Name: ultrasound assessment of flow-mediated dilation of the brachial and superficial femoral arteries in rats
Uploaded: 2016-11-03T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Ultrasound Assessment of Flow-Mediated Dilation of the Brachial and Superficial Femoral Arteries in Rats at JoVE.com

All animal imaging was performed at the Small Animal Imaging Core Facility, University of Utah.
This study was funded in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health (R21 AG043952, R01 AG040297, K01 AG046326, K02 AG045339, and R01 DK100505).

Alla djurförsök överensstämde med handledningen för vård och användning av försöksdjur 14 och godkändes av University of Utah och Salt Lake City Veterans Affairs Medical Center Animal Care och användning. 1. Animaliska Beredning <ol><li> Placera djur i anestesi induktion kammare som innehåller 3% isofluran i 100% syre. Lämna djuret i induktionskammaren tills den inte svarar på yttre stimuli. </li><li> Ta bort djuret från induktionskammare och placera den på en up...

<ol>
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I föreliggande studie, var en icke-invasiv mätning av mul- och klövsjuka påvisats i brachialis och ytliga lårbensartärer från råtta. Lika människor 6, efter en 5 min ocklusion perioden fanns det en snabb ökning av blodhastigheten (dvs reaktiv hyperemi) och därigenom öka skjuvhastighet på artärväggen som resulterade i den efterföljande vasodilation av artären. MKS observerades i både brachialis och ytliga lårbensartärerna. Dessutom fanns det en stark relation i mul- och klövsjuka mellan ar...

Det vaskulära endotelet är ett cellulärt monolager som linjer lumen av blodkärlen och är en viktig regulator av vaskulär funktion. Det finns många molekyler som frigörs från endotelet som resulterar i modulering av blodkärl diameter. Bland dessa molekyler, kväveoxid (NO), synes vara den primära vasodilaterande molekylen frisätts från det vaskulära endotelet som svar på stimulering (t.ex., insulin, acetylkolin, eller förändringar i skjuvspänning) 1. I kärlendotel är NO som produceras av enzymet endotelceller NO-syntas (eNOS) och därefter befrias från endotelceller 2. NEJ diffunderar till den vaskulära glatta muskulaturen där det orsakar avslappning och ökad kärldiametern 3. Endoteldysfunktion kan bedömas icke-invasivt i människor som använder flödesmedierad dilatation (FMD) teknik 4,5 den. Mul- och klövsjuka har föreslagits för att representera en funktionell bioanalys för endotelhärleddNO biotillgänglighet hos människor, och är normalt bedöms på brachialis eller ytliga lårbensartären som svar på reaktiv hyperemi efter en ~ 5 min lem ocklusion 6. Reaktiv hyperemi ökar laminärt skjuvkrafter som är omvandlade till endotelceller 7, vilket signalerar en frisättning av NO 8. Även under de senaste åren, har andelen vasodilation initierats av NO-frisättning har diskuterats 9,10, är mul- och klövsjuka som indikerar endotelberoende utvidgning och har genomgående visat sig förutsäga kardiovaskulära händelser 11-13. Hittills har tusentals studier användes FMD teknik för icke-invasiv mätning av endotelfunktion hos människor. Med tanke på den senaste tidens förskjutning i fokus för translationell forskning, skulle riktlinjer för icke-invasiv mätning av mul- och klövsjuka i gnagare vara oerhört värdefullt. Att hålla med en translationell tillvägagångssätt, var detta protokoll som upprättades för mätning av mul- och klövsjuka i brachialis och superficial lårbensartärerna hos råttor, som dessa platser är oftast mäts i människor. Detta protokoll resulterar i en robust och repeterbar mul- och klövsjuka svar hos råttor är dock mätning av mul- och klövsjuka hos råttor tekniskt krävande och kan vara svårt för andra forskare att replikera utan video demonstration. Därför kommer följande artikeln visar en metod för icke-invasiv mätning av mul- och klövsjuka i brachialis och ytliga lårbensartärer hos råttor.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="710">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="58">
			<td height="58" style="height:58px;width:203px;">Vevo 2100 High Resolution Micro-Ultrasound Imaging System</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">VisualSonics, Toronto, ON, CAN</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="77">
			<td height="77" style="height:77px;width:203px;">MicroScan Ultra-High Frequency Linear Array Transducer - MS-700 30-70 MHz</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">VisualSonics, Toronto, ON, CAN</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Vevo Imaging Station</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">VisualSonics, Toronto, ON, CAN</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Thermasonic gel warmer</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Parker Laboratories, Fairfield, NJ, USA</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">82-03</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Optional</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Signacreme electrode cream</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Parker Laboratories, Fairfield, NJ, USA</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">17-05</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Transpore surgical tape</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">3M, Maplewood, MN, USA</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">1527-1</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:203px;">Depilatory cream (e.g., Nair)</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:203px;">Cotton swabs</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:203px;">Ultrasound gel</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Standard vascular occluder, 10 mm lumen diameter</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Harvard Apparatus, Holliston, MA, USA</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">62-0115</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">10 ml syringe with Luer-Lok tip</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General Supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Used for occlusion cuff apparatus</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Paperclip</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General Supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Used for occlusion cuff apparatus</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Hypodermic needle &#8211; 18 gauge&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General Supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Used for occlusion cuff apparatus</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:203px;">Medium binder clip</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">General Supply</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Used for occlusion cuff apparatus</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

ultrasound assessment of flow-mediated dilation of the brachial and superficial femoral arteries in rats

Arterial vasodilation to increases in wall shear rate is indicative of vascular endothelial function. In humans, the non-invasive measurement of endothelial function can be achieved by employing the flow-mediated dilation technique, typically performed in the brachial or superficial femoral artery. Briefly, a blood pressure cuff placed distal to an ultrasound probe is inflated to a suprasystolic pressure, which results in limb ischemia. After 5 min of occlusion the cuff is deflated, resulting in reactive hyperemia and increases in wall shear rate that signal vasodilatory molecules to be released from the endothelium eliciting vasodilation. Despite the thousands of studies performing flow-mediated dilation in humans, surprisingly, no studies have performed this technique non-invasively in living rats. Considering the recent shift in focus to translational research, the establishment of guidelines for non-invasive measurement of flow-mediated dilation in rats and other rodents would be extremely valuable. In the following article, a protocol is presented for the non-invasive measurement of flow-mediated dilation in brachial and superficial femoral arteries of rats, as those sites are most commonly measured in humans.

Flow-medierad utvidgning utfördes på brachialis och ytliga lårbensartären av 8 Wistar råttor. Positionering av en råtta visas i figur 1. Representativa ultraljudsbilder av den ytliga lårbensartären visas i figur 2. <img alt="Figur 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/54762/54762fig1.jpg" /> Figur 1. Rat oc...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Ultrasound Assessment of Flow-Mediated Dilation of the Brachial and Superficial Femoral Arteries in Rats at JoVE.com

Ultrasound Assessment of Flow-Mediated Dilation of the Brachial and Superficial Femoral Arteries in Rats

Icke-invasiv bedömning av endotelfunktion hos människor kan bestämmas genom flödesmedierad dilatation teknik. Trots att tusentals studier har använt denna teknik, har ingen studie utförd denna teknik icke-invasivt i råttor. Följande artikel beskriver icke-invasiv mätning av flödesmedierad utvidgning i brachialis och ytliga lårbensartärer hos råttor.

Ultraljud Bedömning av Flow-medierad Dilation av Brachial och ytliga lårbensartärerna hos råttor

Arterial vasodilation to increases in wall shear rate is indicative of vascular endothelial function. In humans, the non-invasive measurement of ...

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Myocardial infarction (MI) remains the main contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, research on this topic is mandatory. An easily ...