Name: neuropharmacological manipulation of restrained and free-flying honey bees, apis mellifera
Uploaded: 2016-11-26T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Neuropharmacological Manipulation of Restrained and Free-flying Honey Bees, Apis mellifera at JoVE.com

This project was funded by ARC grant DP0986021 and NHMRC grant 585442. ABB is supported by an ARC Future Fellowship (FT140100452). JAP is supported by an iMQRES scholarship awarded by Macquarie University and by a DAAD-Doktorandenstipendium awarded by the German Academic Exchange Service. JMD is supported by CNRS and University Paul Sabatier.

1. Drug Administration per le api da tiro <ol><li> trattamento orale <ol><li> Preparare la soluzione 1,5 M di saccarosio mescolando 257 g di saccarosio con 500 ml di acqua (è più facile per sciogliere questa quantità di saccarosio in acqua bollente). Conservare soluzione di saccarosio a 4 ° C fino all&#39;utilizzo. Nota: La soluzione saccarosio fornisce un ambiente molto ospitale per alcuni microrganismi, e quindi diventa facilmente contaminato e sgradevole per le api. soluzione di saccaros...

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I metodi di cui sopra consentono un trattamento semplice, efficace e robusto sia priva di volare o api mellifere bardati. Questi metodi sono compatibili con molti paradigmi sperimentali e questioni biologiche (Tabella 1). Tutti i metodi in volo libero può essere facilmente applicato per le api bardati. Il contrario è meno successo, tuttavia, dal momento moderazione temporanea e metodi di trattamento invasivo spesso possono compromettere la capacità volare api. I metodi so...

Dal momento che Karl von Frisch chiarito il loro linguaggio della danza 1, le api sono rimasti una specie di studio richiesti per i ricercatori in comportamento animale e neurobiologia. Negli ultimi anni una miriade di nuove discipline sono emerse nel punto di intersezione di questi due campi, e diverse altre discipline (ad esempio, la biologia molecolare, la genomica e informatica) sono sorti al loro fianco. Questo ha portato a un rapido sviluppo di nuove teorie e modelli per comprendere come il comportamento deriva da attività nei sistemi nervosi. A causa dello stile di vita unico, ricco repertorio comportamentale, e la facilità di manipolazione sperimentale e farmacologica, le api sono rimasti in prima linea in questa rivoluzione. Le api da miele sono stati utilizzati per studiare domande neurobiologici di base come quelli alla base dell&#39;apprendimento e della memoria 2,3, il processo decisionale 4, 5 olfattiva, o elaborazione visiva 6. Negli ultimi anni, la honey ape è stato anche utilizzato come modello per lo studio di argomenti generalmente riservati per la ricerca medica, come ad esempio gli effetti di sostanze stupefacenti 7 - 11, 12 sonno, invecchiamento 13, oppure i meccanismi alla base di anestesia 14. A differenza dei classici organismi modello genetico (per esempio, D. melanogaster, C. elegans, M. musculus), ci sono pochissimi strumenti genetici disponibili per la manipolazione di funzioni neurali di api mellifere, anche se questo è attualmente cambiando 15. Invece, gli studi api sono principalmente affidamento su manipolazioni farmacologiche. Questo è stato un grande successo; tuttavia, la diversità della ricerca ape è tale che sono necessari una serie di metodi per la somministrazione farmacologica. La ricerca con le api affronta questioni molto diverse, è studiata da ricercatori provenienti da diverse discipline e contesti, e utilizza una varietà di approcci sperimentali. molti RESEdomande arco richiedono api per essere o volo libero, liberamente interagire nella loro colonia, o entrambi. Questo può rendere difficile tenere traccia dei singoli animali da esperimento, e rende moderazione o incannulamento irrealizzabile. Per accogliere la diversità delle ricerche miele d&#39;api, sono necessari una varietà di metodi di somministrazione dei farmaci, consentendo per la somministrazione robusto e flessibile, garantendo nel contempo che i profili farmacocinetici e farmacodinamica, invasività del metodo, e la sua affidabilità, soddisfare il paradigma in questione. A causa di queste diverse esigenze, la maggior parte dei gruppi di ricerca hanno sviluppato i propri metodi di gestione della droga unici. Finora, questo è stato un punto di forza della comunità di ricerca delle api; ha portato allo sviluppo di array di metodi che consentono la somministrazione del farmaco stesso in circostanze diverse. Il nostro obiettivo non è quello di sviluppare un unico metodo standardizzato per manipolazioni farmacologiche di api, ma piuttosto mettere in evidenza i metodi chehanno dimostrato di essere particolarmente efficace, e aiutare i ricercatori adottano questi. Discutiamo i principi di base di come funzionano, così come i loro vantaggi e svantaggi.

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	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Sucrose</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S8501</td>
			<td>Any supplier will do</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Chloride</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S7653</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium Chloride</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P9333&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magnesium Chloride hexahydrate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M2670</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Calcium Chloride dihydrate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>C8106</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dextrose monohydrate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>49159</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P4417</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Protection Wax</td>
			<td>Dentaurum</td>
			<td>124-305-00</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HEPES</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>H3375</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>dimethylformamide</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>D4551</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>95% Ethanol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>493511</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass capillary</td>
			<td>WPI</td>
			<td>1B100F-3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>23 G NanoFil needle</td>
			<td>WPI</td>
			<td>NF33BV-2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Very fine forsceps</td>
			<td>Dumont</td>
			<td>0208-55-PO</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electrode puller</td>
			<td>SRI</td>
			<td>2001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FemtoJet Microinjector</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>5247 000.01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Eicosane</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>219274</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>manual micromanipulator</td>
			<td>Brinkmann Instrumentenbau</td>
			<td>MM-33</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>electronic micromanipulator</td>
			<td>Luigs &#38; Neumann Feinmechanik + Elektortechnik</td>
			<td>Junior unit XYZ</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>stereomicroscope</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>M80</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>soldering iron</td>
			<td>Weller</td>
			<td>WESD51</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dextran, Alexa Fluor 546, 10000 MW</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>D-22911</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dextran, Alexa Fluor 568, 10000 MW</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>D-22912</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>small Petri dish</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P5481</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>mineral oil</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M5904</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50 mL Centrifuge tube</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>339652</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>forceps</td>
			<td>Australian Entomological Supplies</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Blade holder and breaker</td>
			<td>Australian Entomological Supplies</td>
			<td>E130</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Feather double edged razor blade</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>50-949-135</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nichrome wire</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Any supplier will do</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electrical wires</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Any supplier will do</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Model paint</td>
			<td>Tamiya USA</td>
			<td>Depends on colour</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Repeating dispenser</td>
			<td>Hamilton company</td>
			<td>PB-600-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass syringe</td>
			<td>WPI</td>
			<td>NANOFIL</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>flourescence viewing system</td>
			<td>Nightsea</td>
			<td>SFR-GR</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>graticule</td>
			<td>ProSciTech</td>
			<td>S8014-24</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>microcapillary with holder</td>
			<td>Drummond</td>
			<td>1-000-0010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Liquid silicone</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Any supplier will do</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thermocouple</td>
			<td>Digitech</td>
			<td>QM-1324</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micropipette</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

neuropharmacological manipulation of restrained and free-flying honey bees, apis mellifera

Le api da miele dimostrano capacità di apprendimento sorprendenti e il comportamento sociale avanzata e la comunicazione. Inoltre, il loro cervello è piccolo, facile da visualizzare e studiare. Pertanto, le api sono stati a lungo un modello preferito tra i neurobiologi e neuroethologists per studiare le basi neurali del comportamento sociale e naturale. È importante, tuttavia, che le tecniche sperimentali utilizzate per studiare le api non interferiscono con i comportamenti oggetto di studio. Per questo motivo, è stato necessario sviluppare una gamma di tecniche per la manipolazione farmacologica di api. In questo lavoro abbiamo dimostrato metodi per il trattamento api mellifere trattenuto o volo libero con una vasta gamma di agenti farmacologici. Questi includono entrambi i metodi non invasivi come trattamenti per via orale e topica, nonché metodi più invasivi che consentono precisa somministrazione di farmaci sia in modo sistemico o localizzato. Infine, si discute i vantaggi e gli svantaggi di ciascun metodo e descriviamoostacoli comuni e come superare meglio di loro. Concludiamo con una discussione sull&#39;importanza di adattare il metodo sperimentale per le questioni biologiche, piuttosto che il contrario.

Una selezione di risultati rappresentativi per i metodi di cui sopra sono riportati, in primo luogo per dimostrare che i metodi consentono agenti farmacologici per raggiungere il cervello e influenzano il comportamento delle api il miele. Effetti specifici sui processi cerebrali possono essere facilmente ottenuti dopo l&#39;iniezione del torace. Poiché gli agenti farm...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Neuropharmacological Manipulation of Restrained and Free-flying Honey Bees, Apis mellifera at JoVE.com

Neuropharmacological Manipulation of Restrained and Free-flying Honey Bees, Apis mellifera

Questo manoscritto descrive diversi protocolli per la somministrazione di agenti farmacologici alle api, tra cui semplici metodi non invasivi per le api in volo libero, così come le varianti più invasive che consentono preciso trattamento localizzato delle api trattenuti.

Manipolazione neurofarmacologico di sobrio e-volo libero api mellifere,<em&gt; Apis mellifera</em

Honey bees demonstrate astonishing learning abilities and advanced social behavior and communication. In addition, their brain is small, easy to visualize ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Neuropharmacological Manipulation of Restrained and Free-flying Honey Bees, Apis mellifera

Behavioural Pharmacology in Classical Conditioning of the Proboscis Extension Response in Honeybees (Apis mellifera)

Behavioural Pharmacology in Classical Conditioning of the Proboscis Extension Response in Honeybees Apis mellifera

Farmacologia Comportamentale nel condizionamento classico della risposta estensione proboscide in api ( Apis mellifera)

Honeybees (Apis mellifera) are well known for their communication and orientation skills and for their impressive learning capability1,2. Because the ...

Ricerca

Neuroscienze

Mechanical Manipulation of Neurons to Control Axonal Development

Manipolazione meccanica di neuroni di controllo per lo sviluppo assonale

Cell manipulations and extension of neuronal axons can be accomplished with calibrated glass micro-fibers capable of measuring and applying forces in the ...

Lentivirus-mediated Genetic Manipulation and Visualization of Olfactory Sensory Neurons in vivo

Lentivirus-mediated Genetic Manipulation and Visualization of Olfactory Sensory Neurons in vivo

Lentivirus-mediata manipolazione genetica e la visualizzazione dei neuroni sensoriali olfattivi In vivo</em

Development of a precise olfactory circuit relies on accurate projection of olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) axons to their synaptic 
targets in the ...

Tactile Conditioning And Movement Analysis Of Antennal Sampling Strategies In Honey Bees (Apis mellifera L.)

Tactile Conditioning And Movement Analysis Of Antennal Sampling Strategies In Honey Bees Apis mellifera L.

Condizionata tattile e Analisi del Movimento di strategie di campionamento antennale di api mellifere (<em&gt; Apis mellifera</em&gt; L.)

Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) are eusocial insects and well known for their complex division of labor and associative learning capability1, 2. The worker ...

Genetic Manipulation of the Mouse Developing Hypothalamus through In utero Electroporation

Genetic Manipulation of the Mouse Developing Hypothalamus through In utero Electroporation

La manipolazione genetica del topo sviluppo dell&#39;ipotalamo attraverso<em&gt; In utero</em&gt; Elettroporazione

Genetic  modification of specific regions of the developing mammalian brain is a very  powerful experimental approach. However, generating novel mouse ...

RNAi-mediated Double Gene Knockdown and Gustatory Perception Measurement in Honey Bees (Apis mellifera)

RNAi-mediated Double Gene Knockdown and Gustatory Perception Measurement in Honey Bees Apis mellifera

RNAi mediato doppia Gene atterramento e gustative Percezione misura di api mellifere (<em&gt; Apis mellifera</em&gt;)

This video demonstrates novel techniques of RNA  interference (RNAi) which downregulate two genes simultaneously in honey bees  using double-stranded RNA ...

Genetic Manipulation of Cerebellar Granule Neurons In Vitro and In Vivo to Study Neuronal Morphology and Migration

Genetic Manipulation of Cerebellar Granule Neurons In Vitro and In Vivo to Study Neuronal Morphology and Migration

Manipolazione genetica delle cerebellare granuli neuroni<em&gt; In Vitro</em&gt; E<em&gt; In Vivo</em&gt; Per studiare neuronale Morfologia e migrazione

Developmental events in the brain including neuronal morphogenesis and migration are highly orchestrated processes. In vitro and in vivo analyses allow ...

Juxtacellular Monitoring and Localization of Single Neurons within Sub-cortical Brain Structures of Alert, Head-restrained Rats

Monitoraggio Juxtacellular e localizzazione dei singoli neuroni nelle strutture cerebrali Sub-corticali di Alert, Rats Testa-trattenuto

There are a variety of techniques to monitor extracellular activity of single neuronal units. However, monitoring this activity from deep brain structures ...

Inducing Plasticity of Astrocytic Receptors by Manipulation of Neuronal Firing Rates

Indurre Plasticità di astrociti recettori per manipolazione del neuronali di cottura Prezzi

Close to two decades of research has established that astrocytes in situ and in vivo express numerous G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that can be ...

A Novel Behavioral Assay to Investigate Gustatory Responses of Individual, Freely-moving Bumble Bees (Bombus terrestris)

A Novel Behavioral Assay to Investigate Gustatory Responses of Individual, Freely-moving Bumble Bees Bombus terrestris

A Novel comportamentale test per Indagare Risposte gustativa individuale, liberamente rigiro bombi (<em&gt; Bombus terrestris</em&gt;)

Generalist pollinators like the buff-tailed bumble bee, Bombus terrestris, encounter both nutrients and toxins in the floral nectar they collect from ...