Name: ultrasound assessment of flow-mediated dilation of the brachial and superficial femoral arteries in rats
Uploaded: 2016-11-03T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Ultrasound Assessment of Flow-Mediated Dilation of the Brachial and Superficial Femoral Arteries in Rats at JoVE.com

All animal imaging was performed at the Small Animal Imaging Core Facility, University of Utah.
This study was funded in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health (R21 AG043952, R01 AG040297, K01 AG046326, K02 AG045339, and R01 DK100505).

Tutte le procedure sugli animali conformi alla Guida per la cura e l&#39;uso di animali da laboratorio 14 e sono stati approvati dalla University of Utah e Salt Lake City Veterans Affairs Medical Center cura degli animali e Usa. 1. Preparazione degli animali <ol><li> Posizionare animale nella camera di induzione dell&#39;anestesia contenente 3% isoflurano in ossigeno al 100%. Lasciare l&#39;animale in camera di induzione finché non risponde agli stimoli esterni. </li><li> Rimuo...

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Nel presente studio, una misurazione non invasiva della afta epizootica è stata dimostrata in brachiale e superficiali arterie femorali di ratti. Simili agli esseri umani 6, dopo un periodo di occlusione 5 min, c&#39;è stato un rapido aumento della velocità del sangue (cioè, iperemia reattiva) aumentando così velocità di taglio sulla parete arteriosa che ha portato alla successiva vasodilatazione dell&#39;arteria. Afta epizootica è stata osservata in entrambi i brachiale e le arterie femorali superfici...

L&#39;endotelio vascolare è un monostrato cellulare che riveste la lume delle arterie ed è un importante regolatore della funzione vascolare. Ci sono numerose molecole rilasciate dal endotelio che provocano modulazione del diametro del vaso sanguigno. Tra queste molecole, ossido nitrico (NO), sembra essere la molecola vasodilatatrice primario rilasciato dall&#39;endotelio vascolare in risposta alla stimolazione (ad esempio, insulina, acetilcolina, o cambiamenti nella sollecitazione di taglio) 1. Nel endotelio vascolare, NO è prodotto dall&#39;enzima NO sintetasi endoteliale (eNOS) e viene successivamente rilasciato dalle cellule endoteliali 2. Diffonde NO al muscolo liscia vascolare dove provoca il rilassamento e l&#39;aumento vaso di diametro 3. La disfunzione endoteliale può essere valutato in modo non invasivo negli esseri umani usando la dilatazione flusso-mediata (FMD) tecnica di 4,5. FMD è stato proposto per rappresentare un saggio biologico funzionale per endotelio-derivatoNO biodisponibilità negli esseri umani, ed è tipicamente valutato al brachiale o femorale superficiale in risposta ad iperemia reattiva in seguito a ~ 5 min arto occlusione 6. Iperemia reattiva aumenta le forze di taglio laminare che sono trasduzione al cellule endoteliali 7, segnalando un rilascio di NO 8. Anche se negli ultimi anni, la percentuale di vasodilatazione avviato dal rilascio di NO è stata dibattuta 9,10, l&#39;afta epizootica è indicativo della dilatazione endotelio-dipendente ed è stato costantemente dimostrato di predire gli eventi cardiovascolari 11-13. Ad oggi, migliaia di studi hanno impiegato la tecnica FMD per la misurazione non invasiva della funzione endoteliale nell&#39;uomo. Considerando il recente cambiamento di messa a fuoco per la ricerca traslazionale, le linee guida per la misurazione non invasiva di afta epizootica nei roditori sarebbe estremamente prezioso. Mantenere con un approccio traslazionale, questo protocollo è stato istituito per la misura di afta epizootica in brachiale e superficial arterie femorali di ratti, come quei siti sono più comunemente misurati negli esseri umani. Questo protocollo si traduce in un robusto e ripetibile risposta afta epizootica nei ratti, tuttavia, la misura di afta epizootica nei ratti è tecnicamente impegnativo e può essere difficile per gli altri investigatori di replicare senza video dimostrativo. Pertanto, l&#39;articolo dimostrerà un metodo per la misurazione non invasiva della FMD nel brachiale e superficiali arterie femorali di ratti.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="710">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="58">
			<td height="58" style="height:58px;width:203px;">Vevo 2100 High Resolution Micro-Ultrasound Imaging System</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">VisualSonics, Toronto, ON, CAN</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="77">
			<td height="77" style="height:77px;width:203px;">MicroScan Ultra-High Frequency Linear Array Transducer - MS-700 30-70 MHz</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">VisualSonics, Toronto, ON, CAN</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Vevo Imaging Station</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">VisualSonics, Toronto, ON, CAN</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Thermasonic gel warmer</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Parker Laboratories, Fairfield, NJ, USA</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">82-03</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Optional</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Signacreme electrode cream</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Parker Laboratories, Fairfield, NJ, USA</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">17-05</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Transpore surgical tape</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">3M, Maplewood, MN, USA</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">1527-1</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:203px;">Depilatory cream (e.g., Nair)</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:203px;">Cotton swabs</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:203px;">Ultrasound gel</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Standard vascular occluder, 10 mm lumen diameter</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Harvard Apparatus, Holliston, MA, USA</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">62-0115</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">10 ml syringe with Luer-Lok tip</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General Supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Used for occlusion cuff apparatus</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Paperclip</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General Supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Used for occlusion cuff apparatus</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Hypodermic needle &#8211; 18 gauge&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General Supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Used for occlusion cuff apparatus</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Medium binder clip</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General Supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Used for occlusion cuff apparatus</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

ultrasound assessment of flow-mediated dilation of the brachial and superficial femoral arteries in rats

Arterial vasodilation to increases in wall shear rate is indicative of vascular endothelial function. In humans, the non-invasive measurement of endothelial function can be achieved by employing the flow-mediated dilation technique, typically performed in the brachial or superficial femoral artery. Briefly, a blood pressure cuff placed distal to an ultrasound probe is inflated to a suprasystolic pressure, which results in limb ischemia. After 5 min of occlusion the cuff is deflated, resulting in reactive hyperemia and increases in wall shear rate that signal vasodilatory molecules to be released from the endothelium eliciting vasodilation. Despite the thousands of studies performing flow-mediated dilation in humans, surprisingly, no studies have performed this technique non-invasively in living rats. Considering the recent shift in focus to translational research, the establishment of guidelines for non-invasive measurement of flow-mediated dilation in rats and other rodents would be extremely valuable. In the following article, a protocol is presented for the non-invasive measurement of flow-mediated dilation in brachial and superficial femoral arteries of rats, as those sites are most commonly measured in humans.

dilatazione flusso-mediata è stata eseguita sulla brachiale e femorale superficiale di 8 ratti Wistar. Posizionamento di un ratto è mostrato in Figura 1. Immagini ecografiche rappresentative dell&#39;arteria femorale superficiale sono mostrati nella Figura 2. <img alt="Figura 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/54762/54762fig1.jpg" /> ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Ultrasound Assessment of Flow-Mediated Dilation of the Brachial and Superficial Femoral Arteries in Rats at JoVE.com

Ultrasound Assessment of Flow-Mediated Dilation of the Brachial and Superficial Femoral Arteries in Rats

valutazione non invasiva della funzione endoteliale in esseri umani può essere determinata mediante la tecnica dilatazione flusso-mediata. Anche se migliaia di studi hanno utilizzato questa tecnica, nessuno studio ha eseguito questa tecnica non invasiva nei ratti. Il seguente articolo descrive la misurazione non invasiva della dilatazione flusso-mediata nel brachiale e superficiali arterie femorali di ratti.

La valutazione ecografica della dilatazione flusso-mediata del brachiale e arterie femorali superficiali nei ratti

Arterial vasodilation to increases in wall shear rate is indicative of vascular endothelial function. In humans, the non-invasive measurement of ...

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A Novel Application of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Imaging

Una applicazione Novel di muscoloscheletrico Ultrasound Imaging

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Ecografia Valutazione della endoteliali-dipendente flusso-mediata vasodilatazione dell&#39;arteria brachiale in Ricerca Clinica

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