Name: ultrasound assessment of flow-mediated dilation of the brachial and superficial femoral arteries in rats
Uploaded: 2016-11-03T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Ultrasound Assessment of Flow-Mediated Dilation of the Brachial and Superficial Femoral Arteries in Rats at JoVE.com

All animal imaging was performed at the Small Animal Imaging Core Facility, University of Utah.
This study was funded in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health (R21 AG043952, R01 AG040297, K01 AG046326, K02 AG045339, and R01 DK100505).

Todos os procedimentos com animais conformes à Guia para o Cuidado e Uso de Animais de Laboratório 14 e foram aprovados pela Universidade de Utah e Salt Lake City Veterans Affairs Medical Center Animal Care e Use. 1. Preparação de animais <ol><li> Coloque o animal na câmara de indução anestésica contendo 3% de isoflurano em 100% de oxigênio. Deixar o animal na câmara de indução até que não responde a estímulos externos. </li><li> Remover o animal da câmara de ind...

<ol>
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No presente estudo, a medição não invasiva da febre aftosa foi demonstrado no braquial e femoral superficial de ratos. Semelhantes aos seres humanos 6, após um período de oclusão de 5 min, houve um rápido aumento na velocidade do sangue (isto é, hiperemia reactiva) aumentando assim a velocidade de corte na parede arterial que resultou na vasodilatação posterior da artéria. Febre aftosa foi observado em ambos os braquial e femoral superficial. Além disso, houve uma forte relação de febre aftosa e...

O endotélio vascular é uma monocamada celular que reveste o lúmen das artérias e é um importante regulador da função vascular. Existem numerosas moléculas libertadas do endotélio que resultam na modulação do diâmetro do vaso sanguíneo. Entre estas moléculas, o óxido nítrico (NO), parece ser a molécula vasodilatadora primário libertado do endotélio vascular em resposta a estímulos (por exemplo, insulina, acetilcolina, ou mudanças na tensão de corte) 1. No endotélio vascular, o NO é produzido pela enzima NO-sintase endotelial (eNOS) e é subsequentemente libertado a partir de células endoteliais 2. NO difunde-se para o músculo liso vascular, onde causa o relaxamento e aumento da embarcação diâmetro 3. A disfunção endotelial pode ser avaliada de forma não invasiva em seres humanos, utilizando a técnica de dilatação 4,5 mediada pelo fluxo (FMD). Febre aftosa foi proposta para representar de um bioensaio funcional para endotélio-derivadoBiodisponibilidade em humanos, e é normalmente avaliado em de artéria braquial ou femoral superficial em resposta à hiperemia reativa na sequência de um ~ 5 min oclusão de membro 6. Hiperemia reativa aumenta forças laminar de cisalhamento que são transduzidas para a célula endotelial 7, sinalizando a liberação de NO 8. Apesar de nos últimos anos, a proporção de vasodilatação iniciado pela libertação de NO foi debatido 9,10, febre aftosa é indicativo de dilatação dependente do endotélio e consistentemente foi demonstrado prevenir eventos cardiovasculares 11-13. Até à data, milhares de estudos têm utilizado a técnica da febre aftosa para medição não invasiva da função endotelial em humanos. Considerando a recente mudança de foco para pesquisa translacional, diretrizes para a medição não invasiva da febre aftosa em roedores seria extremamente valioso. Mantendo-se com uma abordagem translacional, este protocolo foi estabelecido para a medição de febre aftosa em braquial e supeartérias femorais rficial de ratos, como esses sites são mais comumente medida em seres humanos. Este protocolo resulta em uma resposta robusta e reproduzível febre aftosa em ratos, no entanto, a medição da febre aftosa em ratos é tecnicamente exigente e pode ser difícil para outros pesquisadores para replicar sem demonstração em vídeo. Portanto, o seguinte artigo irá demonstrar um método para a medição não invasiva da febre aftosa no braquial e femoral superficial de ratos.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="710">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="58">
			<td height="58" style="height:58px;width:203px;">Vevo 2100 High Resolution Micro-Ultrasound Imaging System</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">VisualSonics, Toronto, ON, CAN</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="77">
			<td height="77" style="height:77px;width:203px;">MicroScan Ultra-High Frequency Linear Array Transducer - MS-700 30-70 MHz</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">VisualSonics, Toronto, ON, CAN</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Vevo Imaging Station</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">VisualSonics, Toronto, ON, CAN</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Thermasonic gel warmer</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Parker Laboratories, Fairfield, NJ, USA</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">82-03</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Optional</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Signacreme electrode cream</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Parker Laboratories, Fairfield, NJ, USA</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">17-05</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Transpore surgical tape</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">3M, Maplewood, MN, USA</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">1527-1</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:203px;">Depilatory cream (e.g., Nair)</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:203px;">Cotton swabs</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:203px;">Ultrasound gel</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Standard vascular occluder, 10 mm lumen diameter</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Harvard Apparatus, Holliston, MA, USA</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">62-0115</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">10 ml syringe with Luer-Lok tip</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General Supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Used for occlusion cuff apparatus</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Paperclip</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General Supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Used for occlusion cuff apparatus</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Hypodermic needle &#8211; 18 gauge&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General Supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Used for occlusion cuff apparatus</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Medium binder clip</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General Supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Used for occlusion cuff apparatus</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

ultrasound assessment of flow-mediated dilation of the brachial and superficial femoral arteries in rats

Arterial vasodilation to increases in wall shear rate is indicative of vascular endothelial function. In humans, the non-invasive measurement of endothelial function can be achieved by employing the flow-mediated dilation technique, typically performed in the brachial or superficial femoral artery. Briefly, a blood pressure cuff placed distal to an ultrasound probe is inflated to a suprasystolic pressure, which results in limb ischemia. After 5 min of occlusion the cuff is deflated, resulting in reactive hyperemia and increases in wall shear rate that signal vasodilatory molecules to be released from the endothelium eliciting vasodilation. Despite the thousands of studies performing flow-mediated dilation in humans, surprisingly, no studies have performed this technique non-invasively in living rats. Considering the recent shift in focus to translational research, the establishment of guidelines for non-invasive measurement of flow-mediated dilation in rats and other rodents would be extremely valuable. In the following article, a protocol is presented for the non-invasive measurement of flow-mediated dilation in brachial and superficial femoral arteries of rats, as those sites are most commonly measured in humans.

dilatação mediada por fluxo foi realizada no braquial e artéria femoral superficial de 8 ratos Wistar. Posicionamento de um rato é mostrada na Figura 1. Imagens de ultra-sons representativos da artéria femoral superficial são mostrados na Figura 2. <img alt="figura 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/54762/54762fig1.jpg" /> <strong...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Ultrasound Assessment of Flow-Mediated Dilation of the Brachial and Superficial Femoral Arteries in Rats at JoVE.com

Ultrasound Assessment of Flow-Mediated Dilation of the Brachial and Superficial Femoral Arteries in Rats

avaliação não-invasiva da função endotelial em humanos pode ser determinado pela técnica de dilatação mediada pelo fluxo. Apesar de milhares de estudos têm utilizado esta técnica, nenhum estudo realizado esta técnica não-invasiva em ratos. O seguinte artigo descreve a medição não invasiva de dilatação mediada pelo fluxo no braquial e artérias femorais superficiais de ratos.

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