Name: a method for extracting pigments from squid doryteuthis pealeii
Uploaded: 2016-11-09T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Method for Extracting Pigments from Squid Doryteuthis pealeii at JoVE.com

The authors gratefully acknowledge the use of facilities at the University of New Hampshire including the University Instrumentation Center. This work was supported by the University of New Hampshire, Department of Chemistry.

los estudios en animales invertebrados realizadas en este documento no están regulados en los Estados Unidos; Por lo tanto, el Comité de Cuidado y Uso de Animales institucional no tiene autoridad para la revisión de dichos protocolos. En lugar de estos no cae bajo la jurisdicción de la regulación en los Estados Unidos, los autores declaran que estos estudios fueron realizados con un esfuerzo sincero hacia el uso ético, el cuidado y el tratamiento de estos animales, se redujo al mínimo el número de individuos y estos esfuerzos son co...

<ol>
	<li>Bell, G. R. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chromatophore+radial+muscle+fibers+anchor+in+flexible+squid+skin.">Chromatophore radial muscle fibers anchor in flexible squid skin.</a> Invertebr Biol. 132 (2), 120-132 (2013).</li><li>Crookes, W. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reflectins:+The+unusual+proteins+of+squid+reflective+tissues.">Reflectins: The unusual proteins of squid reflective tissues.</a> Science. 303 (5655), 235-238 (2004).</li><li>Deravi, L. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+structure-function+relationships+of+a+natural+nanoscale+photonic+device+in+cuttlefish+chromatophores.">The structure-function relationships of a natural nanoscale photonic device in cuttlefish chromatophores.</a> J. R. Soc. Interface. 11 (93), 1-9 (2014).</li><li>M&#228;thger, L. M., Denton, E. J., Marshall, N. J., Hanlon, R. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanisms+and+behavioural+functions+of+structural+coloration+in+cephalopods.">Mechanisms and behavioural functions of structural coloration in cephalopods.</a> J. R. Soc. Interface. 6 (2), 149-163 (2009).</li><li>M&#228;thger, L. M., Hanlon, R. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anatomical+basis+for+camouflaged+polarized+light+communication+in+squid.">Anatomical basis for camouflaged polarized light communication in squid.</a> Biol. Lett. 2 (4), 494-496 (2006).</li><li>M&#228;thger, L. M., Hanlon, R. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Malleable+skin+coloration+in+cephalopods:+selective+reflectance,+transmission+and+absorbance+of+light+by+chromatophores+and+iridophores.">Malleable skin coloration in cephalopods: selective reflectance, transmission and absorbance of light by chromatophores and iridophores.</a> Cell Tissue Res. 329 (1), 179-186 (2007).</li><li>Cloney, R. A., Brocco, S. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chromatophore+Organs,+Reflector+Cells,+Iridocytes+and+Leucophores+in+Cephalopods.">Chromatophore Organs, Reflector Cells, Iridocytes and Leucophores in Cephalopods.</a> Amer. Zool. 23 (3), 581-592 (1983).</li><li>Hanlon, R. T., Messenger, J. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adaptive+coloration+in+young+cutttlefish+(Sepia+officinalis+L)-+The+morphology+and+development+of+body+patterns+and+their+relation+to+behaviour.">Adaptive coloration in young cutttlefish (Sepia officinalis L)- The morphology and development of body patterns and their relation to behaviour.</a> Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 320 (1200), 437-487 (1988).</li><li>Sutherland, R. L., M&#228;thger, L. M., Hanlon, R. T., Urbas, A. M., Stone, M. O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cephalopod+coloration+model.+II.+Multiple+layer+skin+effects.">Cephalopod coloration model. II. Multiple layer skin effects.</a> J. Opt. Soc. Am. 25 (8), 2044-2054 (2008).</li><li>Florey, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultrastructure+and+function+of+cephalopod+chromatophores.">Ultrastructure and function of cephalopod chromatophores.</a> Amer. Zool. 9 (2), 429-442 (1969).</li><li>Florey, E., Kriebel, M. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrical+and+mechanical+responses+of+chromatophore+muscle+fibers+of+squid,+Loligo+opalescens,+to+nerve+stimulation+and+drugs.">Electrical and mechanical responses of chromatophore muscle fibers of squid, Loligo opalescens, to nerve stimulation and drugs.</a> Z. Vergl. Physiol. 65 (1), 98-130 (1969).</li><li>Williams, T. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Contributions+of+Phenoxazone-Based+Pigments+to+the+Structure+and+Function+of+Nanostructured+Granules+in+Squid+Chromatophores.">Contributions of Phenoxazone-Based Pigments to the Structure and Function of Nanostructured Granules in Squid Chromatophores.</a> Langmuir. , (2016).</li><li>Nijhout, H. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ommochrome+pigmentation+of+the+linea+and+rosa+seasonal+forms+of+Precis+coenia+(Lepidoptera:+Nymphalidae).">Ommochrome pigmentation of the linea and rosa seasonal forms of Precis coenia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae).</a> Arch. Insect. Biochem. Physiol. 36 (3), 215-222 (1997).</li><li>Van Den Branden, C., Decleir, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Study+of+the+Chromatophore+Pigments+in+the+Skin+of+the+Cephalopod+Sepia+Officinalis.">A Study of the Chromatophore Pigments in the Skin of the Cephalopod Sepia Officinalis.</a> L. Biol. Jb. Dodonaea. 44 (2), 345-352 (1976).</li><li>Aubourg, S., Torres-Arreola, W., Trigo, M., Ezquerra-Brauer, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+Jumbo+Squid+Skin+Pigment+Extract+and+its+Antioxidant+Potential+ina+Marine+Oil+System.">Characterization of Jumbo Squid Skin Pigment Extract and its Antioxidant Potential ina Marine Oil System.</a> Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 118, (2016).</li></ol>

Hemos demostrado un método para extraer pigmentos de gránulos cromatóforos calamar. Al dirigirse específicamente a los gránulos, nuestro objetivo es determinar su papel en la mediación de la coloración de adaptación. Este método difiere de informes anteriores diseñados para caracterizar los pigmentos de cefalópodos usando muestras de tejido a granel 14 o liofilizado piel 15. Mientras que este protocolo es eficaz en la extracción de pigmentos cromatóforos, s...

Cefalópodos como el calamar, la sepia, el pulpo y tienen la capacidad de alterar su apariencia dinámica para camuflar y señalización. 1-6 Esta capacidad es apoyado en parte por la expansión de área selectiva de órganos pigmentadas conocidas como cromatóforos. 4,7-9 Cromatóforos son actuadores blandos que contienen una red de gránulos de pigmento nanoestructurados confinados dentro de un sáculo cytoelastic que está anclado radialmente por las fibras musculares. 1,3 a medida que se accionan, cromatóforos expanden por 500% de la superficie presentado la distribución de los gránulos de todo el órgano. 3,7 10,11 Cuando esta acción es concertada a través de una serie de cromatóforos, se cambia la coloración general del animal. Aunque se sabe que los gránulos de pigmento contribuyen a este cambio de color, su composición sigue siendo desconocido. Se describe un procedimiento para aislar y purificar los pigmentos cromatóforos que pueden ser adaptados para futuros estudios de composición. 3,12 chromatophore tejido que contiene se cosecha a través de la extirpación cuidado del cefalópodo. Un proceso de la digestión y la homogeneización se utiliza a continuación para disociar el tejido circundante y separar las células cromatóforos. Los gránulos nanoestructurados son entonces aislado y purificado a partir de los restantes cromatóforos utilizando sonicación y centrifugación repetidas. Tras la purificación, los pigmentos se extraen de los gránulos en un proceso que es una adaptación de la extracción de color visible de alas de mariposa usando soluciones de metanol ácidos. Microscopía electrónica 13 de barrido (SEM) y espectrofotometría se utilizan para confirmar que los pigmentos cromatóforos se extraen con éxito utilizando este proceso. Este método describe el aislamiento de gránulos cromatóforos que se utiliza para explorar las contribuciones moleculares acoloration en cefalópodos. 12 extracciones de moléculas de animales enteros a menudo puede ser un proceso largo y tedioso. El objetivo es informar a los futuros investigadores de un protocolo eficaz y fácil para la adquisición de los pigmentos de los gránulos nanoestructurados en los cefalópodos.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="611">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Collagenase</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Alfa Aesar</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">9001-12-1</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">No hazard</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Dithiothreitol</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">3482-12-3</td>
			<td>Irritant, acute toxicity</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">HEPES</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">7365-45-9</td>
			<td>Mild irritant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">Hydrochloric acid</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">EMD Chemicals</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">7647-01-0</td>
			<td>Corrosive</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">k-Aspartate</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1115-63-5</td>
			<td>Reacts violently with oxidants</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Magnesium Chloride</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">7786-30-3</td>
			<td>Mild eye irritant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Methanol</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Pharmco-AAPER</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">67-56-1</td>
			<td>Highly flammable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Mini tablet prtoease inhibitor</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">469315-90-01</td>
			<td>Corrosive to metal and skin</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Papain</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">9001-73-4</td>
			<td>Irritant&#160;</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a method for extracting pigments from squid doryteuthis pealeii

Cephalopods can undergo rapid and adaptive changes in dermal coloration for sensing, communication, defense, and reproduction purposes. These capabilities are supported in part by the areal expansion and retraction of pigmented organs known as chromatophores. While it is known that the chromatophores contain a tethered network of pigmented granules, their structure-function properties have not been fully detailed. We describe a method for isolating the nanostructured granules in squid Doryteuthis pealeii chromatophores and demonstrate how their associated pigments can be extracted in acidic solvents. To accomplish this, the chromatophore containing dermal layer is first manually isolated using a superficial dissection, and the pigment granules are removed using sonication, centrifugation, and washing cycles. Pigments confined within the purified granules are then extracted via acidic methanol solutions, leaving nanostructures with smaller diameters that are void of visible color. This extraction procedure produces a 58% yield of soluble pigments isolated from granules. Using this method, the composition of the chromatophore pigments can be determined and used to provide insight into the mechanism of adaptive coloration in cephalopods.

Cromatóforos se disecan de la D. pealeii dorsal manto (Figura 1A, 1B). Una vez que se quitan, cromatóforos se lisan y se purificaron usando los ciclos de centrifugación y lavado para aislar los gránulos pigmentados (Figuras 2A, 2B). Soluciones de metanol ácido (HCl-MeOH) se utilizan para extraer el pigmento de los gránulos (Figura 2C), produciendo un extracto de pigmento soluble y gránulo...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Method for Extracting Pigments from Squid Doryteuthis pealeii at JoVE.com

A Method for Extracting Pigments from Squid Doryteuthis pealeii

Se presenta un protocolo para la extracción de pigmentos a partir de los gránulos nanoestructurados en Doryteuthis pealeii cromatóforos calamar.

Un método para extraer pigmentos de calamar<em&gt; Pealeii Doryteuthis</em

Cephalopods can undergo rapid and adaptive changes in dermal coloration for sensing, communication, defense, and reproduction purposes. These capabilities ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

A Method for Extracting Pigments from Squid Doryteuthis pealeii

Extracting DNA from the Gut Microbes of the Termite (Zootermopsis Angusticollis) and Visualizing Gut Microbes

Extracting DNA from the Gut Microbes of the Termite Zootermopsis Angusticollis and Visualizing Gut Microbes

Extracción de ADN de los microbios del intestino de las termitas (Zootermopsis Angusticollis) y visualizar microbios intestinales

Termites are among the few animals known to have the capacity to subsist solely by consuming wood.  The termite gut tract contains a dense and ...

Investigación

Biología

Pyrosequencing: A Simple Method for Accurate Genotyping

Pyrosequencing: Un método simple para determinar el genotipo exacto

Pharmacogenetic research benefits first-hand from the abundance of information provided by the completion of the Human Genome Project. With such a ...

Method for Culture of Early Chick Embryos ex vivo (New Culture)

Method for Culture of Early Chick Embryos ex vivo New Culture

Método para la Cultura de primeros embriones del polluelo ex vivo (Nueva Cultura)

The chick embryo is a valuable tool in the study of early embryonic development. Its transparency, accessibility and ease of manipulation, make it an ...

Method for Whole Mount Antibody Staining in Chick

Método para la tinción de anticuerpos enteros en el monte del polluelo

Use of Rotorod as a Method for the Qualitative Analysis of Walking in Rat

El uso de Rotorod como un método para el análisis cualitativo de la Ruta de la rata

High speed videoanalysis of the details of movement can provide a source of information about qualitative aspects of walking movements. When walking on a ...

A Lectin HPLC Method to Enrich Selectively-glycosylated Peptides from Complex Biological Samples

Una lectina Método HPLC para enriquecer péptidos selectivamente glicosilada de muestras biológicas complejas

Glycans are an important class of post-translational modifications. Typically found on secreted and extracellular molecules, glycan structures signal the ...

Obtaining Hemocytes from the Hawaiian Bobtail Squid Euprymna scolopes and Observing their Adherence to Symbiotic and Non-Symbiotic Bacteria

Obtaining Hemocytes from the Hawaiian Bobtail Squid Euprymna scolopes and Observing their Adherence to Symbiotic and Non-Symbiotic Bacteria

La obtención de hemocitos de la hawaiana Squid Bobtail Euprymna scolopes Y la observación de su adhesión a las bacterias simbióticas y no simbióticas-

Studies concerning the role of the immune system in mediating molecular signaling between beneficial bacteria and their hosts have, in recent years, made ...

A Simple Protocol for Extracting Hemocytes from Wild Caterpillars

Un protocolo simple para la extracción de hemocitos de orugas silvestres

Insect hemocytes (equivalent to mammalian white blood cells) play an important role in several physiological processes throughout an insect's life cycle ...

A Practical and Novel Method to Extract Genomic DNA from Blood Collection Kits for Plasma Protein Preservation

Un método práctico y novela para extraer el ADN genómico de los kits de extracción de sangre para la Preservación Plasma Protein

Laboratory tests can be done on the cellular or  fluid portions of the blood. The use of different blood collection tubes  determines the portion of the ...

A High Output Method to Isolate Cerebral Pericytes from Mouse

Un método de alta salida para aislar los pericytes cerebrales del ratón

In recent years, cerebral pericytes have become the focus of extensive research in vascular biology and pathology. The importance of pericytes in blood ...