Name: ultrasound assessment of flow-mediated dilation of the brachial and superficial femoral arteries in rats
Uploaded: 2016-11-03T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Ultrasound Assessment of Flow-Mediated Dilation of the Brachial and Superficial Femoral Arteries in Rats at JoVE.com

All animal imaging was performed at the Small Animal Imaging Core Facility, University of Utah.
This study was funded in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health (R21 AG043952, R01 AG040297, K01 AG046326, K02 AG045339, and R01 DK100505).

Alle procedurer dyr var i overensstemmelse med den vejledning for pleje og anvendelse af forsøgsdyr 14 og blev godkendt af University of Utah og Salt Lake City Veterans Affairs Medical Center Animal Care og brug. 1. Dyrepræparation <ol><li> Placer dyr i anæstesi induktion kammer indeholdende 3% isofluran i 100% oxygen. Efterlad dyret i induktion kammeret, indtil det ikke reagerer på eksterne stimuli. </li><li> Fjern dyret fra induktion kammeret og placere den på en opvarmet...

<ol>
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I den foreliggende undersøgelse blev en ikke-invasiv måling af MKS demonstreret i brachialis og overfladiske femorale arterier hos rotter. Svarende til mennesker 6, efter en 5 min okklusion periode var der en hurtig stigning i blodets hastighed (dvs. reaktiv hyperæmi) derved øge forskydningshastighed på arterievæggen, som resulterede i den efterfølgende vasodilation af arterien. MKS blev observeret i både brachiale og overfladiske femorale arterier. Derudover var der en stærk sammenhæng i FMD mellem...

Det vaskulære endotel er et cellulært monolag at linjer lumen arterier og er en vigtig regulator af vaskulær funktion. Der er talrige molekyler frigives fra endotelet, som resulterer i modulering af blodårediameter. Blandt disse molekyler, nitrogenoxid (NO), synes at være den primære vasodilaterende molekyle frigivet fra det vaskulære endotel som respons på stimulering (fx insulin, acetylcholin, eller ændringer i forskydningsspænding) 1. I det vaskulære endotel, er NO produceret af enzymet endotel NO syntase (eNOS) og efterfølgende frigivet fra endotelceller 2. NO diffunderer til den vaskulære glatte muskulatur, hvor det forårsager afslapning og øget fartøj diameter 3. Endothelial dysfunktion kan vurderes ikke-invasivt i mennesker ved anvendelse af flow-medieret dilatation (FMD) teknik 4,5. MKS har været foreslået at repræsentere en funktionel bioassay for endotelafledtNO biotilgængelighed hos mennesker, og er typisk vurderes på brachialis eller overfladiske femorale arterie som reaktion på reaktiv hyperæmi efter en ~ 5 min lemmer okklusion 6. Reaktiv hyperæmi øger laminar forskydningskræfter, der er transduceret til endothelceller 7, signalering en frigivelse af NO 8. Selv om der i de senere år er andelen af vasodilatation initieret af NO-frigivelse blevet drøftet 9,10, FMD indikerer endotel-afhængig dilatation og har konsekvent vist sig at forudsige kardiovaskulære hændelser 11-13. Til dato har tusindvis af undersøgelser anvendte MKS teknik til ikke-invasiv måling af endotel funktion hos mennesker. I betragtning af den nylige skift i fokus til translationel forskning, ville retningslinjer for ikke-invasiv måling af mund- og klovsyge i gnavere være yderst værdifuldt. Holde med en translationel tilgang, blev denne protokol er fastsat for måling af mund- og klovsyge i brachialis og superficial femorale arterier af rotter, som disse websteder er mest almindeligt måles i mennesker. Denne protokol resulterer i en robust og gentagelig FMD respons hos rotter, men måling af mund- og klovsyge i rotter er teknisk krævende og kan være svært for andre forskere at kopiere uden video demonstration. Derfor vil den følgende artikel demonstrerer en fremgangsmåde til ikke-invasiv måling af MKS i brachialis og overfladiske femorale arterier hos rotter.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="710">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="58">
			<td height="58" style="height:58px;width:203px;">Vevo 2100 High Resolution Micro-Ultrasound Imaging System</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">VisualSonics, Toronto, ON, CAN</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="77">
			<td height="77" style="height:77px;width:203px;">MicroScan Ultra-High Frequency Linear Array Transducer - MS-700 30-70 MHz</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">VisualSonics, Toronto, ON, CAN</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Vevo Imaging Station</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">VisualSonics, Toronto, ON, CAN</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Thermasonic gel warmer</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Parker Laboratories, Fairfield, NJ, USA</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">82-03</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Optional</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Signacreme electrode cream</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Parker Laboratories, Fairfield, NJ, USA</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">17-05</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Transpore surgical tape</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">3M, Maplewood, MN, USA</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">1527-1</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:203px;">Depilatory cream (e.g., Nair)</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:203px;">Cotton swabs</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:203px;">Ultrasound gel</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Standard vascular occluder, 10 mm lumen diameter</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Harvard Apparatus, Holliston, MA, USA</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">62-0115</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">10 ml syringe with Luer-Lok tip</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General Supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Used for occlusion cuff apparatus</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Paperclip</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General Supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Used for occlusion cuff apparatus</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Hypodermic needle &#8211; 18 gauge&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General Supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Used for occlusion cuff apparatus</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Medium binder clip</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General Supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Used for occlusion cuff apparatus</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

ultrasound assessment of flow-mediated dilation of the brachial and superficial femoral arteries in rats

Arterial vasodilation to increases in wall shear rate is indicative of vascular endothelial function. In humans, the non-invasive measurement of endothelial function can be achieved by employing the flow-mediated dilation technique, typically performed in the brachial or superficial femoral artery. Briefly, a blood pressure cuff placed distal to an ultrasound probe is inflated to a suprasystolic pressure, which results in limb ischemia. After 5 min of occlusion the cuff is deflated, resulting in reactive hyperemia and increases in wall shear rate that signal vasodilatory molecules to be released from the endothelium eliciting vasodilation. Despite the thousands of studies performing flow-mediated dilation in humans, surprisingly, no studies have performed this technique non-invasively in living rats. Considering the recent shift in focus to translational research, the establishment of guidelines for non-invasive measurement of flow-mediated dilation in rats and other rodents would be extremely valuable. In the following article, a protocol is presented for the non-invasive measurement of flow-mediated dilation in brachial and superficial femoral arteries of rats, as those sites are most commonly measured in humans.

Flow-medieret dilatation blev udført på den brachiale og overfladiske femorale arterie af 8 Wistar-rotter. Positionering af en rotte, er vist i figur 1. Repræsentative ultralyd billeder af overfladiske femorale arterie er vist i figur 2. <img alt="figur 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/54762/54762fig1.jpg" /> Figur 1.</stro...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Ultrasound Assessment of Flow-Mediated Dilation of the Brachial and Superficial Femoral Arteries in Rats at JoVE.com

Ultrasound Assessment of Flow-Mediated Dilation of the Brachial and Superficial Femoral Arteries in Rats

Ikke-invasiv vurdering af endotelial funktion hos mennesker kan bestemmes af strømmen-medieret dilatation teknik. Selvom tusindvis af undersøgelser har anvendt denne teknik er der ikke undersøgelse udført denne teknik på ikke-indtrængende i rotter. Følgende artikel beskriver ikke-invasiv måling af flow-medieret dilation i brachiale og overfladiske femorale arterier hos rotter.

Ultralyd Vurdering af Flow-medieret dilatation af brachialis og Overfladiske lårarterier i rotter

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