Name: cefoperazone-treated mouse model of clinically-relevant clostridium difficile strain r20291
Uploaded: 2016-12-10T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291 at JoVE.com

The authors would like to thank Trevor Lawley at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute for C. difficile R20291 spores and James S. Guy at the North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine for Vero cells, both utilized in this manuscript. Animal histopathology was performed in the LCCC Animal Histopathology Core Facility at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, with special assistance from Traci Raley and Amanda Brown. The LCCC Animal Histopathology Core is supported in part by an NCI Center Core Support Grant (2P30CA016086-40) to the UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center. We would also like to thank Vincent Young, Anna Seekatz, Jhansi Leslie, and Cassie Schumacher for helpful discussions on the Vero cell cytotoxicity assay protocol. JAW is funded by the Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award Research Training grant T32OD011130 by NIH. CMT is funded by the career development award in metabolomics grant K01GM109236 by the NIGMS of the NIH.

הצהרה אתית: הטיפול בבעלי החיים המוסדי ועדת השימוש (IACUC) במכללת צפון קרוליינה סטייט לרפואת וטרינרית (NCSU) אשרה את המחקר הזה. טיפול בבעלי חיים NCSU ושימוש מדיניות חל תקנים והנחיות שנקבעו הרחבה מחקר חוק צער בעלי-חיים ובריאות משנת 1985. מתקנים בעלי חיים במעבדות בעמותת NCSU פועל?...

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This protocol characterizes the clinical course, including weight loss, bacterial colonization, toxin cytotoxicity, and histopathological changes in the gastrointestinal tract, of antibiotic-treated mice challenged with C. difficile R20291 spores. There are several critical steps within the protocol where attention to detail is essential. Accurate calculation of the C. difficile spore inoculum is critical. This calculation is based on the original C. difficile spore stock enumeration, which sho...

Clostridium difficile הינו אנאירובי, חיובי-גרם, חיידק יוצרי נבגים שגורמת מסכני חיים שלשולים 1. C. difficile זיהום (CDI) קשור לתחלואה אנושית מוגדלת ותמותה ותוצאות בלמעלה מ -4.8 מיליארדים $ בעלויות בריאות בשנה 1-4. בשנת 2013, המרכז לבקרת מחלות ומניעתן מסווג difficile ג כסיכון עמידות לאנטיביוטיקה דחוף, המציין כי זה מהווה איום דחוף בריאות הציבור 1. נכון לעכשיו, טיפול אנטיביוטי עם vancomycin ו metronidazole נחשבים רמת הטיפול CDI 5. למרבה הצער, ישנות CDI לאחר טיפול מוצלח באנטיביוטיקה הן גבוהות, המתרחשות 20 - 30% מהחולים 2,5-7. לכן, הגילוי רפוי רומן נגד הפתוגן מעיים זה הכרחי. כדי להעריך רפויים נגד C. difficile, במודל חית מתקרבות מחל אדם aclinically רלוונטי זן הוא זקוק. בתחילה, העיקרים של קוך הוקמו difficile ג בשנת 1977 תוך שימוש במודל אוגר סורי שטופלו קלינדמיצין 8. מודל זה עדיין משמש כיום כדי לחקור את ההשפעות של רעלים C. difficile על בפתוגנזה 9,10. עם זאת, CDI במודל אוגר תוצאת שיעורי תמותה גבוהים ואינו להיות קרוב ככל האפשר גילויי מחלה הפנימיים הכרוניים שניתן הנצפים באנשים לוקים 10,11 CDI. בהתבסס על הזמינות והנגישות מגיבה של פלטפורמות murine במחקר, במודל של עכברים של CDI רלוונטי. בשנת 2008, במודל של עכברים חזק של CDI הוקם על ידי טיפול בעכברים עם קוקטייל אנטיביוטי במי שתייה (kanamycin, גנטמיצין, colistin, metronidazole, ו ונקומיצין) במשך 3 ימים ואחריו זריקת intraperitoneal של קלינדמיצין 12. עכברים שניתנו זה רגיש קוליטיס CDI והחמור. לִסְמוֹךing על מינון הבידוד מנוהל, מגוון של שלטים קטלניים קליניים ניתן לצפות באמצעות מודל זה. מאז הפעם, משטרי אנטיביוטיקה שונים נחקרו המשנים את החיידקים במעיים בעכברים, הפחתת התנגדות קולוניזציה עד לנקודה שבה C. difficile יכול ליישב את מערכת העיכול (הנסקרת ב Best et al. ו Lawley אנד יאנג) 13,14. לאחרונה, צפלוספורין קשת רחבה, cefoperazone, בהתחשב במי השתייה במשך ימים 5 או 10 הופך reproducibly עכברים רגישים 15 CDI. מאז ממשל של צפלוספורינים מהדור השלישי קשורים עם סיכון מוגבר של CDI בבני אדם, השימוש במודל cefoperazone משקף באופן מדויק יותר טבעיים המתחוללים המחלה 16. Cefoperazone שטופל עכברים רגישים difficile ג כבר אתגר בשני נבגי C. difficile ותאי וגטטיבי של מגוון רחב של זנים החל קליניהרלוונטיות ארסיות 17. למרות חלק מהמחקרים המקוריים ניצול תאי צמח C. difficile כצורה זיהומיות, נבגי difficile ג נחשבים במצב העיקרי להעברת מחלה 18. בעשור האחרון, C. difficile R20291, זן NAP1 / BI / 027, התפתח, גרימת מגיפות של 19,20 CDI. אנחנו בקשנו לקבוע את המסלול הקליני של מחלה, כאשר עכברים שטופל cefoperazone הותקפו עם הזן קליני הרלוונטי וגנטי-צייתן C. difficile, R20291. פרוטוקול זה מפרט את המהלך הקליני, כולל ירידה במשקל, קולוניזציה חיידקית, cytotoxicity רעלן, ושינויים histopathological במערכת העיכול של עכברים תיגר עם נבגים R20291 C. difficile. בסך הכל, מודל העכבר הזה מוכיח להיות פלטפורמה ניסיונית ערך עבור CDI המתקרבות מחלות אנושיות. ולכן יכול להיות מנוצל במודל עכבר מאופיין זה, לאמוד את השפעתושל הרפוי רומן על השיפור של מחלה קלינית ועל השיקום של התנגדות קולוניזציה נגד difficile ג.

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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:292px;">#62 Perisept Sporidicial Disinfectant Cleaner&#160;</td>
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			<td style="width:483px;">This product will require dilution as recommended by the manufacturer</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">0.22 &#956;m filter</td>
			<td>Fisherbrand</td>
			<td>09-720-3</td>
			<td>Alternative to filter plate for indivdiual samples tested in the Vero Cell Assay</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">10% heat inactivated FBS</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1X PBS</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">2 ml Micro Centrifuge Screw Cap</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>430917</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">96 well cell culture flat bottom plate</td>
			<td>Costar Corning</td>
			<td>CL3595</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">96 well filter plate</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>MSGVS2210</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Adhesive Seal</td>
			<td>ThermoScientific</td>
			<td>AB-0558</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:292px;">Bacto Agar</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Becton Dickinson</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">214010</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:292px;">Bacto Proteose Peptone</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Becton Dickinson</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">211684</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Cefoperazone</td>
			<td>MP Bioworks</td>
			<td>199695</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Cefoxitine</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>C47856</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Clostridium difficile Antitoxin Kit</td>
			<td>Tech Labs</td>
			<td>T5000</td>
			<td>Used as control for Vero Cell Assay</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Clostridium difficile Toxin A</td>
			<td>List Biological Labs</td>
			<td>152C</td>
			<td>Positive control for Vero Cell Assay</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">D-cycloserine</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>C6880</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Distilled Water</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15230</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">DMEM 1X Media</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>11965-092</td>
			<td>Needs to be heated in water bath at 37C prior to use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Fructose</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>L95500</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Hemocytometer</td>
			<td>Bright-Line, Sigma</td>
			<td>Z359629</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:292px;">KH2PO4</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">P285-500</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:292px;">MgSO4 (anhydrous)</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">M2643</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:292px;">Millex-GS 0.22 &#956;m filter</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Millex-GS</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SLGS033SS</td>
			<td style="width:483px;">Filter for TCCFA plates&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:292px;">Na2HPO4</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S-0876</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">NaCl</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S640-3</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Number 10 disposable scalpel blade</td>
			<td>Miltex, Inc</td>
			<td>4-410</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">PCR Plates</td>
			<td>Fisherbrand</td>
			<td>14230244</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Plastic petri dish</td>
			<td>Kord-Valmark Brand</td>
			<td>2900</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Sterile plastic L-shaped cell spreader</td>
			<td>Fisherbrand</td>
			<td>14-665-230</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Syringe Stepper</td>
			<td>Dymax Corporation</td>
			<td>T15469</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Taurocholate</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>T4009</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Ultrapure distilled water</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>10977-015</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:292px;">C57BL/6J Mice</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">The Jackson Laboratory</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">664</td>
			<td style="width:483px;">Mice should be 5-8 weeks of age</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Olympus BX43F light microscope</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Olympus Life Science</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:483px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">DP27 camera</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Olympus Life Science</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:483px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">cellSens Dimension software&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Olympus Life Science</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:483px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

cefoperazone-treated mouse model of clinically-relevant clostridium difficile strain r20291

Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming enteric pathogen that is associated with increasing morbidity and mortality and consequently poses an urgent threat to public health. Recurrence of a C. difficile infection (CDI) after successful treatment with antibiotics is high, occurring in 20-30% of patients, thus necessitating the discovery of novel therapeutics against this pathogen. Current animal models of CDI result in high mortality rates and thus do not approximate the chronic, insidious disease manifestations seen in humans with CDI. To evaluate therapeutics against C. difficile, a mouse model approximating human disease utilizing a clinically-relevant strain is needed. This protocol outlines the cefoperazone mouse model of CDI using a clinically-relevant and genetically-tractable strain, R20291. Techniques for clinical disease monitoring, C. difficile bacterial enumeration, toxin cytotoxicity, and histopathological changes throughout CDI in a mouse model are detailed in the protocol. Compared to other mouse models of CDI, this model is not uniformly lethal at the dose administered, allowing for the observation of a prolonged clinical course of infection concordant with the human disease. Therefore, this cefoperazone mouse model of CDI proves a valuable experimental platform to assess the effects of novel therapeutics on the amelioration of clinical disease and on the restoration of colonization resistance against C. difficile.

במהלך מחקר נציג, 5 שבועות בן C57BL / 6 עכברים WT טופלו קודם cefoperazone במי השתייה שלהם (0.5 מ&quot;ג / מ&quot;ל) במשך 5 ימים, מותר 2-יום לשטוף עם מי שתייה רגילים. עכברים היו תיגר עם 10 5 נבגים של C. difficile R20291 gavage דרך הפה ביום 0 (איור 1 א). עכברים נוטרו לירידה ?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291 at JoVE.com

Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291

פרוטוקול זה מתאר את מודל עכבר cefoperazone של זיהום difficile Clostridium (CDI) באמצעות זן קליני רלוונטי וגנטי-צייתן, R20291. דגש על ניטור מחלה קליני, פקידת חיידקי C. difficile, cytotoxicity רעלן, ושינויי histopathological ברחבי CDI במודל של עכברים מפורטים בפרוטוקול.

Cefoperazone שטופל עכבר דגם של קליני רלוונטי<em&gt; Clostridium difficile</em&gt; R20291 הזנים

Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming enteric pathogen that is associated with increasing morbidity and mortality and ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291

Culturing and Maintaining Clostridium difficile in an Anaerobic Environment

Culturing and Maintaining Clostridium difficile in an Anaerobic Environment

Culturing ושמירה<em&gt; Difficile Clostridium</em&gt; בסביבת אנאירובית

Clostridium  difficile is a Gram-positive, anaerobic, sporogenic bacterium  that is primarily responsible for antibiotic associated diarrhea (AAD) and is ...

Prevention of Heat Stress Adverse Effects in Rats by Bacillus subtilis Strain

Prevention of Heat Stress Adverse Effects in Rats by Bacillus subtilis Strain

מניעת חום מתח תופעות לוואי בחולדות על ידי<em&gt; Subtilis Bacillus</em&gt; זנים

This study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of the Bacillus subtilis strain against complications related to heat stress. Thirty-two ...

A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment

A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment

פרוטוקול לאפיין את השינויים המורפולוגיים של<em&gt; Clostridium difficile</em&gt; בתגובה לטיפול אנטיביוטי

Assessment of antibiotic action with new drug development directed towards anaerobic bacteria is difficult and technically demanding. To gain insight into ...

Influenza A Virus Studies in a Mouse Model of Infection

מחקרים וירוס שפעת A במודל של עכברים של זיהום

Influenza viruses cause over 500,000 deaths worldwide1 and are associated with an annual cost of 12 - 14 billion USD in the United States alone ...

A Protein Microarray Assay for Serological Determination of Antigen-specific Antibody Responses Following Clostridium difficile Infection

A Protein Microarray Assay for Serological Determination of Antigen-specific Antibody Responses Following Clostridium difficile Infection

שיטת Microarray לקביעת סרולוגית לזיהום Clostridium difficile נוגדן התגובות הבאות אנטיגן ספציפי

We provide a detailed overview of a novel high-throughput protein microarray assay for the determination of anti-Clostridium difficile antibody levels in ...

A Purification and In Vitro Activity Assay for a (p)ppGpp Synthetase from Clostridium difficile

A Purification and In Vitro Activity Assay for a pppGpp Synthetase from Clostridium difficile

ב חוץ גופית Assay פעילות עבור ppGpp (p) המעביר מ Clostridium difficile וטיהור

Kinase and pyrophosphokinase enzymes transfer the gamma phosphate or the beta-gamma pyrophosphate moiety from nucleotide triphosphate precursors to ...

A Controlled Mouse Model for Neonatal Polymicrobial Sepsis

דגם עכבר מבוקר Neonatal אלח דם Polymicrobial

Neonatal sepsis remains a global burden. A preclinical model to screen effective prophylactic or therapeutic interventions is needed. Neonatal mouse ...

Measurement of Pulse Propagation Velocity, Distensibility and Strain in an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Mouse Model

מדידה של מהירות הפצת הדופק, Distensibility והזן במודל מפרצת של אבי העורקים הבטני

An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is defined as a localized dilation of the abdominal aorta that exceeds the maximal intraluminal diameter (MILD) by 1.5 ...

Constructing Mutants in Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 519/43

Constructing Mutants in Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 519/43

בניית מוטנטים בסרוטיפ 1 סטרפטוקוקוס דלקת ריאות זן 519/43

Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 remains a huge problem in low-and-middle income countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite its importance, ...

Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis: An Intraocular Inflammatory Mouse Model

אובאיטיס אוטואימונית ניסיונית: מודל עכבר דלקתי תוך עיני

Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis (EAU) is driven by immune cells responding to self-antigens. Many features of this non-infectious, intraocular ...