Name: cefoperazone-treated mouse model of clinically-relevant clostridium difficile strain r20291
Uploaded: 2016-12-10T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291 at JoVE.com

The authors would like to thank Trevor Lawley at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute for C. difficile R20291 spores and James S. Guy at the North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine for Vero cells, both utilized in this manuscript. Animal histopathology was performed in the LCCC Animal Histopathology Core Facility at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, with special assistance from Traci Raley and Amanda Brown. The LCCC Animal Histopathology Core is supported in part by an NCI Center Core Support Grant (2P30CA016086-40) to the UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center. We would also like to thank Vincent Young, Anna Seekatz, Jhansi Leslie, and Cassie Schumacher for helpful discussions on the Vero cell cytotoxicity assay protocol. JAW is funded by the Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award Research Training grant T32OD011130 by NIH. CMT is funded by the career development award in metabolomics grant K01GM109236 by the NIGMS of the NIH.

Dichiarazione etica: La cura degli animali e Usa Comitato Istituzionale (IACUC) alla North Carolina State University College di Medicina Veterinaria (NCSU) ha approvato questo studio. La cura NCSU animali e utilizzare la politica applica gli standard e le linee guida stabilite nel benessere degli animali Act e di estensione Health Research Act del 1985. Laboratorio strutture animali a NCSU aderire alle linee guida indicate nella Guida per la cura e l&#39;uso di animali da laboratorio. Gli stati di salute deg...

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This protocol characterizes the clinical course, including weight loss, bacterial colonization, toxin cytotoxicity, and histopathological changes in the gastrointestinal tract, of antibiotic-treated mice challenged with C. difficile R20291 spores. There are several critical steps within the protocol where attention to detail is essential. Accurate calculation of the C. difficile spore inoculum is critical. This calculation is based on the original C. difficile spore stock enumeration, which sho...

Clostridium difficile è un anaerobica,, bacillo spore gram-positivi che causa pericolo di vita la diarrea 1. Infezione da C. difficile (CDI) è associato ad un aumento della morbilità e della mortalità umana e si traduce in più di 4,8 miliardi di $ in spese sanitarie per anno 1-4. Nel 2013, i Centri per il Controllo e la Prevenzione delle Malattie classificati C. difficile come un rischio resistenza agli antibiotici urgente, indicando che essa pone una minaccia urgente per la salute pubblica 1. Attualmente, il trattamento antibiotico con vancomicina e metronidazolo sono considerati lo standard di cura per CDI 5. Purtroppo, il ripetersi di CDI dopo il successo del trattamento con antibiotici è alto, che si verificano nel 20 - 30% dei pazienti 2,5-7. Pertanto, la scoperta di nuove terapie contro questo patogeno enterico è necessario. Per valutare terapie contro il C. difficile, un modello animale approssimare la malattia umana in acè necessario un ceppo linically rilevanti. Inizialmente, i postulati di Koch sono stati stabiliti per il C. difficile nel 1977 utilizzando un modello di criceto siriano clindamicina trattati con 8. Questo modello è ancora utilizzato oggi per studiare gli effetti delle tossine di C. difficile sulla patogenesi 9,10. Tuttavia, CDI nel modello criceto si traduce in alti tassi di mortalità e non, sul ravvicinamento delle manifestazioni della malattia insidiosi croniche che possono essere visti in esseri umani con CDI 10,11. Sulla base della accessibilità e la disponibilità di piattaforme reagente murini in ricerca, un modello murino di CDI è rilevante. Nel 2008, un modello di topo robusto CDI è stato istituito con il trattamento di topi con un cocktail di antibiotici nell&#39;acqua potabile (kanamicina, gentamicina, colistina, metronidazolo e vancomicina) per 3 giorni, seguiti da un&#39;iniezione intraperitoneale di clindamicina 12. Questo topi resi sensibili alla colite CDI e grave. Dipenderezione della dose somministrata inoculo, una serie di segni clinici e letalità può osservare utilizzando questo modello. Da quel momento, i vari regimi antibiotici sono stati studiati che alterano la flora intestinale murino, diminuendo la resistenza colonizzazione al punto in cui C. difficile può colonizzare il tratto gastrointestinale (rivisto nel miglior et al. E Lawley &amp; Young) 13,14. Più di recente, un ampio spettro di cefalosporina, cefoperazone, data in acqua potabile per 5 o 10 giorni rende riproducibile topi suscettibili di CDI 15. Dal momento che la somministrazione di cefalosporine di terza generazione sono associati ad un aumentato rischio di CDI negli esseri umani, l&#39;uso del modello cefoperazone riflette in modo più accurato la malattia 16 in natura. Cefoperazone trattati topi suscettibili di C. difficile è stato messo in discussione con entrambe le spore di C. difficile e le cellule vegetativa di una varietà di ceppi che vanno a clinicarilevanza e virulenza 17. Nonostante alcuni degli studi originali che utilizzano C. cellule vegetative difficile del come la forma infettiva, spore di C. difficile del sono considerati la principale modalità di trasmissione 18. Negli ultimi dieci anni, C. difficile R20291, un NAP1 / BI / 027 ceppo, è emerso, causando epidemie di CDI 19,20. Abbiamo cercato di determinare il decorso clinico della malattia, quando i topi Cefoperazone trattati si sono sfidati con il C. difficile ceppo clinicamente rilevante e geneticamente trattabili, R20291. Dettagli Questo protocollo il decorso clinico, tra cui la perdita di peso, la colonizzazione batterica, la tossina citotossicità, e cambiamenti istopatologici nel tratto gastrointestinale dei topi sfidati con spore di C. difficile R20291. Nel complesso, questo modello di topo si rivela essere una piattaforma sperimentale prezioso per CDI approssimare malattie umane. Questo modello caratterizzato mouse può quindi essere utilizzato per valutare gli effettidi nuove terapie per il miglioramento della malattia clinica e sul restauro della resistenza colonizzazione contro C. difficile.

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	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:292px;">#62 Perisept Sporidicial Disinfectant Cleaner&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">SSS Navigator</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">48027</td>
			<td style="width:483px;">This product will require dilution as recommended by the manufacturer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">0.22 &#956;m filter</td>
			<td>Fisherbrand</td>
			<td>09-720-3</td>
			<td>Alternative to filter plate for indivdiual samples tested in the Vero Cell Assay</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">0.25% Trypsin-EDTA</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>25200-056</td>
			<td>Needs to be heated in water bath at 37C prior to use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">0.4% Trypan Blue</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15250-061</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1% Peniciilin/Streptomycin</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15070-063</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">10% heat inactivated FBS</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>16140-071</td>
			<td>Needs to be heated in water bath at 37C prior to use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1ml plastic syringe&#160;</td>
			<td>BD Medical Supplies</td>
			<td>309628</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1X PBS</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>10010-023</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">2 ml Micro Centrifuge Screw Cap</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>430917</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">96 well cell culture flat bottom plate</td>
			<td>Costar Corning</td>
			<td>CL3595</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">96 well filter plate</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>MSGVS2210</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Adhesive Seal</td>
			<td>ThermoScientific</td>
			<td>AB-0558</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:292px;">Bacto Agar</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Becton Dickinson</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">214010</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:292px;">Bacto Proteose Peptone</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Becton Dickinson</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">211684</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Cefoperazone</td>
			<td>MP Bioworks</td>
			<td>199695</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Cefoxitine</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>C47856</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Clostridium difficile Antitoxin Kit</td>
			<td>Tech Labs</td>
			<td>T5000</td>
			<td>Used as control for Vero Cell Assay</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Clostridium difficile Toxin A</td>
			<td>List Biological Labs</td>
			<td>152C</td>
			<td>Positive control for Vero Cell Assay</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">D-cycloserine</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>C6880</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Distilled Water</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15230</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">DMEM 1X Media</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>11965-092</td>
			<td>Needs to be heated in water bath at 37C prior to use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Fructose</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>L95500</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Hemocytometer</td>
			<td>Bright-Line, Sigma</td>
			<td>Z359629</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:292px;">KH2PO4</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">P285-500</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:292px;">MgSO4 (anhydrous)</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">M2643</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:292px;">Millex-GS 0.22 &#956;m filter</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Millex-GS</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SLGS033SS</td>
			<td style="width:483px;">Filter for TCCFA plates&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:292px;">Na2HPO4</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S-0876</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">NaCl</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S640-3</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Number 10 disposable scalpel blade</td>
			<td>Miltex, Inc</td>
			<td>4-410</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">PCR Plates</td>
			<td>Fisherbrand</td>
			<td>14230244</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Plastic petri dish</td>
			<td>Kord-Valmark Brand</td>
			<td>2900</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Sterile plastic L-shaped cell spreader</td>
			<td>Fisherbrand</td>
			<td>14-665-230</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Syringe Stepper</td>
			<td>Dymax Corporation</td>
			<td>T15469</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Taurocholate</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>T4009</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Ultrapure distilled water</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>10977-015</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:292px;">C57BL/6J Mice</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">The Jackson Laboratory</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">664</td>
			<td style="width:483px;">Mice should be 5-8 weeks of age</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Olympus BX43F light microscope</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Olympus Life Science</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:483px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">DP27 camera</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Olympus Life Science</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:483px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">cellSens Dimension software&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Olympus Life Science</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:483px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

cefoperazone-treated mouse model of clinically-relevant clostridium difficile strain r20291

Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming enteric pathogen that is associated with increasing morbidity and mortality and consequently poses an urgent threat to public health. Recurrence of a C. difficile infection (CDI) after successful treatment with antibiotics is high, occurring in 20-30% of patients, thus necessitating the discovery of novel therapeutics against this pathogen. Current animal models of CDI result in high mortality rates and thus do not approximate the chronic, insidious disease manifestations seen in humans with CDI. To evaluate therapeutics against C. difficile, a mouse model approximating human disease utilizing a clinically-relevant strain is needed. This protocol outlines the cefoperazone mouse model of CDI using a clinically-relevant and genetically-tractable strain, R20291. Techniques for clinical disease monitoring, C. difficile bacterial enumeration, toxin cytotoxicity, and histopathological changes throughout CDI in a mouse model are detailed in the protocol. Compared to other mouse models of CDI, this model is not uniformly lethal at the dose administered, allowing for the observation of a prolonged clinical course of infection concordant with the human disease. Therefore, this cefoperazone mouse model of CDI proves a valuable experimental platform to assess the effects of novel therapeutics on the amelioration of clinical disease and on the restoration of colonization resistance against C. difficile.

Durante uno studio rappresentativo, 5 settimane di età C57BL / 6 topi WT sono stati pretrattati con cefoperazone nella loro acqua potabile (0,5 mg / ml) per 5 giorni e ha permesso a 2 giorni lavare con acqua potabile normale. I topi sono stati sfidati con 10 5 spore di C. difficile R20291 tramite sonda gastrica al giorno 0 (Figura 1A). I topi sono stati monitorati per la perdita di peso e segni clinici (letargia, inappetenza, diarrea, e la postura in...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291 at JoVE.com

Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291

Questo protocollo delinea il modello di topo cefoperazone di infezione da Clostridium difficile (CDI) con un ceppo clinicamente rilevante e geneticamente trattabili, R20291. L&#39;enfasi sul monitoraggio clinico della malattia, C. enumerazione batterica difficile, la tossina citotossicità, e cambiamenti istopatologici tutto CDI in un modello di topo sono dettagliati nel protocollo.

Cefoperazone trattati modello murino di clinicamente rilevanti<em&gt; Clostridium difficile</em&gt; R20291 Strain

Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming enteric pathogen that is associated with increasing morbidity and mortality and ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291

Culturing and Maintaining Clostridium difficile in an Anaerobic Environment

Culturing and Maintaining Clostridium difficile in an Anaerobic Environment

Coltura e manutenzione<em&gt; Clostridium difficile</em&gt; In un ambiente anaerobico

Clostridium  difficile is a Gram-positive, anaerobic, sporogenic bacterium  that is primarily responsible for antibiotic associated diarrhea (AAD) and is ...

Ricerca

Immunologia e infezioni

Prevention of Heat Stress Adverse Effects in Rats by Bacillus subtilis Strain

Prevention of Heat Stress Adverse Effects in Rats by Bacillus subtilis Strain

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This study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of the Bacillus subtilis strain against complications related to heat stress. Thirty-two ...

A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment

A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment

Un protocollo per caratterizzare i cambiamenti morfologici di<em&gt; Clostridium difficile</em&gt; In risposta al trattamento antibiotico

Assessment of antibiotic action with new drug development directed towards anaerobic bacteria is difficult and technically demanding. To gain insight into ...

Influenza A Virus Studies in a Mouse Model of Infection

Studi del Virus di riossidazione A in un modello murino di infezione

Influenza viruses cause over 500,000 deaths worldwide1 and are associated with an annual cost of 12 - 14 billion USD in the United States alone ...

A Protein Microarray Assay for Serological Determination of Antigen-specific Antibody Responses Following Clostridium difficile Infection

A Protein Microarray Assay for Serological Determination of Antigen-specific Antibody Responses Following Clostridium difficile Infection

Un'analisi di Microarray della proteina per determinazione sierologica dell'infezione di Clostridium difficile anticorpo seguenti risposte antigene-specifiche

We provide a detailed overview of a novel high-throughput protein microarray assay for the determination of anti-Clostridium difficile antibody levels in ...

A Purification and In Vitro Activity Assay for a (p)ppGpp Synthetase from Clostridium difficile

A Purification and In Vitro Activity Assay for a pppGpp Synthetase from Clostridium difficile

Una purificazione e l'analisi di attività In Vitro per un ppGpp (p) sintetasi da Clostridium difficile

Kinase and pyrophosphokinase enzymes transfer the gamma phosphate or the beta-gamma pyrophosphate moiety from nucleotide triphosphate precursors to ...

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Un modello di Mouse controllata per sepsi polimicrobica neonatale

Neonatal sepsis remains a global burden. A preclinical model to screen effective prophylactic or therapeutic interventions is needed. Neonatal mouse ...

Measurement of Pulse Propagation Velocity, Distensibility and Strain in an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Mouse Model

Misurazione della velocità di propagazione dell'impulso, distensiabilità e deformazione in un modello di topo abdominato di aneurisma aortico

An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is defined as a localized dilation of the abdominal aorta that exceeds the maximal intraluminal diameter (MILD) by 1.5 ...

Constructing Mutants in Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 519/43

Constructing Mutants in Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 519/43

Costruzione di mutanti nel sierotipo 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae ceppo 519/43

Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 remains a huge problem in low-and-middle income countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite its importance, ...

Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis: An Intraocular Inflammatory Mouse Model

Uveite autoimmune sperimentale: un modello murino infiammatorio intraoculare

Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis (EAU) is driven by immune cells responding to self-antigens. Many features of this non-infectious, intraocular ...