Name: neuropharmacological manipulation of restrained and free-flying honey bees, apis mellifera
Uploaded: 2016-11-26T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Neuropharmacological Manipulation of Restrained and Free-flying Honey Bees, Apis mellifera at JoVE.com

This project was funded by ARC grant DP0986021 and NHMRC grant 585442. ABB is supported by an ARC Future Fellowship (FT140100452). JAP is supported by an iMQRES scholarship awarded by Macquarie University and by a DAAD-Doktorandenstipendium awarded by the German Academic Exchange Service. JMD is supported by CNRS and University Paul Sabatier.

1.药品监督管理局铁甲蜜蜂<ol><li> 口服药物治疗 <ol><li>通过混合257克蔗糖用​​500毫升水制备1.5M的蔗糖溶液（它是比较容易溶解于沸水蔗糖的这个量）。储存在4℃直至使用蔗糖溶液。 注：蔗糖溶液中某些微生物提供了一个非常好客的环境，因此很容易被污染和令人不快的蜜蜂。散装蔗糖溶液可以等分并储存在-20℃直到使用。 </li><li>决定适当的药物剂量（如何实现的，在下面?...

<ol>
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上面提到的方法允许任何自由飞行或利用，蜜蜂的简单，有效和有力的治疗方法。这些方法有许多实验范式和生物学问题（ 表1）兼容。所有的自由飞行的方法可以很容易地应用到利用，蜜蜂。相反的是不太成功的，但是，由于暂时克制和侵入性治疗方法往往能危及蜜蜂的飞行能力。 该方法已经从大脑为中心的立体呈现。这不是由于技术固有的局限性，但作者的?...

由于卡尔·冯·弗里希阐明他们的舞蹈语言1，蜜蜂仍然是一个热门的研究物种的动物行为和神经生物学的研究人员。近年来新学科无数已经出现在这两个领域，和其他几个学科（如分子生物学，基因组学和计算机科学）已经出现和他们一起的交集。这导致了新的理论和模式的快速发展，为理解的行为从活动结果如何神经系统之内。由于独特的生活方式，丰富的行为库，并且易于实验和药理操纵的，蜜蜂一直维持在这个革命的最前沿。 蜜蜂被用来研究基本神经生物学问题那些潜在学习和记忆2,3，决策4，嗅觉5，或可视处理6如。在最近几年，议员EY蜂甚至被用作研究主题通常保留用于医学研究，例如成瘾药物7的影响的模型- 11，睡眠12，老化13，或机制基础麻醉14。 对于不同的经典遗传模式生物（ 例如 ， 果蝇 ， 线虫 ，M.家鼠 ），也有极少数可用于蜜蜂操纵的神经功能的遗传工具，虽然这是目前改变15。相反，蜜蜂的研究主要依靠药理操作。这是非常成功;然而，蜂研究的多样性是使得所需的药理给药方法的范围内。研究与蜜蜂满足高度多样化的问题，是由来自不同学科和背景的研究人员研究，并采用了多种实验方法。许多RESE弓问题需要蜜蜂要么是自由飞行，在他们的殖民地，或两者相互作用的自由。这可以使它很难跟踪个别实验动物，并使得限制或插管不可行的。 容纳蜜蜂研究的多样性，需要多种药物递送方法，允许强大和灵活的管理，同时确保药物动力学和药效型材，该方法的侵袭，其可靠性，适合所讨论的范例。由于这些多样化的需求，大部分的研究小组已经开发出了自己独特的给药方法。到目前为止，这一直是蜜蜂研究界的力量;它导致了允许在不同的情况下的同种药物的给药方法阵列的发展。我们的目标不是要开发蜜蜂药理操纵一个标准化的方法，而是突出的方法已被证明是特别成功的，并帮助研究人员采用这些。我们讨论的是如何工作的基本原则，以及它们的优点和缺点。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Sucrose</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S8501</td>
			<td>Any supplier will do</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Chloride</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S7653</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium Chloride</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P9333&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magnesium Chloride hexahydrate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M2670</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Calcium Chloride dihydrate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>C8106</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dextrose monohydrate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>49159</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P4417</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Protection Wax</td>
			<td>Dentaurum</td>
			<td>124-305-00</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HEPES</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>H3375</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>dimethylformamide</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>D4551</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>95% Ethanol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>493511</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass capillary</td>
			<td>WPI</td>
			<td>1B100F-3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>23 G NanoFil needle</td>
			<td>WPI</td>
			<td>NF33BV-2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Very fine forsceps</td>
			<td>Dumont</td>
			<td>0208-55-PO</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electrode puller</td>
			<td>SRI</td>
			<td>2001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FemtoJet Microinjector</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>5247 000.01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Eicosane</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>219274</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>manual micromanipulator</td>
			<td>Brinkmann Instrumentenbau</td>
			<td>MM-33</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>electronic micromanipulator</td>
			<td>Luigs &#38; Neumann Feinmechanik + Elektortechnik</td>
			<td>Junior unit XYZ</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>stereomicroscope</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>M80</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>soldering iron</td>
			<td>Weller</td>
			<td>WESD51</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dextran, Alexa Fluor 546, 10000 MW</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>D-22911</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dextran, Alexa Fluor 568, 10000 MW</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>D-22912</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>small Petri dish</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P5481</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>mineral oil</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M5904</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50 mL Centrifuge tube</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>339652</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>forceps</td>
			<td>Australian Entomological Supplies</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Blade holder and breaker</td>
			<td>Australian Entomological Supplies</td>
			<td>E130</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Feather double edged razor blade</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>50-949-135</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nichrome wire</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Any supplier will do</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electrical wires</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Any supplier will do</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Model paint</td>
			<td>Tamiya USA</td>
			<td>Depends on colour</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Repeating dispenser</td>
			<td>Hamilton company</td>
			<td>PB-600-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass syringe</td>
			<td>WPI</td>
			<td>NANOFIL</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>flourescence viewing system</td>
			<td>Nightsea</td>
			<td>SFR-GR</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>graticule</td>
			<td>ProSciTech</td>
			<td>S8014-24</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>microcapillary with holder</td>
			<td>Drummond</td>
			<td>1-000-0010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Liquid silicone</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Any supplier will do</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thermocouple</td>
			<td>Digitech</td>
			<td>QM-1324</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micropipette</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

neuropharmacological manipulation of restrained and free-flying honey bees, apis mellifera

蜜蜂展示惊人的学习能力和先进的社会行为和沟通。此外，他们的大脑体积小，便于可视化和学习。因此，蜜蜂也早已之间神经生物学家和neuroethologists为研究社会和自然行为的神经基础青睐的机型。是很重要的，但是，用于研究蜜蜂不与行为干扰的实验技术正在研究中。由于这个原因，一直需要开发出一系列的为蜜蜂的药理学处理的技术。在本文中，我们演示了具有广泛的药理剂治疗内敛或自由飞行的蜜蜂的方法。这些包括非侵入性的方法，如口服和局部治疗，以及更侵入性的方法，其允许在任一全身或局部的方式精确药物递送。最后，我们讨论每种方法的优点和缺点，并描述常见的障碍以及如何最好地克服它们。我们的结论与适应实验方法的生物学问题，而不是周围的其他方式的重要性进行了讨论。

用于上述方法的代表性结果的选择示，主要是为了证明方法允许药剂到达脑部，并影响蜜蜂行为。 对大脑处理具体影响如下胸部注射容易获得。 因为药剂注入通过胸廓可作用于在主体多个目标，并在到达大脑之前得到稀释到体内，这种技术可以提高可能特异性的担忧。尽管如此，它...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Neuropharmacological Manipulation of Restrained and Free-flying Honey Bees, Apis mellifera at JoVE.com

Neuropharmacological Manipulation of Restrained and Free-flying Honey Bees, Apis mellifera

这份手稿介绍了管理药剂对蜜蜂，包括自由飞行的蜜蜂简单的无创方法，以及更具侵入性的变异，让内敛的蜜蜂精确的局部治疗多种协议。

约束和自由飞行，蜜蜂的神经药理学操纵，<em&gt;蜜蜂</em

Honey bees demonstrate astonishing learning abilities and advanced social behavior and communication. In addition, their brain is small, easy to visualize ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Neuropharmacological Manipulation of Restrained and Free-flying Honey Bees, Apis mellifera

Behavioural Pharmacology in Classical Conditioning of the Proboscis Extension Response in Honeybees (Apis mellifera)

Behavioural Pharmacology in Classical Conditioning of the Proboscis Extension Response in Honeybees Apis mellifera

在蜜蜂的长鼻扩展响应的经典条件反射行为药理学（蜜蜂）

Honeybees (Apis mellifera) are well known for their communication and orientation skills and for their impressive learning capability1,2. Because the ...

科研

神经科学

Mechanical Manipulation of Neurons to Control Axonal Development

机械操纵控制神经元轴突的发展

Cell manipulations and extension of neuronal axons can be accomplished with calibrated glass micro-fibers capable of measuring and applying forces in the ...

Lentivirus-mediated Genetic Manipulation and Visualization of Olfactory Sensory Neurons in vivo

Lentivirus-mediated Genetic Manipulation and Visualization of Olfactory Sensory Neurons in vivo

嗅觉感官神经元的慢病毒介导的遗传操作和可视化在体内</em

Development of a precise olfactory circuit relies on accurate projection of olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) axons to their synaptic 
targets in the ...

Tactile Conditioning And Movement Analysis Of Antennal Sampling Strategies In Honey Bees (Apis mellifera L.)

Tactile Conditioning And Movement Analysis Of Antennal Sampling Strategies In Honey Bees Apis mellifera L.

触觉空调和取样策略在蜜蜂触角的运动分析（<em&gt;蜜蜂</em&gt; L.）

Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) are eusocial insects and well known for their complex division of labor and associative learning capability1, 2. The worker ...

Genetic Manipulation of the Mouse Developing Hypothalamus through In utero Electroporation

Genetic Manipulation of the Mouse Developing Hypothalamus through In utero Electroporation

遗传操纵鼠标的发展下丘脑通过<em&gt;在子宫内</em&gt;电穿孔

Genetic  modification of specific regions of the developing mammalian brain is a very  powerful experimental approach. However, generating novel mouse ...

RNAi-mediated Double Gene Knockdown and Gustatory Perception Measurement in Honey Bees (Apis mellifera)

RNAi-mediated Double Gene Knockdown and Gustatory Perception Measurement in Honey Bees Apis mellifera

RNAi介导的双基因敲除和味觉感知测量蜜蜂（<em&gt;蜜蜂</em&gt;）

This video demonstrates novel techniques of RNA  interference (RNAi) which downregulate two genes simultaneously in honey bees  using double-stranded RNA ...

Genetic Manipulation of Cerebellar Granule Neurons In Vitro and In Vivo to Study Neuronal Morphology and Migration

Genetic Manipulation of Cerebellar Granule Neurons In Vitro and In Vivo to Study Neuronal Morphology and Migration

小脑颗粒神经元的遗传操作<em&gt;体外</em&gt;和<em&gt;在体内</em&gt;为研究神经元形态和迁移

Developmental events in the brain including neuronal morphogenesis and migration are highly orchestrated processes. In vitro and in vivo analyses allow ...

Juxtacellular Monitoring and Localization of Single Neurons within Sub-cortical Brain Structures of Alert, Head-restrained Rats

警报，头抑制大鼠子皮层的大脑结构中Juxtacellular监测和本地化单神经元

There are a variety of techniques to monitor extracellular activity of single neuronal units. However, monitoring this activity from deep brain structures ...

Inducing Plasticity of Astrocytic Receptors by Manipulation of Neuronal Firing Rates

诱导星形胶质细胞受体的可塑性由神经元的放电频率操作

Close to two decades of research has established that astrocytes in situ and in vivo express numerous G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that can be ...

A Novel Behavioral Assay to Investigate Gustatory Responses of Individual, Freely-moving Bumble Bees (Bombus terrestris)

A Novel Behavioral Assay to Investigate Gustatory Responses of Individual, Freely-moving Bumble Bees Bombus terrestris

一种新的行为分析调查个人的味觉，可自由移动的熊蜂（<em&gt;欧洲熊蜂</em&gt;）

Generalist pollinators like the buff-tailed bumble bee, Bombus terrestris, encounter both nutrients and toxins in the floral nectar they collect from ...