Name: cefoperazone-treated mouse model of clinically-relevant clostridium difficile strain r20291
Uploaded: 2016-12-10T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291 at JoVE.com

The authors would like to thank Trevor Lawley at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute for C. difficile R20291 spores and James S. Guy at the North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine for Vero cells, both utilized in this manuscript. Animal histopathology was performed in the LCCC Animal Histopathology Core Facility at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, with special assistance from Traci Raley and Amanda Brown. The LCCC Animal Histopathology Core is supported in part by an NCI Center Core Support Grant (2P30CA016086-40) to the UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center. We would also like to thank Vincent Young, Anna Seekatz, Jhansi Leslie, and Cassie Schumacher for helpful discussions on the Vero cell cytotoxicity assay protocol. JAW is funded by the Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award Research Training grant T32OD011130 by NIH. CMT is funded by the career development award in metabolomics grant K01GM109236 by the NIGMS of the NIH.

Déclaration éthique: La Commission institutionnelle animale soin et l&#39;utilisation (IACUC) à la North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine (NCSU) a approuvé cette étude. Le NCSU Animal Care et Utiliser la politique applique les normes et les lignes directrices énoncées dans la Loi sur la Loi et Extension de recherche en santé du bien - être des animaux de laboratoire 1985. animaleries à NCSU adhérer aux lignes directrices énoncées dans le Guide pour le soin et l&#39; u...

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This protocol characterizes the clinical course, including weight loss, bacterial colonization, toxin cytotoxicity, and histopathological changes in the gastrointestinal tract, of antibiotic-treated mice challenged with C. difficile R20291 spores. There are several critical steps within the protocol where attention to detail is essential. Accurate calculation of the C. difficile spore inoculum is critical. This calculation is based on the original C. difficile spore stock enumeration, which sho...

Clostridium difficile est un anaérobie, bacillus sporulé Gram positif qui provoque la vie en danger de la diarrhée 1. Infection à C. difficile (ICD) est associée à une augmentation de la morbidité et la mortalité humaines et les résultats dans plus de 4,8 milliards $ en coûts de soins de santé par an 1-4. En 2013, les Centers for Disease Control and Prevention catégorisés C. difficile comme un risque urgent de résistance aux antibiotiques, ce qui indique qu&#39;il constitue une menace urgente pour la santé publique 1. Actuellement, le traitement antibiotique vancomycine et métronidazole sont considérés comme la norme de soins pour CDI 5. Malheureusement, la récurrence du CDI après un traitement réussi avec des antibiotiques est élevée, se produisant dans 20 - 30% des patients 2,5-7. Par conséquent, la découverte de nouveaux agents thérapeutiques contre cet agent pathogène entérique est nécessaire. Pour évaluer la thérapeutique contre C. difficile, un modèle animal approchant la maladie humaine en courant alternatifsouche linically pertinente est nécessaire. Dans un premier temps , les postulats de Koch ont été établies pour C. difficile en 1977 en utilisant un modèle de hamster syrien clindamycine traité 8. Ce modèle est encore utilisé aujourd&#39;hui pour étudier les effets des toxines de C. difficile sur la pathogenèse 9,10. Cependant, le CDI dans le modèle hamster entraîne des taux de mortalité élevés et ne se rapproche pas les manifestations de la maladie insidieuse chroniques qui peuvent être vus chez l&#39; homme avec CDI 10,11. Sur la base de l&#39;accessibilité et de disponibilité des plates-formes réactif de souris dans la recherche d&#39;un modèle de souris de la CDI est pertinente. En 2008, un modèle de souris robuste de CDI a été créé par le traitement des souris avec un cocktail d&#39; antibiotiques dans l&#39; eau potable (kanamycine, gentamicine, la colistine, le métronidazole et la vancomycine) pendant 3 jours , suivie d&#39;une injection intrapéritonéale de clindamycine 12. Cette souris rendues sensibles à la colite CDI et sévère. Dépendretion de la dose d&#39;inoculum administré, une gamme de signes cliniques et la létalité peut être observée en utilisant ce modèle. Depuis ce temps, divers traitements antibiotiques ont été étudiés qui modifient le microbiote intestinal murin, ce qui diminue la résistance à la colonisation au point où C. difficile peut coloniser le tractus gastro - intestinal (revue dans Best et al. Et Lawley &amp; Young) 13,14. Plus récemment, une céphalosporine à large spectre, céfopérazone, étant donné dans l&#39;eau de boisson pendant 5 ou 10 jours rend reproductible des souris sensibles à la CDI 15. Depuis l&#39; administration des céphalosporines de troisième génération sont associés à un risque accru de CDI chez l&#39; homme, l&#39; utilisation du modèle de céfopérazone reflète plus fidèlement la maladie 16 d&#39;origine naturelle. Céfopérazone souris traitées sensibles à C. difficile ont été provoquées avec les deux spores de C. difficile et les cellules végétatives de diverses souches cliniques allant dansla pertinence et la virulence 17. Malgré certaines des études originales utilisant des cellules végétatives C. Difficile comme la forme infectieuse, spores de C. difficile sont considérés comme le principal mode de transmission 18. Dans la dernière décennie, C. difficile R20291, a / BI / 027 souche NAP1, a vu le jour, ce qui provoque des épidémies de CDI 19,20. Nous avons cherché à déterminer l&#39;évolution clinique de la maladie , lorsque les souris céfopérazone traités ont été exposés à la souche de C. difficile cliniquement pertinente et génétiquement traitable, R20291. Ce protocole détaille l&#39;évolution clinique, y compris la perte de poids, la colonisation bactérienne, la toxine cytotoxicité, et des changements histopathologiques dans le tractus gastro - intestinal des souris infectées avec des spores de C. difficile R20291. Dans l&#39;ensemble, ce modèle de la souris se révèle être une plate-forme expérimentale précieuse pour CDI approchant la maladie humaine. Ce modèle de souris caractérisé peut donc être utilisée pour évaluer les effetsde nouveaux produits thérapeutiques sur l&#39;amélioration de la maladie clinique et sur la restauration de la résistance à la colonisation contre C. difficile.

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	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:292px;">#62 Perisept Sporidicial Disinfectant Cleaner&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">SSS Navigator</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">48027</td>
			<td style="width:483px;">This product will require dilution as recommended by the manufacturer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">0.22 &#956;m filter</td>
			<td>Fisherbrand</td>
			<td>09-720-3</td>
			<td>Alternative to filter plate for indivdiual samples tested in the Vero Cell Assay</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">0.25% Trypsin-EDTA</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>25200-056</td>
			<td>Needs to be heated in water bath at 37C prior to use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">0.4% Trypan Blue</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15250-061</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1% Peniciilin/Streptomycin</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15070-063</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">10% heat inactivated FBS</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>16140-071</td>
			<td>Needs to be heated in water bath at 37C prior to use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1ml plastic syringe&#160;</td>
			<td>BD Medical Supplies</td>
			<td>309628</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1X PBS</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>10010-023</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">2 ml Micro Centrifuge Screw Cap</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>430917</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">96 well cell culture flat bottom plate</td>
			<td>Costar Corning</td>
			<td>CL3595</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">96 well filter plate</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>MSGVS2210</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Adhesive Seal</td>
			<td>ThermoScientific</td>
			<td>AB-0558</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:292px;">Bacto Agar</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Becton Dickinson</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">214010</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:292px;">Bacto Proteose Peptone</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Becton Dickinson</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">211684</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Cefoperazone</td>
			<td>MP Bioworks</td>
			<td>199695</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Cefoxitine</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>C47856</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Clostridium difficile Antitoxin Kit</td>
			<td>Tech Labs</td>
			<td>T5000</td>
			<td>Used as control for Vero Cell Assay</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Clostridium difficile Toxin A</td>
			<td>List Biological Labs</td>
			<td>152C</td>
			<td>Positive control for Vero Cell Assay</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">D-cycloserine</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>C6880</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Distilled Water</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15230</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">DMEM 1X Media</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>11965-092</td>
			<td>Needs to be heated in water bath at 37C prior to use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Fructose</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>L95500</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Hemocytometer</td>
			<td>Bright-Line, Sigma</td>
			<td>Z359629</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:292px;">KH2PO4</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">P285-500</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:292px;">MgSO4 (anhydrous)</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">M2643</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:292px;">Millex-GS 0.22 &#956;m filter</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Millex-GS</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SLGS033SS</td>
			<td style="width:483px;">Filter for TCCFA plates&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:292px;">Na2HPO4</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S-0876</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">NaCl</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S640-3</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Number 10 disposable scalpel blade</td>
			<td>Miltex, Inc</td>
			<td>4-410</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">PCR Plates</td>
			<td>Fisherbrand</td>
			<td>14230244</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Plastic petri dish</td>
			<td>Kord-Valmark Brand</td>
			<td>2900</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Sterile plastic L-shaped cell spreader</td>
			<td>Fisherbrand</td>
			<td>14-665-230</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Syringe Stepper</td>
			<td>Dymax Corporation</td>
			<td>T15469</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Taurocholate</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>T4009</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Ultrapure distilled water</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>10977-015</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:292px;">C57BL/6J Mice</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">The Jackson Laboratory</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">664</td>
			<td style="width:483px;">Mice should be 5-8 weeks of age</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Olympus BX43F light microscope</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Olympus Life Science</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:483px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">DP27 camera</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Olympus Life Science</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:483px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">cellSens Dimension software&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Olympus Life Science</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:483px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

cefoperazone-treated mouse model of clinically-relevant clostridium difficile strain r20291

Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming enteric pathogen that is associated with increasing morbidity and mortality and consequently poses an urgent threat to public health. Recurrence of a C. difficile infection (CDI) after successful treatment with antibiotics is high, occurring in 20-30% of patients, thus necessitating the discovery of novel therapeutics against this pathogen. Current animal models of CDI result in high mortality rates and thus do not approximate the chronic, insidious disease manifestations seen in humans with CDI. To evaluate therapeutics against C. difficile, a mouse model approximating human disease utilizing a clinically-relevant strain is needed. This protocol outlines the cefoperazone mouse model of CDI using a clinically-relevant and genetically-tractable strain, R20291. Techniques for clinical disease monitoring, C. difficile bacterial enumeration, toxin cytotoxicity, and histopathological changes throughout CDI in a mouse model are detailed in the protocol. Compared to other mouse models of CDI, this model is not uniformly lethal at the dose administered, allowing for the observation of a prolonged clinical course of infection concordant with the human disease. Therefore, this cefoperazone mouse model of CDI proves a valuable experimental platform to assess the effects of novel therapeutics on the amelioration of clinical disease and on the restoration of colonization resistance against C. difficile.

Au cours d&#39;une étude représentative, 5-week-old C57BL / 6 souris WT ont été prétraités avec céfopérazone dans leur eau potable (0,5 mg / ml) pendant 5 jours et autorisés par jour 2 se laver avec de l&#39;eau potable régulière. Les souris ont été provoquées avec 5 à 10 spores de C. difficile R20291 par gavage oral au jour 0 (figure 1A). Les souris ont été surveillés pour la perte de poids et les signes cliniques (léthargie, inapp...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291 at JoVE.com

Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291

Ce protocole décrit le modèle de souris céfopérazone d&#39;infection à Clostridium difficile (CDI) en utilisant une souche cliniquement pertinente et génétiquement traitable, R20291. L&#39; accent mis sur la surveillance clinique de la maladie, C. énumération bactérienne difficile, la toxine cytotoxicité, et des changements histopathologiques tout au long de CDI dans un modèle de souris sont détaillés dans le protocole.

Céfopérazone traité Souris Modèle de Cliniquement pertinentes<em&gt; Clostridium difficile</em&gt; Strain R20291

Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming enteric pathogen that is associated with increasing morbidity and mortality and ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291

Culturing and Maintaining Clostridium difficile in an Anaerobic Environment

Culturing and Maintaining Clostridium difficile in an Anaerobic Environment

La culture et entretien<em&gt; Clostridium difficile</em&gt; Dans un environnement anaérobie

Clostridium  difficile is a Gram-positive, anaerobic, sporogenic bacterium  that is primarily responsible for antibiotic associated diarrhea (AAD) and is ...

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Immunologie et infection

Prevention of Heat Stress Adverse Effects in Rats by Bacillus subtilis Strain

Prevention of Heat Stress Adverse Effects in Rats by Bacillus subtilis Strain

Prévention de stress thermique Effets indésirables chez les rats par<em&gt; Bacillus subtilis</em&gt; Strain

This study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of the Bacillus subtilis strain against complications related to heat stress. Thirty-two ...

A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment

A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment

Un protocole pour caractériser les changements morphologiques de<em&gt; Clostridium difficile</em&gt; En réponse au traitement antibiotique

Assessment of antibiotic action with new drug development directed towards anaerobic bacteria is difficult and technically demanding. To gain insight into ...

Influenza A Virus Studies in a Mouse Model of Infection

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Influenza viruses cause over 500,000 deaths worldwide1 and are associated with an annual cost of 12 - 14 billion USD in the United States alone ...

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We provide a detailed overview of a novel high-throughput protein microarray assay for the determination of anti-Clostridium difficile antibody levels in ...

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A Purification and In Vitro Activity Assay for a pppGpp Synthetase from Clostridium difficile

Une Purification et analyse d’activité In Vitro pour un (p) ppGpp synthétase de Clostridium difficile

Kinase and pyrophosphokinase enzymes transfer the gamma phosphate or the beta-gamma pyrophosphate moiety from nucleotide triphosphate precursors to ...

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Neonatal sepsis remains a global burden. A preclinical model to screen effective prophylactic or therapeutic interventions is needed. Neonatal mouse ...

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An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is defined as a localized dilation of the abdominal aorta that exceeds the maximal intraluminal diameter (MILD) by 1.5 ...

Constructing Mutants in Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 519/43

Constructing Mutants in Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 519/43

Construction de mutants dans la souche 519/43 de Streptococcus pneumoniae de sérotype 1

Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 remains a huge problem in low-and-middle income countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite its importance, ...

Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis: An Intraocular Inflammatory Mouse Model

Uvéite auto-immune expérimentale : un modèle murin inflammatoire intraoculaire

Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis (EAU) is driven by immune cells responding to self-antigens. Many features of this non-infectious, intraocular ...