Name: cefoperazone-treated mouse model of clinically-relevant clostridium difficile strain r20291
Uploaded: 2016-12-10T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291 at JoVE.com

The authors would like to thank Trevor Lawley at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute for C. difficile R20291 spores and James S. Guy at the North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine for Vero cells, both utilized in this manuscript. Animal histopathology was performed in the LCCC Animal Histopathology Core Facility at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, with special assistance from Traci Raley and Amanda Brown. The LCCC Animal Histopathology Core is supported in part by an NCI Center Core Support Grant (2P30CA016086-40) to the UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center. We would also like to thank Vincent Young, Anna Seekatz, Jhansi Leslie, and Cassie Schumacher for helpful discussions on the Vero cell cytotoxicity assay protocol. JAW is funded by the Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award Research Training grant T32OD011130 by NIH. CMT is funded by the career development award in metabolomics grant K01GM109236 by the NIGMS of the NIH.

윤리 정책 : 동물 용 의약품의 노스 캐롤라이나 주립 대학에서 기관 동물 관리 및 사용위원회 (IACUC) (NCSU)이 연구를 승인했다. NCSU 동물 관리 및 정책 NCSU에서 1985 년 실험 동물 시설의 동물 복지법 및 건강 연구 연장 법에 명시된 기준과 지침 실험실 동물의 관리 및 사용에 대한 가이드에 명시된 가이드 라인을 준수를 적용합니다. 동물의 건강 상태를 매일 평가하고, 죽어가는 동물을...

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This protocol characterizes the clinical course, including weight loss, bacterial colonization, toxin cytotoxicity, and histopathological changes in the gastrointestinal tract, of antibiotic-treated mice challenged with C. difficile R20291 spores. There are several critical steps within the protocol where attention to detail is essential. Accurate calculation of the C. difficile spore inoculum is critical. This calculation is based on the original C. difficile spore stock enumeration, which sho...

클로스 트리 디움 디피는 생명을 위협하는 설사 일이 발생 혐기성, 그람 양성, 포자 형성 간균이다. C. 디피 감염 (CDI)는 올해 1 ~ 4 당 의료 비용 이상의 $ 4.8 억 증가 인간의 이환율과 사망률 및 결과와 연결되어 있습니다. 2013 년 질병 통제 예방 센터 (CDC)는 공중 보건 1 긴급한 위협을 나타내는, 긴급 항생제 내성의 위험으로 C. 디피을 분류. 현재 항생제 반코마이신 치료 및 메트로니다졸은 CDI 5에 대한 치료의 표준으로 간주됩니다. 환자 2,5-7의 30 % - 불행하게도, 항생제 성공적인 치료 후 CDI의 재발은 20에서 발생하는 높은입니다. 따라서,이 장내 병원균에 대한 새로운 치료제의 발견이 필요하다. C. 디피 교류에서 인간의 질병에 근접 동물 모델에 대한 치료제를 평가하려면linically 관련 변형이 필요하다. 처음 코흐의 공리는 클린다마이신 처리 시리아 햄스터 모델 (8)을 사용하여 1977 년 C. 디피 위해 설립되었다. 이 모델은 아직 병인 9, 10에 C. 디피 독소의 영향을 조사하기 위해 오늘 사용된다. 그러나, CDI는 햄스터 모델에서 높은 사망률을 초래하고 CDI 10, 11와 인간에서 볼 수있는 만성 교활한 질병의 발현에 근접하지 않습니다. 연구 뮤린 플랫폼 접근성 시약 가용성에 따라, CDI의 마우스 모델에 적합하다. 2008 년 CDI의 강력한 마우스 모델은 클린다마이신 (12)의 복강 내 주사 한 다음 3 일간 항생제 물을 마시는 칵테일 (카나마이신, 겐타 마이신, 콜리 스틴, 메트로니다졸, 및 반코마이신)와 쥐를 처리하여 설립되었다. CDI 심각한 대장염에 감염이 렌더링 된 마우스. 따라투여 접종 용량에 보내고, 임상 증상 및 치사율의 범위는이 모델을 사용하여 관찰 할 수있다. 이 시간 이후, 다양한 항생제 요법은 C. 디피는 위장관 식민지 수있는 지점에 식민지 저항을 감소 쥐의 장내 미생물을 변경하는 조사되었다 (베스트 등 검토.을 Lawley &amp; 영) 13, 14. 최근 5 또는 10 일 동안 마시는 물에 주어진 광범위한 스펙트럼 세 팔로 스포린, cefoperazone는 재현성 CDI (15)에 민감한 쥐를 렌더링합니다. 3 세대 세 팔로 스포린의 투여는 인간에서 CDI의 위험 증가와 관련되어 있기 때문에, cefoperazone 모델의 사용은 더 정확하게 질병 16 자연 발생 반영한다. Cefoperazone 처리 C. 디피에 민감한 마우스는 C. 디피 포자 및 임상에 이르기까지 균주의 다양한 식물 세포 모두에 도전 한관련성 및 독성 17. 전염성 형태로 C. 디피 식물 세포를 이용하여 기존 연구의 일부에도 불구하고, C. 디피 포자 전송 (18)의 주요 모드 간주됩니다. 지난 10 년, C. 디피 R20291하는 NAP1 / BI / 027 균주는, CDI (19, 20)의 전염병을 일으키는 원인이 등장했다. 우리는 cefoperazone 처리 된 마우스는 임상 적으로 관련 및 유전자 다루기 쉬운 C. 디피 변형, R20291에 도전했을 때 질병의 임상 경과를 결정하기 위해 노력했다. 이 프로토콜은 체중 감소, 세균 식민지, 독소의 세포 독성 및 C. 디피 R20291 포자와 도전 마우스의 위장관에서의 조직 병리학 적 변화를 포함하여 임상 경과를 자세히 설명합니다. 전반적으로,이 마우스 모델은 CDI는 인간의 질병을 근사위한 유용한 실험 플랫폼으로 증명한다. 이 특징으로, 마우스 모델은 이에 영향을 평가하기 위해 사용될 수있다임상 질환의 경감에와 C. 디피에 대한 식민지 저항의 복원에 대한 새로운 치료제의.

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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:292px;">#62 Perisept Sporidicial Disinfectant Cleaner&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">SSS Navigator</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">48027</td>
			<td style="width:483px;">This product will require dilution as recommended by the manufacturer</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">0.22 &#956;m filter</td>
			<td>Fisherbrand</td>
			<td>09-720-3</td>
			<td>Alternative to filter plate for indivdiual samples tested in the Vero Cell Assay</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">0.25% Trypsin-EDTA</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>25200-056</td>
			<td>Needs to be heated in water bath at 37C prior to use</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">0.4% Trypan Blue</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15250-061</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1% Peniciilin/Streptomycin</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15070-063</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">10% heat inactivated FBS</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>16140-071</td>
			<td>Needs to be heated in water bath at 37C prior to use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1ml plastic syringe&#160;</td>
			<td>BD Medical Supplies</td>
			<td>309628</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1X PBS</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>10010-023</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">2 ml Micro Centrifuge Screw Cap</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>430917</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">96 well cell culture flat bottom plate</td>
			<td>Costar Corning</td>
			<td>CL3595</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">96 well filter plate</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>MSGVS2210</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Adhesive Seal</td>
			<td>ThermoScientific</td>
			<td>AB-0558</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:292px;">Bacto Agar</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Becton Dickinson</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">214010</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:292px;">Bacto Proteose Peptone</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Becton Dickinson</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">211684</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Cefoperazone</td>
			<td>MP Bioworks</td>
			<td>199695</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Cefoxitine</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>C47856</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Clostridium difficile Antitoxin Kit</td>
			<td>Tech Labs</td>
			<td>T5000</td>
			<td>Used as control for Vero Cell Assay</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Clostridium difficile Toxin A</td>
			<td>List Biological Labs</td>
			<td>152C</td>
			<td>Positive control for Vero Cell Assay</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">D-cycloserine</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>C6880</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Distilled Water</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15230</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">DMEM 1X Media</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>11965-092</td>
			<td>Needs to be heated in water bath at 37C prior to use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Fructose</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>L95500</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Hemocytometer</td>
			<td>Bright-Line, Sigma</td>
			<td>Z359629</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:292px;">KH2PO4</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">P285-500</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:292px;">MgSO4 (anhydrous)</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">M2643</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:292px;">Millex-GS 0.22 &#956;m filter</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Millex-GS</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SLGS033SS</td>
			<td style="width:483px;">Filter for TCCFA plates&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:292px;">Na2HPO4</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S-0876</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">NaCl</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S640-3</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Number 10 disposable scalpel blade</td>
			<td>Miltex, Inc</td>
			<td>4-410</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">PCR Plates</td>
			<td>Fisherbrand</td>
			<td>14230244</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Plastic petri dish</td>
			<td>Kord-Valmark Brand</td>
			<td>2900</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Sterile plastic L-shaped cell spreader</td>
			<td>Fisherbrand</td>
			<td>14-665-230</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Syringe Stepper</td>
			<td>Dymax Corporation</td>
			<td>T15469</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Taurocholate</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>T4009</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Ultrapure distilled water</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>10977-015</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:292px;">C57BL/6J Mice</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">The Jackson Laboratory</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">664</td>
			<td style="width:483px;">Mice should be 5-8 weeks of age</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Olympus BX43F light microscope</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Olympus Life Science</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:483px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">DP27 camera</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Olympus Life Science</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:483px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">cellSens Dimension software&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Olympus Life Science</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:483px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

cefoperazone-treated mouse model of clinically-relevant clostridium difficile strain r20291

Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming enteric pathogen that is associated with increasing morbidity and mortality and consequently poses an urgent threat to public health. Recurrence of a C. difficile infection (CDI) after successful treatment with antibiotics is high, occurring in 20-30% of patients, thus necessitating the discovery of novel therapeutics against this pathogen. Current animal models of CDI result in high mortality rates and thus do not approximate the chronic, insidious disease manifestations seen in humans with CDI. To evaluate therapeutics against C. difficile, a mouse model approximating human disease utilizing a clinically-relevant strain is needed. This protocol outlines the cefoperazone mouse model of CDI using a clinically-relevant and genetically-tractable strain, R20291. Techniques for clinical disease monitoring, C. difficile bacterial enumeration, toxin cytotoxicity, and histopathological changes throughout CDI in a mouse model are detailed in the protocol. Compared to other mouse models of CDI, this model is not uniformly lethal at the dose administered, allowing for the observation of a prolonged clinical course of infection concordant with the human disease. Therefore, this cefoperazone mouse model of CDI proves a valuable experimental platform to assess the effects of novel therapeutics on the amelioration of clinical disease and on the restoration of colonization resistance against C. difficile.

대표 연구 기간 동안, 5 주령 C57BL / 6 WT 마우스는 5 일 자신의 식수 (0.5 ㎎ / ㎖)에 cefoperazone으로 전처리 및 2 박 정기적으로 마시는 물로 씻어시켰다. 마우스는 하루 0 (그림 1A)에 구강 투여를 통해 C. 디피 R20291 10 5 포자에 도전했다. 마우스는 14 일 동안 CDI의 체중 감소와 임상 증상 (혼수, 식욕 부진, 설사, 및 구부리고 자세)에 대해 모니터링 하였?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291 at JoVE.com

Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291

이 프로토콜은 임상 적으로 관련 및 유전자 다루기 쉬운 변형, R20291를 사용 클로스 트리 디움 디피 감염 (CDI)의 cefoperazone 마우스 모델을 설명합니다. 임상 질병 모니터링, C. 디피 세균 열거, 독소의 세포 독성 및 마우스 모델에서 CDI에 걸쳐 조직 병리학 적 변화에 대한 강조는 프로토콜에 자세히 설명되어 있습니다.

의 Cefoperazone 처리 된 마우스 모델 임상 관련<em&gt; 클로스 트리 디움 디피</em&gt; 스트레인 R20291

Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming enteric pathogen that is associated with increasing morbidity and mortality and ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291

Culturing and Maintaining Clostridium difficile in an Anaerobic Environment

Culturing and Maintaining Clostridium difficile in an Anaerobic Environment

배양 및 유지<em&gt; 클로 스트 리듐 디피</em&gt; 혐기성 환경에서

Clostridium  difficile is a Gram-positive, anaerobic, sporogenic bacterium  that is primarily responsible for antibiotic associated diarrhea (AAD) and is ...

연구

면역학 및 감염병학

Prevention of Heat Stress Adverse Effects in Rats by Bacillus subtilis Strain

Prevention of Heat Stress Adverse Effects in Rats by Bacillus subtilis Strain

히트의 예방에 의한 흰쥐의 반작용을 스트레스<em&gt; 고초균</em&gt; 스트레인

This study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of the Bacillus subtilis strain against complications related to heat stress. Thirty-two ...

A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment

A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment

형태 변화를 규명하기위한 프로토콜<em&gt; 클로스 트리 디움 디피 실</em&gt; 항생제 치료에 대한 반응

Assessment of antibiotic action with new drug development directed towards anaerobic bacteria is difficult and technically demanding. To gain insight into ...

Influenza A Virus Studies in a Mouse Model of Infection

감염 마우스 모델에서 인플루엔자 A 바이러스 연구

Influenza viruses cause over 500,000 deaths worldwide1 and are associated with an annual cost of 12 - 14 billion USD in the United States alone ...

A Protein Microarray Assay for Serological Determination of Antigen-specific Antibody Responses Following Clostridium difficile Infection

A Protein Microarray Assay for Serological Determination of Antigen-specific Antibody Responses Following Clostridium difficile Infection

항 원 특정 항 체 응답 다음 Clostridium 남과 어울리지 않 는 감염의 혈 청 학적인 결정에 대 한 단백질 Microarray 분석 결과

We provide a detailed overview of a novel high-throughput protein microarray assay for the determination of anti-Clostridium difficile antibody levels in ...

A Purification and In Vitro Activity Assay for a (p)ppGpp Synthetase from Clostridium difficile

A Purification and In Vitro Activity Assay for a pppGpp Synthetase from Clostridium difficile

정화 및 체 외에서 활동 분석 결과 (p) ppGpp Clostridium 남과 어울리지 않 는에서 합성에 대 한

Kinase and pyrophosphokinase enzymes transfer the gamma phosphate or the beta-gamma pyrophosphate moiety from nucleotide triphosphate precursors to ...

A Controlled Mouse Model for Neonatal Polymicrobial Sepsis

신생아 Polymicrobial 패 혈 증에 대 한 제어 마우스 모델

Neonatal sepsis remains a global burden. A preclinical model to screen effective prophylactic or therapeutic interventions is needed. Neonatal mouse ...

Measurement of Pulse Propagation Velocity, Distensibility and Strain in an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Mouse Model

복부 대동맥류 마우스 모델에서 맥박 전파 속도, 감도 및 변형률 측정

An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is defined as a localized dilation of the abdominal aorta that exceeds the maximal intraluminal diameter (MILD) by 1.5 ...

Constructing Mutants in Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 519/43

Constructing Mutants in Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 519/43

혈청형 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae 균주 519/43에서 돌연변이 구성

Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 remains a huge problem in low-and-middle income countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite its importance, ...

Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis: An Intraocular Inflammatory Mouse Model

실험적 자가면역 포도막염: 안구내 염증성 마우스 모델

Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis (EAU) is driven by immune cells responding to self-antigens. Many features of this non-infectious, intraocular ...