Name: ultrasound assessment of flow-mediated dilation of the brachial and superficial femoral arteries in rats
Uploaded: 2016-11-03T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Ultrasound Assessment of Flow-Mediated Dilation of the Brachial and Superficial Femoral Arteries in Rats at JoVE.com

All animal imaging was performed at the Small Animal Imaging Core Facility, University of Utah.
This study was funded in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health (R21 AG043952, R01 AG040297, K01 AG046326, K02 AG045339, and R01 DK100505).

Alle dierlijke procedures voldeden aan de Gids voor de Zorg en gebruik van proefdieren 14 en werden goedgekeurd door de Universiteit van Utah en Salt Lake City Veterans Affairs Medical Center Animal Care en gebruik. 1. Dierlijke Voorbereiding <ol><li> Plaats dier in anesthesie inductie kamer met 3% isofluraan in 100% zuurstof. Laat het dier in de inductie kamer tot deze reageert op externe stimuli. </li><li> Verwijder het dier uit de inductie kamer en plaats het op een verwarmde...

<ol>
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In deze studie, een niet-invasieve meting van MKZ werd aangetoond in de brachiale en oppervlakkige femorale slagaders van ratten. Vergelijkbaar met de mens 6, na een 5 min occlusie periode was er een snelle toename van bloedsnelheid (reactief hyperemie) waardoor schuiven toenemend op de slagaderwand waardoor de daaropvolgende vasodilatatie van de slagader. MKZ werd waargenomen in zowel de brachiale en oppervlakkige femorale slagaders. Bovendien was er een sterke relatie tussen MKZ slagaders. Hoewel de piek af...

Het vasculaire endotheel is een cellulaire monolaag die lijnen de lumen van de slagaders en is een belangrijke regulator van de vasculaire functie. Er zijn talrijke moleculen vrijgemaakt uit het endotheel die resulteren in modulatie van diameter bloedvat. Onder deze moleculen, stikstofmonoxide (NO), lijkt de primaire vaatverwijdende molecuul vrijgemaakt uit het vasculaire endotheel in reactie op stimulatie (bijvoorbeeld, insuline, acetylcholine, of veranderingen in shear stress) 1. In het vasculaire endotheel, wordt NO door endotheliale het enzym NO synthase (eNOS) en vervolgens vrijgemaakt uit endotheelcellen 2. NO diffundeert naar de vasculaire gladde spieren, waar het veroorzaakt ontspanning en verhoogde vaatdiameter 3. Endotheeldisfunctie kan niet-invasief worden beoordeeld bij de mens met de flow-gemedieerde dilatatie (FMD) techniek 4,5. MKZ is voorgesteld om een ​​functionele bioassay te vertegenwoordigen endotheel-afgeleideNO biologische beschikbaarheid bij de mens, en wordt gewoonlijk beoordeeld op de brachiale of oppervlakkige dijbeenslagader in reactie op reactieve hyperemie na een ~ 5 min occlusie 6. Reactieve hyperemie verhoogt laminaire afschuifkrachten die worden getransduceerd met de endotheelcellen 7, signalering vrijkomen van NO 8. Hoewel in de afgelopen jaren, het aandeel vaatverwijding geïnitieerd door de NO is besproken 9,10 MKZ is indicatief voor endotheel afhankelijke dilatatie en heeft consequent aangetoond dat cardiovasculaire gebeurtenissen te voorspellen 11-13. Tot op heden zijn duizenden studies het MKZ toegepaste techniek voor niet-invasieve meting van de endotheelfunctie bij mensen. Gezien de recente verschuiving in focus translationeel onderzoek, zou richtlijnen voor de niet-invasieve meting van FMD in knaagdieren zeer waardevol zijn. Overeenstemming met een translationele benadering, werd dit protocol vastgesteld voor de meting van MKZ in arm en superficial femorale arteriën van ratten, zoals die sites worden meestal gemeten in mensen. Dit protocol resulteert in een robuust en herhaalbare MKZ respons bij ratten, maar meting van MKZ bij ratten is technisch veeleisend en kunnen moeilijk zijn voor andere onderzoekers om te repliceren zonder video demonstratie. Daarom zal de volgende voorwerp een werkwijze voor de niet-invasieve meting van FMD in de brachiale en oppervlakkige femorale arteriën van ratten tonen.

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	<tbody>
		<tr height="58">
			<td height="58" style="height:58px;width:203px;">Vevo 2100 High Resolution Micro-Ultrasound Imaging System</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">VisualSonics, Toronto, ON, CAN</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="77">
			<td height="77" style="height:77px;width:203px;">MicroScan Ultra-High Frequency Linear Array Transducer - MS-700 30-70 MHz</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">VisualSonics, Toronto, ON, CAN</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Vevo Imaging Station</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">VisualSonics, Toronto, ON, CAN</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Thermasonic gel warmer</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Parker Laboratories, Fairfield, NJ, USA</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">82-03</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Optional</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Signacreme electrode cream</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Parker Laboratories, Fairfield, NJ, USA</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">17-05</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Transpore surgical tape</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">3M, Maplewood, MN, USA</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">1527-1</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:203px;">Depilatory cream (e.g., Nair)</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:203px;">Cotton swabs</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:203px;">Ultrasound gel</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Standard vascular occluder, 10 mm lumen diameter</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Harvard Apparatus, Holliston, MA, USA</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">62-0115</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">10 ml syringe with Luer-Lok tip</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General Supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Used for occlusion cuff apparatus</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Paperclip</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General Supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Used for occlusion cuff apparatus</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Hypodermic needle &#8211; 18 gauge&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General Supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Used for occlusion cuff apparatus</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Medium binder clip</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General Supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Used for occlusion cuff apparatus</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

ultrasound assessment of flow-mediated dilation of the brachial and superficial femoral arteries in rats

Arterial vasodilation to increases in wall shear rate is indicative of vascular endothelial function. In humans, the non-invasive measurement of endothelial function can be achieved by employing the flow-mediated dilation technique, typically performed in the brachial or superficial femoral artery. Briefly, a blood pressure cuff placed distal to an ultrasound probe is inflated to a suprasystolic pressure, which results in limb ischemia. After 5 min of occlusion the cuff is deflated, resulting in reactive hyperemia and increases in wall shear rate that signal vasodilatory molecules to be released from the endothelium eliciting vasodilation. Despite the thousands of studies performing flow-mediated dilation in humans, surprisingly, no studies have performed this technique non-invasively in living rats. Considering the recent shift in focus to translational research, the establishment of guidelines for non-invasive measurement of flow-mediated dilation in rats and other rodents would be extremely valuable. In the following article, a protocol is presented for the non-invasive measurement of flow-mediated dilation in brachial and superficial femoral arteries of rats, as those sites are most commonly measured in humans.

Flow-gemedieerde dilatatie werd uitgevoerd op de brachiale en oppervlakkige femorale slagader van 8 Wistar ratten. Plaatsing van een rat wordt getoond in figuur 1. Representatieve ultrasone beelden van de oppervlakkige femorale slagader worden weergegeven in figuur 2. <img alt="Figuur 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/54762/54762fig1.jpg" />...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Ultrasound Assessment of Flow-Mediated Dilation of the Brachial and Superficial Femoral Arteries in Rats at JoVE.com

Ultrasound Assessment of Flow-Mediated Dilation of the Brachial and Superficial Femoral Arteries in Rats

Niet-invasieve bepaling van de endotheelfunctie bij de mens kan worden bepaald door de flow gemedieerde dilatatie techniek. Hoewel duizenden studies deze techniek gebruikt, heeft geen enkele studie deze techniek uitgevoerd op niet-invasieve bij ratten. Het volgende artikel wordt niet-invasieve meting van de flow gemedieerde dilatatie in de brachiale en oppervlakkige femorale slagaders van ratten.

Ultrasound Evaluatie van Flow-Mediated verwijding van de Brachial en Oppervlakkige dijbeenslagaders in Ratten

Arterial vasodilation to increases in wall shear rate is indicative of vascular endothelial function. In humans, the non-invasive measurement of ...

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