Name: ultrasound assessment of flow-mediated dilation of the brachial and superficial femoral arteries in rats
Uploaded: 2016-11-03T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Ultrasound Assessment of Flow-Mediated Dilation of the Brachial and Superficial Femoral Arteries in Rats at JoVE.com

All animal imaging was performed at the Small Animal Imaging Core Facility, University of Utah.
This study was funded in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health (R21 AG043952, R01 AG040297, K01 AG046326, K02 AG045339, and R01 DK100505).

Alle dyr prosedyrer dannet Guide for omsorg og bruk av forsøksdyr 14 og ble godkjent av University of Utah og Salt Lake City Veterans Affairs Medical Center Animal Care og bruk. 1. Animal Forberedelse <ol><li> Plasserer dyret i anestesi induksjon kammer inneholdende 3% isofluran i 100% oksygen. La dyret i induksjon kammer før det svarer ikke på ytre stimuli. </li><li> Ta dyret fra induksjonskammeret og legg den på et oppvarmet undersøkelse bord utstyrt med elektro (EKG) ele...

<ol>
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I denne studien ble en ikke-invasiv måling av FMD demonstrert i brachialis og overfladiske lårarteriene av rotter. Like mennesker 6, etter en 5 minutters okklusjon periode, var det en hurtig økning av blodhastigheten (dvs. reaktiv hyperemi) for derved å øke skjærhastighet på arterieveggen som resulterte i den etterfølgende vasodilatasjon av arterien. FMD ble observert i både brachialis og overfladiske lårarteriene. I tillegg var det en sterk sammenheng i FMD mellom arteriene. Selv om peak skjærhast...

Vaskulært endotel er et cellemonosjikt som linjer lumen av arterier og er en viktig regulator av vaskulær funksjon. Det er mange molekyler som frigjøres fra endotelet som resulterer i modulering av blodkar diameter. Blant disse molekylene, nitrogenoksid (NO), synes å være den primære vasodilaterende molekylet frigjort fra vaskulært endotel i respons til stimulering (for eksempel insulin, acetylkolin, eller endringer i skjærspenning) 1. I det vaskulære endotel, følges NO-produsert ved hjelp av enzymet endotelial NO-syntase (eNOS), og blir deretter frigjort fra endotelceller 2. NO diffunderer i vaskulær glatt muskulatur, hvor det forårsaker avslapning og økt kardiameteren 3. Endotelial dysfunksjon kan bestemmes ikke-invasiv hos mennesker ved hjelp av flow-mediert dilatasjon (FMD) -teknikk 4,5. FMD har vært foreslått for å representere en funksjonell bioassay for endotel-avledetNO biotilgjengelighet hos mennesker, og er vanligvis vurdert på brachialis eller overfladisk femoralis i respons til reaktiv hyperemi etter en ~ 5 min lem okklusjon 6. Reaktiv hyperemia øker laminær skjærkrefter som omsatte for endotelceller 7, signaliserer en frigjøring av NO 8. Selv om det i de senere år, har andelen av vasodilatasjon initiert av NO frigivelse vært diskutert 9,10, er FMD indikasjon på endotel-avhengige dilatasjon og har konsekvent vist seg å forutsi kardiovaskulære hendelser 11-13. Hittil har tusenvis av studier ansatt FMD teknikk for ikke-invasiv måling av endotelfunksjon hos mennesker. Tatt i betraktning den siste skifte i fokus for å translasjonell forskning, vil retningslinjer for ikke-invasiv måling av FMD i gnagere være svært verdifull. Tråd med en translasjonell tilnærming, ble denne protokollen etablert for måling av FMD i brachialis og superficial lårarteriene av rotter, som disse nettstedene er oftest målt i mennesker. Denne protokollen gir en robust og repeterbar FMD respons i rotter, er imidlertid måling av FMD i rotter teknisk krevende og kan være vanskelig for andre forskere å replikere uten video demonstrasjon. Derfor vil følgende artikkel viser en fremgangsmåte for ikke-invasiv måling av FMD i brachialis og overfladiske lårarteriene av rotter.

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		<tr height="58">
			<td height="58" style="height:58px;width:203px;">Vevo 2100 High Resolution Micro-Ultrasound Imaging System</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">VisualSonics, Toronto, ON, CAN</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="77">
			<td height="77" style="height:77px;width:203px;">MicroScan Ultra-High Frequency Linear Array Transducer - MS-700 30-70 MHz</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">VisualSonics, Toronto, ON, CAN</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Vevo Imaging Station</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">VisualSonics, Toronto, ON, CAN</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Thermasonic gel warmer</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Parker Laboratories, Fairfield, NJ, USA</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">82-03</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Optional</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Signacreme electrode cream</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Parker Laboratories, Fairfield, NJ, USA</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">17-05</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
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		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Transpore surgical tape</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">3M, Maplewood, MN, USA</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">1527-1</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:203px;">Depilatory cream (e.g., Nair)</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:203px;">Cotton swabs</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:203px;">Ultrasound gel</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Standard vascular occluder, 10 mm lumen diameter</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Harvard Apparatus, Holliston, MA, USA</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">62-0115</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">10 ml syringe with Luer-Lok tip</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General Supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Used for occlusion cuff apparatus</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Paperclip</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General Supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Used for occlusion cuff apparatus</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Hypodermic needle &#8211; 18 gauge&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General Supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Used for occlusion cuff apparatus</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Medium binder clip</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General Supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Used for occlusion cuff apparatus</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

ultrasound assessment of flow-mediated dilation of the brachial and superficial femoral arteries in rats

Arterial vasodilation to increases in wall shear rate is indicative of vascular endothelial function. In humans, the non-invasive measurement of endothelial function can be achieved by employing the flow-mediated dilation technique, typically performed in the brachial or superficial femoral artery. Briefly, a blood pressure cuff placed distal to an ultrasound probe is inflated to a suprasystolic pressure, which results in limb ischemia. After 5 min of occlusion the cuff is deflated, resulting in reactive hyperemia and increases in wall shear rate that signal vasodilatory molecules to be released from the endothelium eliciting vasodilation. Despite the thousands of studies performing flow-mediated dilation in humans, surprisingly, no studies have performed this technique non-invasively in living rats. Considering the recent shift in focus to translational research, the establishment of guidelines for non-invasive measurement of flow-mediated dilation in rats and other rodents would be extremely valuable. In the following article, a protocol is presented for the non-invasive measurement of flow-mediated dilation in brachial and superficial femoral arteries of rats, as those sites are most commonly measured in humans.

Flow-mediert dilatasjon ble utført på brachialis og overfladisk lårarterie av 8 Wistar rotter. Posisjonering av en rotte er vist i figur 1. Representative ultralydbilder fra den overfladiske lårarterien er vist i figur 2. <img alt="Figur 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/54762/54762fig1.jpg" /> Figur 1. Rat...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Ultrasound Assessment of Flow-Mediated Dilation of the Brachial and Superficial Femoral Arteries in Rats at JoVE.com

Ultrasound Assessment of Flow-Mediated Dilation of the Brachial and Superficial Femoral Arteries in Rats

Ikke-invasiv vurdering av endotelfunksjonen i mennesker kan bestemmes ved strømnings-mediert utvidelse teknikken. Selv om tusenvis av studier har brukt denne teknikken, har ingen studier utført denne teknikken ikke-invasiv hos rotter. Den følgende artikkelen beskriver ikke-invasiv måling av flow-mediert dilatasjon i brachialis og overfladiske lårarteriene av rotter.

Ultralyd Vurdering av Flow-mediert Utvidelse av Brakial og Overfladiske Femorale Arteriene på rotter

Arterial vasodilation to increases in wall shear rate is indicative of vascular endothelial function. In humans, the non-invasive measurement of ...

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