Name: three-dimensional super resolution microscopy of f-actin filaments by interferometric photoactivated localization microscopy (ipalm)
Uploaded: 2016-12-01T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Three-dimensional Super Resolution Microscopy of F-actin Filaments by Interferometric PhotoActivated Localization Microscopy iPALM at JoVE.com

YW和PK非常感谢来自新加坡国家研究基金会，授予PK（NRF-NRFF-2011-04和NRF2012NRF-CRP001-084）的资金支持。我们也感谢对基础设施的支持MBI开放实验室，显微镜的核心设施。

1.成像试样制备<ol><li>因为背景的荧光信号与来自荧光团标签荧光干扰，通过在去离子水漂洗它们（DDH 2 O的），然后使用压缩空气空气干燥它们清洗盖玻片。接着，在等离子体清洁器执行等离子体蚀刻15秒，或更长的时间，如果必要的。 </li><li>为使漂移校正和iPALM校准，使用＃1.5圆（22毫米直径）嵌入荧光纳米粒子作为基准标记，供应可靠校准和漂移校正的高度光基准预清洁盖玻片。由?...

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iPALM的光学系统是基于一个4π双相对目标设计， 如图1A所示 。设置同时使用定制加工和商业光学机械部件构成，如表 1中所述前面23和列出。除了我们的设置中，霍华德休斯医学研究所（HHMI）举办一个系统，是在高级影像中心，科学界在珍利亚农场研究园区访问。对于整个机械图纸，控制原理图和软件，我们鼓励读者在HHMI与哈拉尔赫斯询问进一步的?...

复杂的细胞结构的可视化一直是不可或缺的生物的见解和发现。虽然荧光显微镜可以形象细胞高分子特异性，其分辨能力被衍射限定在图像平面〜200纳米（X，Y，或横向尺寸）和&gt; 500nm的沿着光轴（z或轴向尺寸） 1,2。因此，超微结构特征观察历来限于电子显微镜（EM）。幸运的是，最近的超分辨率显微镜的发展已经绕过这个限制，使得在10空间分辨率- 100纳米范围1-6。具体地，超分辨率方法的基础上的单分子的定位，由缩略词如PALM（光敏定位显微镜）4，FPALM（荧光光敏定位显微镜） 图5（d）风暴（直接随机光学重构显微术）6,7，涂料（已知宝成像纳米形貌）8 INT积累，GSDIM（基态耗尽显微术，随后由个别分子返程）9，或SMACM（单分子有源控制显微镜）10，以及它们的3维（3D）实现方式中，如干涉PALM（iPALM）11或3D风暴12日 ，在揭示新的见解无数的生物结构的纳米级组织，包括神经元轴突已经有价值和突触13，粘着斑14,15，细胞间的连接处16，核孔17和中心体18-20，仅举几例。 在这超分辨率显微镜是潜在有用的细胞超微结构的另一个特点是肌动蛋白骨架。丝状（F）肌动蛋白在细胞皮质复杂小梁在细胞形状和机械性能21的控制中起重要作用。该组织为OF F肌动蛋白积极并动态调节尽管这强烈地影响聚合，交联，周转率，稳定性，和网络拓扑22众多调节蛋白。然而，尽管F-肌动蛋白小梁结构的特征为机械见解重要成不同范围的细胞过程中，小尺寸（〜8纳米）的f微丝阻碍通过常规衍射限制光镜的观察;因此，肌动蛋白的精细结构的可视化迄今完全由EM执行。在这里，我们描述了可视化的贴壁哺乳动物细胞中的F-肌动蛋白细胞骨架，使用iPALM超分辨率显微镜技术，以利用其精度非常高的能力，在3D 11,23协议。虽然iPALM仪器高度专业化，对设立这样一台仪器指令已经描述了最近23，同时获得由何主办的iPALM显微镜病房休斯医学研究所也已提供给以最小的成本研究团体。此外，本文描述的样品制备方法是直接适用于替代三维超分辨率方法中，如根据点扩散函数（PSF）的象散散焦那些12或双平面检测24，这是更广泛地可用。 我们注意到，在一般的基于定位单分子超分辨率显微镜的必要成分是光开关荧光团25，其允许基于本地化单分子超分辨率显微镜三个重要的要求必须满足：ⅰ）高的单分子亮度和对比度相对于背景信号; II）在给定的图像帧单分子分布稀疏;和iii）高贴标足以捕获底层结构（也称为奈奎斯特沙的轮廓空间密度n非取样标准）26。因此，对于满意的结果，应强调同样在两个试样的适当准备放置优化荧光光控和维护底层超微结构，以及在实验的仪器和采集方面。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>optical table</td>
			<td>Newport, CA&#160;</td>
			<td>RS4000</td>
			<td>iPALM, installed on 4 Newport Stabilizer vibration isolators&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>vibration isolator for optical table</td>
			<td>Newport, CA&#160;</td>
			<td>S-2000&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>laser-642</td>
			<td>Newport, CA&#160;</td>
			<td>1185055</td>
			<td>output power=100mw</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>laser-561</td>
			<td>Newport, CA&#160;</td>
			<td>1168931</td>
			<td>output power=200mw</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>laser-488</td>
			<td>Newport, CA&#160;</td>
			<td>1137970</td>
			<td>output power=200mw</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>laser-405</td>
			<td>Newport, CA&#160;</td>
			<td>1142279</td>
			<td>output power=100mw</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>broadband dielectric mirrors&#160;</td>
			<td>Thorlabs, NJ</td>
			<td>BB1-E02</td>
			<td>laser combiner</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>dichroic beamsplitter&#160;</td>
			<td>Semrock, NY</td>
			<td>LM01-427-25</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>acousto-optic tunable filter&#160;</td>
			<td>AA Opto-Electronic, France</td>
			<td>AOTFnC-VIS-TN</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Linear polarizer</td>
			<td>Newport, CA&#160;</td>
			<td>05LP-VIS-B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>baseplate</td>
			<td>local workshop</td>
			<td>customized</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>turning mirror (22.5&#176;)</td>
			<td>Reynard Corpporation, CA</td>
			<td>customized</td>
			<td>22.5&#176; mirror</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>motorized optic mounts&#160;</td>
			<td>New Focus, CA</td>
			<td>8816</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>motorized XYZ translation stage</td>
			<td>Thorlabs, NJ</td>
			<td>MT3/M-Z6</td>
			<td>sample holder</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>T-Cube DC servo motor controller</td>
			<td>Thorlabs, NJ</td>
			<td>TDC001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Piezo Phase Shifter</td>
			<td>Physik Instrumente, Germany</td>
			<td>S-303.CD</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>objective lens</td>
			<td>Nikon, Japan</td>
			<td>MRD01691</td>
			<td>objective. Apo TIRF 60X/1.49oil</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>translation stage</td>
			<td>New Focus, CA</td>
			<td>9062-COM-M</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pico Motor Actuator</td>
			<td>New Focus, CA</td>
			<td>8301</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>rotary Solenoid/Shutter</td>
			<td>DACO Instruments, CT</td>
			<td>5423-458</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3-way beam splitter</td>
			<td>Rocky Mountain Instruments, CO</td>
			<td>customized</td>
			<td>beamsplitter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Piezo Z/Tip/Tilt scanner</td>
			<td>Physik Instrumente, Germany</td>
			<td>S-316.10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>motorized five-axis tilt aligner&#160;</td>
			<td>New Focus, CA</td>
			<td>8081</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Picmotor ethernet controller</td>
			<td>New Focus, CA</td>
			<td>8752</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Piezo controllers/amplifier/digital operation module</td>
			<td>Physik Instrumente, Germany</td>
			<td>E-509/E-503/E-517</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>band-pass filter</td>
			<td>Semrock, NY</td>
			<td>FF01-523/20</td>
			<td>filters</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>band-pass filter</td>
			<td>Semrock, NY</td>
			<td>FF01-588/21</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>band-pass filter</td>
			<td>Semrock, NY</td>
			<td>FF01-607/30</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>band-pass filter</td>
			<td>Semrock, NY</td>
			<td>FF01-676/37</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>notch filter</td>
			<td>Semrock, NY</td>
			<td>NF01-405/488/561/635</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>motorized filter wheel with controllter</td>
			<td>Thorlabs, NJ</td>
			<td>FW103H</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EMCCD</td>
			<td>Andor, UK&#160;</td>
			<td>DU-897U-CSO-#BV</td>
			<td>3 sets</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Desktop computers for controlling cameras and synchronization</td>
			<td>Dell</td>
			<td>Precision T3500</td>
			<td>PC, 4 sets</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>coverslips with fiducial</td>
			<td>Hestzig, VA</td>
			<td>600-100AuF</td>
			<td>sample preparation. fiducial marks with various density and spectra&#160; available</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>fibronectin&#160;</td>
			<td>Millipore, MT</td>
			<td>FC010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>Electron Microscopy Sciences, PA</td>
			<td>15710</td>
			<td>fixation. 16%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>glutaraldehyde&#160;</td>
			<td>Electron Microscopy Sciences, PA</td>
			<td>16220</td>
			<td>25%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>triton X-100</td>
			<td>Sigma aldrich, MO</td>
			<td>T8787</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HUVEC cells</td>
			<td>Life Technologies, CA</td>
			<td>C-015-10C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Medium 200</td>
			<td>Life Technologies, CA</td>
			<td>M-200-500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Large Vessel Endothelial Factors</td>
			<td>Life Technologies, CA</td>
			<td>A14608-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dulbecco&#39;s Phosphate Buffered Saline</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>14190367</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pennicillin/Streptomycin</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>15140122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypsin/EDTA</td>
			<td>Life Technologies, CA</td>
			<td>25200056</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PIPES</td>
			<td>Sigma aldrich, MO</td>
			<td>P1851</td>
			<td>PHEM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HEPES</td>
			<td>1st base, Malaysia</td>
			<td>BIO-1825</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EGTA</td>
			<td>Sigma aldrich, MO</td>
			<td>E3889</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MgCl2</td>
			<td>Millipore, MT</td>
			<td>5985</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#160;Alexa Fluor 647 Phalloidin</td>
			<td>Invitrogen, CA</td>
			<td>A22287</td>
			<td>staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>sodium borohydride (NaBH4)&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma aldrich, MO</td>
			<td>480886</td>
			<td>quenching</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>glucose</td>
			<td>1st base, Malaysia</td>
			<td>BIO-1101</td>
			<td>imaging buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>glucose oxidase</td>
			<td>Sigma aldrich, MO</td>
			<td>G2133</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>catalase</td>
			<td>Sigma aldrich, MO</td>
			<td>C9322</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>cysteamine&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma aldrich, MO</td>
			<td>30070</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Epoxy</td>
			<td>Thorlabs, NJ</td>
			<td>G14250</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>vaseline</td>
			<td>Sigma aldrich, MO</td>
			<td>16415</td>
			<td>sample sealing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>lanolin</td>
			<td>Sigma aldrich, MO</td>
			<td>L7387</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>parafin wax</td>
			<td>Sigma aldrich, MO</td>
			<td>327204</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Immersion oil&#160;</td>
			<td>Electron Microscopy Sciences, PA</td>
			<td>16915-04</td>
			<td>imaging. Cargille Type HF</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

three-dimensional super resolution microscopy of f-actin filaments by interferometric photoactivated localization microscopy (ipalm)

荧光显微镜使细胞内的特定生物分子的直接可视化。但是，对于以往的荧光显微镜，空间分辨率由衍射图像平面和&gt; 500nm的沿着光轴内限制为〜200纳米。其结果是，荧光显微镜早已严重中的超微结构特征的细胞内观察的限制。最近的超分辨率显微镜方法发展克服了这一限制。特别是，光开关的荧光团的到来使基于与定位超分辨率显微镜，其提供接近分子长度尺度的分辨率。在这里，我们描述了基于单分子定位显微镜和多相干涉三维超高分辨率显微镜方法，称为干涉光敏定位显微镜（iPALM）的应用程序。这种方法提供了几乎各向同性分辨率为20nm顺序在所有三个维度。可视化丝状肌动蛋白骨架，其中包括iPALM仪器的样品制备和操作方案，如下所述。这些协议也容易适应，并启发对其他超微结构细胞研究。

对于iPALM关键要求是对准，配准，并且光学系统的校准。这些是必要的，以确保3路分束器位于必要的适当的干扰为z坐标萃取。要启用连续监测，荧光不断的点源是必要的。这可以通过使用荧光Au或双金属纳米粒子23的光致发光从局域型表面等离子体共振（LSPR）出现而实现。它们作为在照明用的稳定的单偶极子和通常可以用5本地化 - 10纳米的精度。这些可商购的纳?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Three-dimensional Super Resolution Microscopy of F-actin Filaments by Interferometric PhotoActivated Localization Microscopy iPALM at JoVE.com

Three-dimensional Super Resolution Microscopy of F-actin Filaments by Interferometric PhotoActivated Localization Microscopy iPALM

我们提出了一个协议，用于干涉式光活化的定位显微镜（iPALM），3维单分子定位超分辨率显微镜方法的应用，以便在贴壁哺乳动物细胞的肌动蛋白细胞骨架的成像。这种方法允许的纳米结构特征，否则将通过常规的衍射限制的光学显微镜仍未解决基于光的可视化。

三维超F-微丝高分辨率显微镜通过干涉光敏定位显微镜（iPALM）

Fluorescence microscopy enables direct visualization of specific biomolecules within cells. However, for conventional fluorescence microscopy, the spatial ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Three-dimensional Super Resolution Microscopy of F-actin Filaments by Interferometric PhotoActivated Localization Microscopy (iPALM)

Live Cell Imaging of F-actin Dynamics via Fluorescent Speckle Microscopy (FSM)

Live Cell Imaging of F-actin Dynamics via Fluorescent Speckle Microscopy FSM

F - actin的动力学通过荧光活细胞成像斑点显微镜（密克罗尼西亚）

In this protocol we describe the use of Fluorescent Speckle Microscopy (FSM) to capture high-resolution images of actin dynamics in PtK1 cells. A unique ...

科研

生物学

Nano-fEM: Protein Localization Using Photo-activated Localization Microscopy and Electron Microscopy

纳米有限元分析：蛋白质定位的光激活定位显微镜和电子显微镜

Mapping the distribution of proteins is essential for understanding the function of proteins in a cell. Fluorescence microscopy is extensively used for ...

Test Samples for Optimizing STORM Super-Resolution Microscopy

试验样品为优化风暴超高分辨率显微镜

STORM is a recently developed super-resolution microscopy technique with up to 10 times better resolution than standard fluorescence microscopy ...

Sample Preparation for Single Virion Atomic Force Microscopy and Super-resolution Fluorescence Imaging

单病毒原子力显微镜和超分辨率荧光成像的样品制备

Immobilization of virions to glass surfaces is a critical step in single virion imaging. Here we present a technique&#160;adopted from single molecule ...

Super-resolution Imaging of the Cytokinetic Z Ring in Live Bacteria Using Fast 3D-Structured Illumination Microscopy (f3D-SIM)

Super-resolution Imaging of the Cytokinetic Z Ring in Live Bacteria Using Fast 3D-Structured Illumination Microscopy f3D-SIM

在Cytokineticž圈的活细菌超分辨率成像使用快速三维结构照明显微镜（F3D-SIM卡）

Imaging of biological samples using fluorescence microscopy has advanced substantially with new technologies to overcome the resolution barrier of the ...

In vivo Clonal Tracking of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Marked by Five Fluorescent Proteins using Confocal and Multiphoton Microscopy

In vivo Clonal Tracking of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Marked by Five Fluorescent Proteins using Confocal and Multiphoton Microscopy

We developed and validated a fluorescent marking methodology for clonal tracking of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) with high spatial and ...

In Vivo 4-Dimensional Tracking of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adult Mouse Calvarial Bone Marrow

In Vivo 4-Dimensional Tracking of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adult Mouse Calvarial Bone Marrow

在造血干细胞和祖细胞的成年小鼠颅骨骨髓体内四维跟踪

Through a delicate balance between quiescence and proliferation, self renewal and production of differentiated progeny, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) ...

Open-source Single-particle Analysis for Super-resolution Microscopy with VirusMapper

与VirusMapper超分辨率显微镜开源单粒子分析

Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy is currently revolutionizing cell biology research. Its capacity to break the resolution limit of around 300 nm ...

Application of High-speed Super-resolution SPEED Microscopy in Live Primary Cilium

高速超分辨速度显微镜在活原纤毛中的应用

The primary cilium is a microtubule-based protrusion on the surface of many eukaryotic cells and contains a unique complement of proteins that function ...

Biological Sample Preparation by High-pressure Freezing, Microwave-assisted Contrast Enhancement, and Minimal Resin Embedding for Volume Imaging

高压冷冻、微波辅助对比度增强和最小树脂嵌入在体积成像中的生物样品制备

The described sample preparation technique is designed to combine the best quality of ultrastructural preservation with the most suitable contrast for the ...