Name: ultrasound assessment of flow-mediated dilation of the brachial and superficial femoral arteries in rats
Uploaded: 2016-11-03T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Ultrasound Assessment of Flow-Mediated Dilation of the Brachial and Superficial Femoral Arteries in Rats at JoVE.com

All animal imaging was performed at the Small Animal Imaging Core Facility, University of Utah.
This study was funded in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health (R21 AG043952, R01 AG040297, K01 AG046326, K02 AG045339, and R01 DK100505).

Alle Tierverfahren entsprach dem Leitfaden für die Pflege und Verwendung von Labortieren 14 und wurden von der University of Utah und Salt Lake City Veterans Affairs Medical Center Animal Care und Verwenden genehmigt. 1. Vorbereitung der Tiere <ol><li> Platzieren Tier in Narkose Induktionskammer, die 3% Isofluran in 100% Sauerstoff. Lassen Sie das Tier in der Induktionskammer, bis er nicht mehr reagiert auf äußere Reize ist. </li><li> Nehmen Sie das Tier aus der Induktionskam...

<ol>
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In der vorliegenden Studie wurde eine nicht-invasive Messung von Maul- und Klauenseuche in der brachialen und oberflächlichen Oberschenkelarterien von Ratten nachgewiesen. Ähnlich wie beim Menschen 6 nach einer 5 min Okklusion Periode gab es eine rasche Zunahme der Blutgeschwindigkeit (dh reaktive Hyperämie) , wodurch Scherrate an der Arterienwand erhöht wird, was in der nachfolgenden Vasodilatation der Arterie geführt. FMD wurde sowohl in der brachialen und oberflächlichen Oberschenkelarterien beobacht...

Das vaskuläre Endothel ist eine zelluläre Monoschicht, die Linien, die das Lumen der Arterien und ist ein wichtiger Regulator der Gefäßfunktion. Es gibt zahlreiche Moleküle aus dem Endothel freigesetzt, die in der Modulation von Blutgefäßdurchmesser zur Folge haben. Unter diesen Molekülen wird Stickstoffmonoxid (NO), das primäre vasodilatatorische Molekül aus dem vaskulären Endothel in Antwort auf die Stimulation (zB Insulin, Acetylcholin oder Änderungen der Scherspannung) freigegeben zu 1 liegen . Im vaskulären Endothel, wird NO durch das Enzym endothelialen NO - Synthase (eNOS) hergestellt und wird anschließend von Endothelzellen 2 freigesetzt. NO diffundiert zum glatten Gefäßmuskulatur , wo es Entspannung und erhöhte Gefäßdurchmesser 3 bewirkt. Endotheliale Dysfunktion kann mit dem flussvermittelte Dilatation (FMD) Technik 4,5 beim Menschen untersucht nicht-invasiv werden. MKS ist eine funktionelle Bioassay für darzustellen vorgeschlagen Endothel-derivedNO Bioverfügbarkeit bei Menschen und wird typischerweise bei brachialis oder A. femoralis superficialis in Reaktion auf reaktive Hyperämie nach einer ~ 5 min Extremität Okklusion 6 beurteilt. Reaktive Hyperämie erhöht Kräfte laminaren Scher , die 7 an die Endothelzellen transduziert, die Signalgebung zu einer Freisetzung von NO 8. Obwohl in den letzten Jahren ist 9,10 der Anteil der Vasodilatation durch NO - Freisetzung eingeleitet diskutiert wurde, ist indikativ für FMD endothelabhängige Dilatation und konsequent wurde 11-13 kardiovaskulärer Ereignisse vorherzusagen gezeigt. Bis heute haben Tausende von Studien, die die MKS-Technik zur nicht-invasiven Messung der Endothelfunktion beim Menschen eingesetzt. In Anbetracht der jüngsten Verschiebung des Fokus auf translationale Forschung, Richtlinien für die nicht-invasive Messung von Maul- und Klauenseuche bei Nagern wäre äußerst wertvoll sein. Schritt halten mit einem translationalen Ansatz wurde dieses Protokoll für die Messung der Maul- und Klauenseuche in brachial und Supe etabliertrficial Oberschenkelarterien von Ratten, wie diese Websites werden am häufigsten bei Menschen gemessen. Dieses Protokoll führt zu einer robusten und reproduzierbaren MKS Reaktion bei Ratten, aber die Messung der Maul- und Klauenseuche in Ratten ist technisch anspruchsvoll und schwierig sein kann für andere Forscher ohne Video-Demonstration zu replizieren. Daher wird der folgende Artikel ist ein Verfahren zur nicht-invasiven Messung von FMD in brachialis und oberflächliche Oberschenkelarterien von Ratten zeigen.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="710">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="58">
			<td height="58" style="height:58px;width:203px;">Vevo 2100 High Resolution Micro-Ultrasound Imaging System</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">VisualSonics, Toronto, ON, CAN</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="77">
			<td height="77" style="height:77px;width:203px;">MicroScan Ultra-High Frequency Linear Array Transducer - MS-700 30-70 MHz</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">VisualSonics, Toronto, ON, CAN</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Vevo Imaging Station</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">VisualSonics, Toronto, ON, CAN</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Thermasonic gel warmer</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Parker Laboratories, Fairfield, NJ, USA</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">82-03</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Optional</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Signacreme electrode cream</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Parker Laboratories, Fairfield, NJ, USA</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">17-05</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Transpore surgical tape</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">3M, Maplewood, MN, USA</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">1527-1</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:203px;">Depilatory cream (e.g., Nair)</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:203px;">Cotton swabs</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:203px;">Ultrasound gel</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Standard vascular occluder, 10 mm lumen diameter</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Harvard Apparatus, Holliston, MA, USA</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">62-0115</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">10 ml syringe with Luer-Lok tip</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General Supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Used for occlusion cuff apparatus</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Paperclip</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General Supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Used for occlusion cuff apparatus</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Hypodermic needle &#8211; 18 gauge&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General Supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Used for occlusion cuff apparatus</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Medium binder clip</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General Supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Used for occlusion cuff apparatus</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

ultrasound assessment of flow-mediated dilation of the brachial and superficial femoral arteries in rats

Arterial vasodilation to increases in wall shear rate is indicative of vascular endothelial function. In humans, the non-invasive measurement of endothelial function can be achieved by employing the flow-mediated dilation technique, typically performed in the brachial or superficial femoral artery. Briefly, a blood pressure cuff placed distal to an ultrasound probe is inflated to a suprasystolic pressure, which results in limb ischemia. After 5 min of occlusion the cuff is deflated, resulting in reactive hyperemia and increases in wall shear rate that signal vasodilatory molecules to be released from the endothelium eliciting vasodilation. Despite the thousands of studies performing flow-mediated dilation in humans, surprisingly, no studies have performed this technique non-invasively in living rats. Considering the recent shift in focus to translational research, the establishment of guidelines for non-invasive measurement of flow-mediated dilation in rats and other rodents would be extremely valuable. In the following article, a protocol is presented for the non-invasive measurement of flow-mediated dilation in brachial and superficial femoral arteries of rats, as those sites are most commonly measured in humans.

Flussvermittelte Dilatation wurde auf der brachial durchgeführt und A. femoralis superficialis von 8 Wistar-Ratten. Positionierung einer Ratte wird in Abbildung 1 dargestellt. Representative Ultraschallbilder der Arteria femoralis superficialis sind in Abbildung 2 dargestellt. <img alt="Abbildung 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/54762/5476...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Ultrasound Assessment of Flow-Mediated Dilation of the Brachial and Superficial Femoral Arteries in Rats at JoVE.com

Ultrasound Assessment of Flow-Mediated Dilation of the Brachial and Superficial Femoral Arteries in Rats

Nicht-invasive Beurteilung der Endothelfunktion bei Menschen kann durch die Strömung-vermittelte Dilatation Technik bestimmt werden. Obwohl Tausende von Studien, die diese Technik verwendet haben, hat keine Studie, die diese Technik nicht-invasiv in Ratten durchgeführt. Der folgende Artikel beschreibt nicht-invasive Messung von Durchfluss-vermittelten Dilatation in brachialis und oberflächlichen Oberschenkelarterien von Ratten.

Ultraschall Beurteilung der Fluss Mediated Dilation des Brachial und Oberflächliche Femoralarterie in Ratten

Arterial vasodilation to increases in wall shear rate is indicative of vascular endothelial function. In humans, the non-invasive measurement of ...

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A Novel Application of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Imaging

A Novel Anwendung von Muskel-Skelett-Ultraschall-Bildgebung

Ultrasound is an attractive modality for imaging muscle and tendon  motion during dynamic tasks and can provide a complementary methodological  approach ...

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Diagnostic Ultrasound Imaging of Mouse Diaphragm Function

Diagnostische Ultraschall-Bildgebung der Maus Membranfunktion

Function analysis of rodent respiratory skeletal muscles, particularly the diaphragm, is commonly performed by isolating muscle strips using invasive ...

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial-Dependent Flow-Mediated Vasodilation of the Brachial Artery in Clinical Research

Ultraschall Beurteilung der Endothelial Abhängige Fluss Vasodilatation der Arteria brachialis in der klinischen Forschung

The vascular endothelium is a monolayer of cells that cover the interior of blood vessels and provide both structural and functional roles. The ...

Ultrasound Based Assessment of Coronary Artery Flow and Coronary Flow Reserve Using the Pressure Overload Model in Mice

Ultraschall Basierend Beurteilung der koronaren Herzfluss und koronare Flussreserve Mit der Drucküberlastung Modell an der Maus

Transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TTDE) is a clinically useful, noninvasive tool for studying coronary artery flow velocity and coronary flow ...

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test

Ultraschall Beurteilung der Endothelfunktion: A Technische Richtlinie der Fluss-vermittelten Dilatation-Test

Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of mortality and a major cause of disability worldwide. The dysfunction of the vascular endothelium is a ...

Evaluation of Vascular Control Mechanisms Utilizing Video Microscopy of Isolated Resistance Arteries of Rats

Bewertung der vaskulären Kontrollmechanismen Nutzung Videomikroskopie der isolierten Widerstand Arterien von Ratten

This protocol describes the use of in vitro television microscopy to evaluate vascular function in isolated cerebral resistance arteries (and other ...

A Pleural Effusion Model in Rats by Intratracheal Instillation of Polyacrylate/Nanosilica

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Pleural effusion is a prevalent clinical finding of many pulmonary diseases. Having a useful animal pleural effusion model is very important to study ...

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The video describes in detail the catheterization of the distal brachial artery in swine. This technique enables researchers to measure arterial blood ...

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The use of experimental animal models has become crucial in cardiovascular science. Most studies using rodent models are focused on two-dimensional ...

Semi-Minimal Invasive Method to Induce Myocardial Infarction in Rats and the Assessment of Cardiac Function by an Isolated Working Heart System

Semi-Minimal Invasive Methode zur Induzieren von Myokardinfarkt bei Ratten und der Beurteilung der Herzfunktion durch ein isoliertes funktionierendes Herzsystem

Myocardial infarction (MI) remains the main contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, research on this topic is mandatory. An easily ...