推荐用于采样水生节肢动物作为电动机可能停止时口部被深深地插入水中，气流被阻止运行。除了 ​​水稻，鼓风机-VAC也可以在其他作物和非作物生境中使用，只要该植物的高度和结构允许外壳25的适当位置。 我们的风机-VAC吸入采样方式是非破坏性的。在采样收集净​​值几乎所有存活的节肢动物，包括软组织如蚊子和豆娘。该方法的应用，但是，有一些局限性和缺点。鼓风机-VAC需要两个人来操作。在字段携带鼓风机-VAC会导致一些干扰，因此，这种方法可能会低估干扰敏感的物种，如蝗虫。在运动的前进方向上的相对未受干扰的区域中的外壳的快速和突然放置可以限制这种潜在的偏差。鼓风机-VAC机的巨响也可能造成干扰，因此不推荐在居民区夜间采样。该方法不适合采样高度机动飞行的昆虫，如蜻蜓目食肉或更大寄生蜂。正如任何采样的方法，该鼓风机-VAC与其他方法，如扫描净采样或植物的破坏收获的组合，可以提供节肢动物社区26的一个更完整的和平衡的评估。

需要对人口动态和物种相互作用的生态研究，包括生物控制的研究和植食性节肢动物食虫在作物的丰度和多样性的反复评估。水稻是主要的主食，由食虫节肢动物1,2生物防治的高潜力，但它可以通过杀虫剂3被打乱。水稻作物节肢动物的多样性可能会很高，而节肢动物物种占据不同的作物阶层（如地面，干，雨棚，花），中移动（ 如行走，跳跃，飞行）的方式不同和觅食策略（ 例如 ，无柄吸血昆虫，狩猎捕食者和访花授粉）4。 有一个广泛的节肢动物采样技术，各有长处和短处。例如，陷阱陷阱可用于采样地栖节肢动物，但提供活性依赖性RELA略去人口估计5,6。扫描网可用于在树冠7-9采样快速飞虫，但给节肢动物丰 ​​度相对估计。节拍片方法可以用于采样植物栖节肢动物群落并提供节肢动物丰 ​​绝对的估计，但它不能被如稻田10有效地淹没农田使用。 吸入取样，当与外壳覆盖该字段的标准化面积组合进行的，提供了植物栖节肢动物的密度的绝对估计。这种方法也可以在水淹稻田中。样品可以储存用于以后的处理和识别。该Dietrick真空（D-VAC）11是首个商业开发吸式采样。尽管D-VACS仍在广泛使用12-14，它们比较昂贵，具有有限的抽吸力15和比较重，这使得它们难以处理稻田被淹16。有田和咀香16开发的吸式采样使用汽油驱动的风机叶片-VAC，而这个原型是由多明戈和Schoenly 17进一步完善。鼓风机-VAC吸入采样相比为D-VAC作为优点在于它更便宜和更容易处理得多。 虽然鼓风机-VAC吸抽样的方法，在许多生态学研究18-23被使用，它的修改和应用的说明还没有明确说明。在这里，我们提出了一个汽油动力风机叶片-VAC在淹没稻田节肢动物种群的吸采样的修改和应用的基于视频的，详细的描述。修改是有田和咀香16和多明戈和Schoenly 17启发，但设计一直是进一步简化相比，这些原始的出版物，促进建设和使用。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Machine</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Leaf blower-vac</td>
			<td>We used Oleo-Mac BV300, Made in Italy</td>
			<td>Power: 1.0 kW, Displacement: 30.5 cc, Max air volume: 720 m&#179;/h, Max air speed: 70 m/sec, Weight: 4.5 kg, Diameter of suction mouth: 113 mm&#160;</td>
			<td>There are many different brands and models available. For comparable performance, the specifications concerning power and air speed should be similar to those presented here.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="2">Additional parts for modification</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PVC pipe 1</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Outer &#248; of end connected to the machine: 112 mm, Inner &#248; of end connected to PVC pipe 2: 110 mm</td>
			<td>This is the cover of a &#248; 110 mm PVC pipe</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PVC pipe 2</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Outer &#248;: 110 mm, Length: 10 cm</td>
			<td>Normal outer &#248; 110 mm PVC pipe; to connect PVC pipe 1 and 3</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PVC pipe 3</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Inner &#248; of big end: 110 mm, Inner &#248; of small end: 50 mm</td>
			<td>PVC &#248; 110 mm to &#248; 50 mm downpipe reducer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PVC pipe 4</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Outer &#248;: 50 mm, Length: 5 cm</td>
			<td>Normal &#248; 50 mm PVC pipe; to connect PVC pipe 3 and 5</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PVC pipe 5</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Inner &#248;: 50 mm and 32 mm, Outer &#248; of small part: 38 mm</td>
			<td>PVC &#248; 50 mm to &#248; 32 mm downpipe reducer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hose</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Outer &#248;: 40 mm</td>
			<td>Wire-fortified, flexible plastic hose&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Metal gauze</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Mesh &#248;: 1 mm, &#248;: 60 mm</td>
			<td>Prevent the sampling net from being sucked into the machine</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PVC pipe 6</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Outer &#248; of small end: 38 mm, Inner &#248; of big end: 63 mm</td>
			<td>PVC &#248; 32 mm to &#248; 63 mm reducer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PVC pipe 7</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Outer &#248;: 63 mm, Length: 25 cm</td>
			<td>Normal outer &#248; 63mm PVC pipe</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>U-PVC glue</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>U-PVC glue; to connect PVC parts</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="2">Metal clamp hoops (2)</td>
			<td>Flexible between &#248; 35 mm - 51 mm</td>
			<td>To connect the hose with the PVC pipes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="2">Thread seal tape</td>
			<td>Width: 18mm</td>
			<td>Seal the hose-PVC connections</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Screws (3)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Length: 25mm</td>
			<td>To connect PVC pipe 1 with the suction mouth of the machine</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="2">Sampling net and enclosure</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="2">Sampling net</td>
			<td>Mesh size &#248;: 0.3 mm, Width of the mouth: 10 cm, Height: 30 cm</td>
			<td>The sampling net has a conical shape.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bucket</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Bottom &#248;: 40 cm, Volume: 50 L</td>
			<td>Cut the bottom</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nylon sleeve</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Mesh size &#248;: 0.3 mm, Length: 1 m</td>
			<td>To cover the bucket as enclosure</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

modification and application of a leaf blower-vac for field sampling of arthropods

稻田节肢动物举办一个大型的多样性，但调查其种群动态和互动是具有挑战性的。在这里，我们描述了一个吹叶机-VAC对水稻节肢动物人口抽样吸的修改和应用。当与外壳使用时，该取样装置的应用提供了节肢动物按照标准化取样区号码的种群的绝对估计。采样效率关键取决于采样持续时间。在成熟的水稻作物，在0.13米2的外壳两分钟取样得到90％以上的节肢动物种群。该装置还允许节肢动物栖居的水面或在稻田土壤上的取样，但它不适合用于采样快速飞虫，例如掠夺蜻蜓目或更大的寄生蜂。修改后的风机-VAC是简单的构造，更便宜和更容易处理比传统的吸sampli纳克设备，如D-VAC。成本低廉，使修改后的风机-VAC也接触到发展中国家的研究人员。

<html>共有295节肢动物收集来自江西省，中国，成熟阶段水稻作物8三分钟的风机-VAC样本在2015年九月确定相对产量之间的关系（节肢动物的比例收集样品中）和采样时间，每个样本被分成的每个30秒六个子样品。每个样品的个体的平均数为36.9±4.1（平均值±SEM）。共有八名节肢动物订单被发现了，用半翅目（28.8％），蜘蛛（27.5％），双翅目（17.6％）占主导地位（ 图1）。相对产率，表示为收集的节肢动物的数量三分钟之后的百分比，为52.9％±5.1，92.4％±1.9和97.3％±0.9 30秒后，2和2.5分，分别（ 图2）。 <html> 5 / 54655fig1.jpg“/&gt; 图1. 物种组成（在订单一级）南昌市江西省郊区节肢动物样本，中国。八个样品采取每三分钟一个鼓风机-VAC。误差棒代表平均值的标准差。 <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/54655/54655fig1large.jpg" target="_blank">请点击此处查看该图的放大版本。</a> <img alt="图2" src="/files/ftp_upload/54655/54655fig2.jpg" /> 图2.累积相对产率，为以每个30秒子样本总的采样持续时间的函数。收集到节肢动物的总数的三分钟取样持续时间设定为100％。没有节肢动物在最后一次风机-VAC样本之后，在目视检查发现。误差棒代表八个三分钟样品平均值的标准误差。=“htt​​ps://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/54655/54655fig2large.jpg”目标=“_空白”&gt;点击此处查看该图的放大版本。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Modification and Application of a Leaf Blower-vac for Field Sampling of Arthropods at JoVE.com

Modification and Application of a Leaf Blower-vac for Field Sampling of Arthropods

作物节肢动物丰评估是调查人口动态和物种相互作用的关键。在这里，我们描述了一个吹叶机-VAC对水稻节肢动物吸采样的修改和应用。

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Rice fields host a large diversity of arthropods, but investigating their population dynamics and interactions is challenging. Here we describe the ...

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