Name: preparation and in vitro characterization of dendrimer-based contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging
Uploaded: 2016-12-04T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparation and In Vitro Characterization of Dendrimer-based Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging at JoVE.com

The financial support of the Max-Planck Society, the Turkish Ministry of National Education (PhD fellowship to S. G.), and the German Exchange Academic Service (DAAD, PhD fellowship to T. S.) are gratefully acknowledged.

DCA 1. 준비 <ol><li> 단량체 (4) (6)의 합성. <ol><li> 4- (4- 니트로 페닐) -2의 합성 (4,7,10- 트리스 -butoxycarbonylmethyl 급 - 나프탈렌 -1- 일 - 테트라 아자 1,4,7,10) 부티르산 부틸 에스테르 (2). <ol><li> ((4,7- 비스 급 -butoxycarbonylmethyl-1,4,7,10-cyclododec 테트라 아자 -1- 일) - N - 아세트산 부틸 에스테르 (1) (1.00 g, 1.94 밀리몰), ...

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덴드리머 MRI 조영제의 제조 모노머 유닛의 적절한 선택을 요구한다 (즉, 하나님에 대한 킬 레이터 (III)). 그들은이 상자성 이온의 독성을 감소시키고, 현재까지 비 환식의 다양한 및 거대 고리 킬 레이터는 이러한 목적으로 제공 1-3. 이들 중, 거대 고리 형 DOTA 킬레이트는 높은 열역학적 안정성 및 불활성 운동을 보유하고, 따라서, 불활성 MRI 조영제 1,18의 제조에 가장 바람직?...

자기 공명 영상 (MRI)은 인해 비침 특성이 우수한 고유 연조직 콘트라스트 널리 생물 의학 연구 및 임상 진단에 사용하는 강력한 비 이온화 이미징 기술이다. 가장 일반적으로 사용되는 MRI 방법은 수분 신호의 밀도의 차이에 기초하여, 조직 내에서 고해상도 이미지 및 상세 정보의 제공 물 양자로부터 얻어지는 신호를 이용한다. 신호 강도 및 MRI 실험의 특이성은 또한 조영제 (CAS)를 사용하여 개선 될 수있다. 이러한 상자성 또는 초상 자성 길이 (T 1)와 횡 방향에 영향을 종 (T 2) 완화 시간은 각각 1,2이다. 폴리 카르 복실 산 리간드 란탄 족 이온의 가돌리늄 착물은 가장 일반적으로 사용되는 하나의 CA T이다. 가돌리늄 (III)는 T 1 휴식을 단축물 양성자의 시간, 따라서 MRI 실험 3에서의 신호의 콘트라스트를 증가시킨다. 그러나, 이온 성 가돌리늄은 독성; 크기는 (II) 칼슘의 근사하고 심각 칼슘 보조 세포에서 신호에 영향을줍니다. 따라서, 비 환상 및 마크로 킬레이트이 독성을 중화시키기 위해 사용된다. 다양한 여러 자리 리간드는 높은 열역학적 안정성 운동 불활성 1 가돌리늄 (III) 착체의 결과, 지금까지 개발되어왔다. 특히 그 테트라 파생 DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-테트라)에서 12 원 azamacrocycle cyclen에 따라 사람들은,이 CA 클래스의 대부분의 연구와 적용 단지입니다. 그럼에도 GdDOTA 형 CA는 낮은 콘트라스트 효율과 빠른 신장 배출 특정 단점을 표시 저분자 시스템이다. 고분자와 다가 CA는 이러한 문제 4에 좋은 해결책이 될 수 있습니다. CA의 biodistribu 이후기 주로 자신의 크기에 의해 결정되고, 고분자 CA는 조직 내에서 더 이상 유지 시간을 표시합니다. 마찬가지로 중요한 것은, 실질적으로 획득 된 MR 신호 및 측정 품질을 향상시키는 단량체 MR 프로브 (예 GdDOTA 착체)의 증가 된 국소 농도 이러한 에이전트 결과 multivalency. 덴드리머는 MRI 4,5에 대한 다가 CA의 준비를위한 가장 바람직한 발판 사이에 있습니다. 잘 정의 된 크기의이 매우 분기 거대 분자는 표면에 다양한 커플 링 반응하는 경향이 있습니다. 이 작품에서 우리는 한 세대 4 (G4) 폴리 (아미도 아민) GdDOTA 같은 킬레이트 (DCA)에 결합 (PAMAM) 덴드리머로 구성된 MRI에 대한 덴드리머 CA의 제조, 정제 및 특성을보고합니다. 우리는 반응성 DOTA 유도체의 합성 및 PAMAM 덴드리머과의 커플 링을 설명합니다. 하나님 (III), 표준 물리 화학적 특성과 착화시 proceduDCA 재 수행 하였다. 마지막으로, MRI 실험 저분자 CA에 의한 것보다 더 강한 콘트라스트 MR 화상을 생성하기 DCA의 능력을 입증 하였다.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="921">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Cyclen</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">CheMatech</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">C002</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">tert-Butyl bromoacetate&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Alfa Aesar</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">A14917</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">N,N-Dimethylformamide</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Fluka</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">40248</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Potassium carbonate</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">209619</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">4-(4-Nitrophenyl)butryic acid</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">335339</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:251px;">Thionyl chloride&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Acros Organics</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">382662500</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">Note: Corrosive substance; toxic if inhaled</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:251px;">Bromine</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Acros Organics</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">402841000</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">Note: causes severe skin burns, fatal if inhaled&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Diethyl ether</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">any source</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Sodium sulphate</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Acros Organics</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">196640010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Chloroform&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">VWR Chemicals</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">22711.29</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:251px;">tert-Butyl 2,2,2-trichloroacetimidate</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">364789</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">Note: flammable substance; irritrant to skin and eyes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="67">
			<td height="67" style="height:67px;width:251px;">Boron trifluoride etherate</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Acros Organics</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">174560250</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">48 % BF3. Note: Flammable substance; causes skin burns, fatal if inhaled&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Sodium bicarbonate</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Acros Organics</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">424270010</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Ethyl-acetate</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">any source</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td>For column chromatography</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">n-Hexane</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">any source</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td>For column chromatography</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:251px;">Bulb-to-bulb (Kugelrohr) distillation apparatus</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">B&#252;chi</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td>Model type: Glass oven B-585</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Silicagel</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Carl Roth GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">P090.2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Methanol</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">any source</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td>For column chromatography</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Dichloromethane&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">any source</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td>For column chromatography</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Ethanol</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">VWR Chemicals</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">20821.296</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Ammonia</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Acros Organics</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">428381000</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">7N Solution in Methanol</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Palladium&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">643181</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">15 % wet</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Hydrogenation apparatus PARR</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">PARR Instrument Company</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Celite 503</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">22151</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Sintered glass funnel</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">any source</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Thiophosgen</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">115150</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">Note: irritrant to skin; toxic if inhaled</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Triethylamine</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Alfa Aesar</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">A12646</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Dichloromethane&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Acros Organics</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">348460010</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">Extra dry&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Magnetic stirrer</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">any source</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">PAMAM G4 Dendrimer</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Andrews ChemService</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">AuCS - 297</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">&#160;10 % wt. solution in MeOH</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Lipophylic Sephadex LH-20</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">LH20100</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Thin-layer chromatography plates</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Merck Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">1.05554.0001</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Formic acid</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">VWR Chemicals</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">20318.297</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Lophylizer&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">any source</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:251px;">Gadollinium(III) chloride hexahydrate</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">G7532</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Sodium hydroxide</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Acros Organics</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">134070010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">pH meter</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">any source</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:251px;">Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt dihydrate</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">E5134</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Mass spectrometer (ESI)</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Agilent</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td>Ion trap SL 1100&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Acetate buffer</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">any source</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td>pH 5.8</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Xylenol orange</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">52097</td>
			<td>20 &#956;M in acetate buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Hydrophylic Sephadex G-15</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">GE Healthcare</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">17-0020-01</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:251px;">Amicon Ultra-15 Centrifugal Filter Unit</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Merck Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">UFC900324</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">Ultracel-3 membrane (MWCO 3000)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Centrifuge</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">any source</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">NMR spectrometer&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Bruker</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td style="width:259px;">Avance III 300 MHz</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Topspin</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Bruker</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td style="width:259px;">version 2.1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Combustion analysis instrument</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">EuroVector SpA</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td style="width:259px;">EuroEA 3000 Elemental Analyser&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">MALDI-ToF MS instrument</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Applied Biosystems</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td style="width:259px;">Voyager-STR</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Deuteriumoxid</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Carl Roth GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">6672.3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">tert-Butyl alcohol</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Carl Roth GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">AE16.1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Vortex mixer</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">any source</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Norell NMR tubes</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Deutero GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">507-HP-7</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">NMR coaxial tube</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Deutero GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">coaxialb-5-7</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">DLS instrument</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Malvern</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td style="width:259px;">Zetasizer Nano ZS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">0.20 &#956;m PTFE filter&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Carl Roth GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">KC94.1</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">HEPES</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Fisher BioReagents</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">BP310</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Plastic tube vials</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">any source</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Dotarem</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Guerbet</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td style="width:259px;">NDC 67684-2000-1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:251px;">MRI scanner</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Bruker</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td style="width:259px;">BioSpec 70/30 USR magnet (7 T). Note: potential hazards related to high magnetic fields</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:251px;">RF coil</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Bruker</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td style="width:259px;">dual frequency volume coil (RF RES 300 1H/19F 075/040 LIN/LIN TR)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Paravision (software)</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Bruker</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td style="width:259px;">Version 5.1</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

preparation and in vitro characterization of dendrimer-based contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging

비 고리 또는 마크로 킬레이트와 가돌리늄 (III) 상자성의 착물은 자기 공명 영상 (MRI)에 대한 가장 일반적으로 사용되는 조영제 (CAS)이다. 그들의 목적 따라서 MR 화상 콘트라스트 및 MRI 측정의 특이성을 증가 조직 물의 양자의 이완 율을 향상시킬 수있다. 현재 임상 적으로 승인 된 조영제 빠르게 본체로부터 클리어 저 분자량 분자이다. 상자성 킬레이트 제의 담체로서 덴드리머의 사용이 더 효율적인 MRI 조영제의 미래 개발에 중요한 역할을 할 수있다. 특히, 높은 신호 대비 상자성 종 결과의 국소 농도의 증가. 또한,이 CA는 고 분자량과 크기 때문에 장기간 조직 체류 시간을 제공한다. 여기서는 폴리 (아미도 아민)에 기초한 고분자 MRI 조영제 (PAMAM) monomacro 함께 덴드리머를 제조하기위한 편리한 방법을 보여순환 DOTA 형 킬레이트 (DOTA - 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-테트라). 킬레이트 부 티오 브리지를 형성 PAMAM 덴드리머의 아민 표면기를 향해 이소 티오 시아 네이트 (NCS) 기의 반응성을 이용하여 추가 하였다. 덴드리머 제품 그래피, 핵 자기 공명 스펙트럼, 질량 분석, 및 원소 분석에 의해 분석 하였다. 마지막으로, 고해상도 자기 공명 영상을 기록하고, 제조 된 덴드리머와 시판 제제 단량체로부터 얻어지는 신호 대조와 비교 하였다.

DCA의 제조는 두 단계로 구성되었다 : 1) 단량체 DOTA 형 킬레이트의 합성 (도 1)과 G4의 PAMAM 덴드리머와 복잡 덴드리머 하나님 (III)의 후속 제조와 킬레이트 2) 커플 링 (도 2) . 첫 번째 단계에서, 네 카복실산 함유 cyclen 기반 DOTA 형 킬레이트 및 상기 합성 변형 적합한 직교 그룹을 제조 하였다. 부틸 2- 브로 모 -4- (4- 니트로 페닐) 부?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparation and In Vitro Characterization of Dendrimer-based Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging at JoVE.com

Preparation and In Vitro Characterization of Dendrimer-based Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

이 프로토콜은 상자성 가돌리늄 이온을 배위 cyclen 계 마크로 킬레이트를 운반하는 덴드리머 자기 공명 영상 (MRI) 조영제의 제조 및 특성을 설명한다. 시판되는 모노머 아날로그에 비해 시험 관내 MRI의 일련의 실험에서이 에이전트는 MRI 증폭 신호를 생성했다.

준비 및<em&gt; 체외</em&gt; 자기 공명 영상에 대한 덴드리머 기반 대조 대리인의 특성

Paramagnetic complexes of gadolinium(III) with acyclic or macrocyclic chelates are the most commonly used contrast agents (CAs) for magnetic resonance ...

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Chemistry

Preparation and In Vitro Characterization of Dendrimer-based Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Synthesis, Cellular Delivery and In vivo Application of Dendrimer-based pH Sensors

Synthesis, Cellular Delivery and In vivo Application of Dendrimer-based pH Sensors

합성, 세포 전달 및<em&gt; 생체 내</em&gt; 덴드리머 기반 pH 센서의 응용 프로그램

The development of  fluorescent indicators represented a revolution for life sciences. Genetically  encoded and synthetic fluorophores with sensing ...

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