Name: preparation and in vitro characterization of dendrimer-based contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging
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Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparation and In Vitro Characterization of Dendrimer-based Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging at JoVE.com

The financial support of the Max-Planck Society, the Turkish Ministry of National Education (PhD fellowship to S. G.), and the German Exchange Academic Service (DAAD, PhD fellowship to T. S.) are gratefully acknowledged.

DCAの調製<ol><li> モノマー単位4 6の合成。 <ol><li> 4-の合成（4-ニトロフェニル）-2-（4,7,10-トリス- ターシャ -butoxycarbonylmethyl-1,4,7,10--tetraazacyclododec -1-イル）酪酸tert-ブチルエステル（2）。 <ol><li> （4,7-ビス- ターシャの -butoxycarbonylmethyl-1,4,7,10-テトラアザ- cyclododec -1-イル） -酢酸tert-ブチルエステル1（1.00 gであり...

<ol>
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デンドリマーのMRI造影剤の調製は、モノマー単位の適切な選択を必要とする（ すなわち、Gdのためのキレート剤（III））。彼らは、この常磁性イオンの毒性を低減し、これまでに、非環式の多種多様な大環状キレート剤は、この目的の1-3を果たします。これらの中で、大環状DOTA型キレート剤は、最も高い熱力学的安定性及び速度論的不活性を有し、従って、不活性なMRI造影剤<...

磁気共鳴イメージング（MRI）は、その非侵襲的性質と優れた固有の軟組織のコントラストに広く生物医学研究および臨床診断に使用される強力な非イオン化イメージング技術です。最も一般的に使用されるMRI法は、水信号の密度の差に基づいて組織内の高解像度画像と詳細情報を提供し、水のプロトンから得られる信号を利用します。信号強度およびMRI実験の特異性は、さらに、造影剤（CAを）使用して向上させることができます。これらは、それぞれ、長手方向（T 1）と横方向（T 2）緩和時間に影響を与える常磁性または超常種、1,2です。 ポリアミノポリカルボン酸リガンドとランタニドイオンのガドリニウム錯体は、最も一般的に用いられるT 1のCAです。ガドリニウム（III）は、T 1緩和を短縮します水プロトンの時間、従ってMRI実験3における信号のコントラストを増加させます。しかし、イオンガドリニウムは有毒です。そのサイズは、カルシウム（II）のことを近似し、それが真剣に細胞内のカルシウム補助シグナル伝達に影響を与えます。したがって、非環状および大環状キレートは、この毒性を中和するために使用されます。様々な多座配位子は、高い熱力学的安定性と運動不活性1とガドリニウム（III）錯体が得られ、これまでに開発されてきました。特に12員azamacrocycleシクレン、そのテトラ派生DOTA（1,4,7,10-テトラアザシクロドデカン1,4,7,10-四酢酸）に基づくものは、ほとんど調査され、このCAクラスの複合体を適用しています。 それにもかかわらず、GdDOTA型CAは、このような低コントラスト効率および高速腎排泄のようなある種の欠点を表示する、低分子量のシステムです。高分子および多価CAは、これらの問題4への良好な溶液であってもよいです。 CA biodistribuので、ションは、主にそのサイズによって決定され、高分子CAは組織内はるかに長い保持時間を表示します。実質的に収集されたMR信号と測定品質を向上させる、モノマーMRプローブ（ 例えば、GdDOTA複合体）の増加した局所濃度におけるこれらの薬剤の結果の多価性、同様に重要。 デンドリマーは、MRI 4,5のための多価CAの製造のための最も好ましい足場中にあります。明確に定義されたサイズを有するこれらの高度に分岐した巨大分子は、その表面上の様々なカップリング反応を受けやすいです。本研究では、第4世代（G4）は、ポリ（アミドアミン）GdDOTAのようなキレート（DCA）に結合された（PAMAM）デンドリマーからなるMRI用デンドリマーCAの準備、精製、および特徴付けを報告します。我々は、反応性DOTA誘導体の合成とPAMAMデンドリマーへの結合について説明します。 Gd（III）、標準的な物理化学的特性評価との複合体形成時に。手順DCAの再実施しました。最後に、MRI実験は、低分子量のCAから得られるものよりも強いコントラストでMR画像を生成するDCAの能力を実証するために行きました。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="921">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Cyclen</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">CheMatech</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">C002</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">tert-Butyl bromoacetate&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Alfa Aesar</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">A14917</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">N,N-Dimethylformamide</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Fluka</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">40248</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Potassium carbonate</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">209619</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">4-(4-Nitrophenyl)butryic acid</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">335339</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:251px;">Thionyl chloride&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Acros Organics</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">382662500</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">Note: Corrosive substance; toxic if inhaled</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:251px;">Bromine</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Acros Organics</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">402841000</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">Note: causes severe skin burns, fatal if inhaled&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Diethyl ether</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">any source</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Sodium sulphate</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Acros Organics</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">196640010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Chloroform&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">VWR Chemicals</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">22711.29</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:251px;">tert-Butyl 2,2,2-trichloroacetimidate</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">364789</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">Note: flammable substance; irritrant to skin and eyes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="67">
			<td height="67" style="height:67px;width:251px;">Boron trifluoride etherate</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Acros Organics</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">174560250</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">48 % BF3. Note: Flammable substance; causes skin burns, fatal if inhaled&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Sodium bicarbonate</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Acros Organics</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">424270010</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Ethyl-acetate</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">any source</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td>For column chromatography</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">n-Hexane</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">any source</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td>For column chromatography</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:251px;">Bulb-to-bulb (Kugelrohr) distillation apparatus</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">B&#252;chi</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td>Model type: Glass oven B-585</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Silicagel</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Carl Roth GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">P090.2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Methanol</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">any source</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td>For column chromatography</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Dichloromethane&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">any source</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td>For column chromatography</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Ethanol</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">VWR Chemicals</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">20821.296</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Ammonia</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Acros Organics</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">428381000</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">7N Solution in Methanol</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Palladium&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">643181</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">15 % wet</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Hydrogenation apparatus PARR</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">PARR Instrument Company</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Celite 503</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">22151</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Sintered glass funnel</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">any source</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Thiophosgen</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">115150</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">Note: irritrant to skin; toxic if inhaled</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Triethylamine</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Alfa Aesar</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">A12646</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Dichloromethane&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Acros Organics</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">348460010</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">Extra dry&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Magnetic stirrer</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">any source</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">PAMAM G4 Dendrimer</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Andrews ChemService</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">AuCS - 297</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">&#160;10 % wt. solution in MeOH</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Lipophylic Sephadex LH-20</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">LH20100</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Thin-layer chromatography plates</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Merck Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">1.05554.0001</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Formic acid</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">VWR Chemicals</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">20318.297</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Lophylizer&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">any source</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:251px;">Gadollinium(III) chloride hexahydrate</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">G7532</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Sodium hydroxide</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Acros Organics</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">134070010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">pH meter</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">any source</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:251px;">Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt dihydrate</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">E5134</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Mass spectrometer (ESI)</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Agilent</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td>Ion trap SL 1100&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Acetate buffer</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">any source</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td>pH 5.8</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Xylenol orange</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">52097</td>
			<td>20 &#956;M in acetate buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Hydrophylic Sephadex G-15</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">GE Healthcare</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">17-0020-01</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:251px;">Amicon Ultra-15 Centrifugal Filter Unit</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Merck Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">UFC900324</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">Ultracel-3 membrane (MWCO 3000)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Centrifuge</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">any source</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">NMR spectrometer&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Bruker</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td style="width:259px;">Avance III 300 MHz</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Topspin</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Bruker</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td style="width:259px;">version 2.1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Combustion analysis instrument</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">EuroVector SpA</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td style="width:259px;">EuroEA 3000 Elemental Analyser&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">MALDI-ToF MS instrument</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Applied Biosystems</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td style="width:259px;">Voyager-STR</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Deuteriumoxid</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Carl Roth GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">6672.3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">tert-Butyl alcohol</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Carl Roth GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">AE16.1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Vortex mixer</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">any source</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Norell NMR tubes</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Deutero GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">507-HP-7</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">NMR coaxial tube</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Deutero GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">coaxialb-5-7</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">DLS instrument</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Malvern</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td style="width:259px;">Zetasizer Nano ZS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">0.20 &#956;m PTFE filter&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Carl Roth GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">KC94.1</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">HEPES</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Fisher BioReagents</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">BP310</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Plastic tube vials</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">any source</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Dotarem</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Guerbet</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td style="width:259px;">NDC 67684-2000-1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:251px;">MRI scanner</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Bruker</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td style="width:259px;">BioSpec 70/30 USR magnet (7 T). Note: potential hazards related to high magnetic fields</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:251px;">RF coil</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Bruker</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td style="width:259px;">dual frequency volume coil (RF RES 300 1H/19F 075/040 LIN/LIN TR)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Paravision (software)</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Bruker</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td style="width:259px;">Version 5.1</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

preparation and in vitro characterization of dendrimer-based contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging

非環状または大環状キレートとガドリニウム（III）の常磁性錯体は、磁気共鳴画像（MRI）のために最も一般的に使用される造影剤（CAS）です。その目的は、このようにMR画像のコントラストとMRI測定の特異性を増加させる、組織中の水プロトンの緩和速度を高めることです。現在臨床的に承認された造影剤は、急速に身体から除去される低分子量分子です。常磁性キレートのキャリアとしてのデンドリマーの使用は、より効率的なMRI造影剤の将来の発展に重要な役割を果たすことができます。具体的には、より高い信号は対照的に、常磁性種の結果の局所濃度の増加。さらに、このCAは、その高い分子量およびサイズによる長い組織滞留時間を提供します。ここでは、ポリ（アミドアミン）に基づく高分子MRI造影剤（PAMAM）monomacro有するデンドリマーの調製のための便利な手順を示します巡回DOTA型キレート剤（DOTA - 1,4,7,10-テトラアザシクロドデカン1,4,7,10-四酢酸）。キレート化ユニットは、チオ尿素架橋を形成するために、PAMAMデンドリマーのアミン表面基に対してイソチオシアネート（NCS）基の反応性を利用することによって付加しました。デンドリマー生成物を精製し、核磁気共鳴分光法、質量分析、および元素分析によって分析しました。最後に、高解像度のMR画像を記録し、準備デンドリマー及び市販のモノマー剤から得られる信号のコントラストを比較しました。

DCAの調製は、2つのステージから構成：1）モノマーDOTA型キレート剤の合成（ 図1）及びG4のPAMAMデンドリマーと複合体デンドリマーのGd（III）の後続の製造とキレート剤の2）カップリング（ 図2） 。第一段階では、4つのカルボン酸を含有するシクレン系DOTA型キレート剤およびさらなる合成修飾に適した直交群を作製しました。 <em...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparation and In Vitro Characterization of Dendrimer-based Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging at JoVE.com

Preparation and In Vitro Characterization of Dendrimer-based Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

このプロトコルは、常磁性のガドリニウムイオンを配位シクレンベースの大環状キレートを担持デンドリマー磁気共鳴イメージング（MRI）造影剤の調製および特徴付けを記載します。市販の単量体のアナログと比較した場合、in vitroでのMRI一連の実験では、このエージェントは、増幅されたMRI信号を生成しました。

調製と<em&gt;インビトロ</em&gt;磁気共鳴イメージングのためのデンドリマーベースの造影剤のキャラクタリゼーション

Paramagnetic complexes of gadolinium(III) with acyclic or macrocyclic chelates are the most commonly used contrast agents (CAs) for magnetic resonance ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

Preparation and In Vitro Characterization of Dendrimer-based Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Synthesis, Cellular Delivery and In vivo Application of Dendrimer-based pH Sensors

Synthesis, Cellular Delivery and In vivo Application of Dendrimer-based pH Sensors

合成、細胞の配送および<em&gt;インビボ</em&gt;デンドリマーベースのpHセンサの応用

The development of  fluorescent indicators represented a revolution for life sciences. Genetically  encoded and synthetic fluorophores with sensing ...

Preparation and Characterization of SDF-1&#945;-Chitosan-Dextran Sulfate Nanoparticles

Preparation and Characterization of SDF-1ÃƒÅ½Ã‚Â±-Chitosan-Dextran Sulfate Nanoparticles

SDF-1α-キトサン硫酸デキストランナノ粒子の調製とキャラクタリゼーション

Chitosan (CS) and dextran sulfate (DS) are charged polysaccharides (glycans), which form polyelectrolyte complex-based nanoparticles when mixed under ...

Preparation and Characterization of Individual and Multi-drug Loaded Physically Entrapped Polymeric Micelles

調製とキャラクタリゼーション個々のとマルチ薬ロード物理的に捕捉さ高分子ミセル

Amphiphilic block copolymers like polyethyleneglycol-block-polylactic acid (PEG-b-PLA) can self-assemble into micelles above their critical micellar ...

Sequencing of Plant Wall Heteroxylans Using Enzymic, Chemical (Methylation) and Physical (Mass Spectrometry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) Techniques

Sequencing of Plant Wall Heteroxylans Using Enzymic, Chemical Methylation and Physical Mass Spectrometry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Techniques

酵素的、化学（メチル化）と物理（質量分析、核磁気共鳴）技術を用いた植物の壁ヘテロキシランのシーケンシング

This protocol describes the specific techniques used for the characterization of reducing end (RE) and internal region glycosyl sequence(s) of ...

Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids

超分子コロイドの合成とキャラクタリゼーション

Control over colloidal assembly is of utmost importance for the development of functional colloidal materials with tailored structural and mechanical ...

Low-energy Cathodoluminescence for (Oxy)Nitride Phosphors

Low-energy Cathodoluminescence for OxyNitride Phosphors

（オキシ）窒化物蛍光体のための低エネルギーのカソードルミネッセンス

Nitride and oxynitride (Sialon) phosphors are good candidates for the ultraviolet and visible emission applications. High performance, good stability and ...

In Situ Monitoring of Diffusion of Guest Molecules in Porous Media Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging

In Situ Monitoring of Diffusion of Guest Molecules in Porous Media Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging

電子常磁性共鳴イメージングを使用した多孔質体でゲスト分子の拡散の場の監視で

A method is demonstrated to monitor macroscopic translational diffusion using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) imaging. A host-guest system with ...

DNA-magnetic Particle Binding Analysis by Dynamic and Electrophoretic Light Scattering

バインドの動的・電気泳動光散乱による解析 DNA 磁性粒子

Isolation of DNA using magnetic particles is a field of high importance in biotechnology and molecular biology research. This protocol describes the ...

Preparation and Characterization of C60/Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures

Preparation and Characterization of C60/Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures

C60/Graphene ハイブリッド ナノ構造の作製と評価

Physical thermal deposition in a high vacuum environment is a clean and controllable method for fabricating novel molecular nanostructures on graphene. We ...

Technical Aspect of the Automated Synthesis and Real-Time Kinetic Evaluation of [11C]SNAP-7941

Technical Aspect of the Automated Synthesis and Real-Time Kinetic Evaluation of [11C]SNAP-7941

[11C]SNAP-7941の自動合成とリアルタイム運動評価の技術的側面

Positron emission tomography (PET) is an essential molecular imaging technique providing insights into pathways and using specific targeted radioligands ...