Name: cefoperazone-treated mouse model of clinically-relevant clostridium difficile strain r20291
Uploaded: 2016-12-10T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291 at JoVE.com

The authors would like to thank Trevor Lawley at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute for C. difficile R20291 spores and James S. Guy at the North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine for Vero cells, both utilized in this manuscript. Animal histopathology was performed in the LCCC Animal Histopathology Core Facility at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, with special assistance from Traci Raley and Amanda Brown. The LCCC Animal Histopathology Core is supported in part by an NCI Center Core Support Grant (2P30CA016086-40) to the UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center. We would also like to thank Vincent Young, Anna Seekatz, Jhansi Leslie, and Cassie Schumacher for helpful discussions on the Vero cell cytotoxicity assay protocol. JAW is funded by the Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award Research Training grant T32OD011130 by NIH. CMT is funded by the career development award in metabolomics grant K01GM109236 by the NIGMS of the NIH.

Etik Açıklama: Veteriner North Carolina State University College&#39;da Kurumsal Hayvan Bakım ve Kullanım Komitesi (IACUC) (NCSU) bu çalışmayı onayladı. NCSU Hayvan Bakım ve politika Kuzey Carolina Devlet 1985. Laboratuar hayvanları tesislerinin Hayvan Refahı Yasası ve Sağlık Araştırması Uzatma Yasası belirtilen standartlar ve ilkeler Laboratuvar Hayvanları Bakım ve Kullanımı için Kılavuzu&#39;nda belirtilen kurallara uymak geçerlidir kullanın. Hayvanların sağlık duruml...

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This protocol characterizes the clinical course, including weight loss, bacterial colonization, toxin cytotoxicity, and histopathological changes in the gastrointestinal tract, of antibiotic-treated mice challenged with C. difficile R20291 spores. There are several critical steps within the protocol where attention to detail is essential. Accurate calculation of the C. difficile spore inoculum is critical. This calculation is based on the original C. difficile spore stock enumeration, which sho...

Clostridium difficile hayatı tehdit eden ishal 1 neden olan bir anaerobik, gram pozitif, spor oluşturan basildir. C. difficile enfeksiyonu (CDI) yıl 1-4 başına sağlık maliyetlerinde üzerinde 4800000000 $ artmış, insan morbidite ve mortalite ve sonuçları ile ilişkilidir. 2013 yılında, Hastalık Kontrol ve Önleme Merkezleri kamu sağlığı 1 acil tehlike teşkil ettiğini gösteren, acil antibiyotik direnç riski C. difficile kategorize. Şu anda, antibiyotik vankomisin ile tedavi ve metronidazol CDI 5 için standart bakım olarak kabul edilir. Hastaların 2,5-7% 30 - Ne yazık ki, antibiyotik başarılı tedavi sonrası CDI tekrar 20 meydana gelen, yüksek. Bu nedenle, bu enterik patojene karşı yeni terapötiklerin keşfi gereklidir. C. difficile, ac insan hastalığı yaklaşan bir hayvan modelinde karşı ilaç gruplarına değerlendirmeklinically-İlgili suşu gereklidir. Başlangıçta, Koch Postülatları bir klindamisin ile tedavi edilen Suriye hamster modeli 8 kullanılarak 1977 yılında C. difficile için kurulmuştur. Bu model hala patogenezi 9,10 C. difficile toksin etkilerini araştırmak için bugün kullanılmaktadır. Ancak, CDI Hamster modelinde yüksek mortalite oranları ile sonuçlanır ve CDI 10,11 insanlarda görülebilir kronik sinsi hastalık belirtilerinin yaklaştığı değildir. Araştırmada sıçangil platformlar erişilebilirlik ve reaktif durumuna göre, CDI bir fare modeli uygundur. 2008 yılında, CDI sağlam bir fare modeli klindamisin 12 bir intraperitoneal enjeksiyon, ardından 3 gün bir antibiyotik içme suyu kokteyl (kanamisin, gentamisin, kolistin, metronidazol ve vankomisin) fareler muamele edilmesiyle kurulmuştur. CDI ve şiddetli kolit duyarlı Bu hale fareler. bağlıuygulanan aşı doz ing, klinik belirti ve letalitesinin bir dizi bu model kullanılarak görülebilir. Bu zamandan beri, çeşitli antibiyotik rejimleri C. difficile gastrointestinal sistem kolonize olabilir noktaya kolonizasyon direnci azalan, fare bağırsak Mikrobiyota değiştiren incelenmiştir (En ark gözden geçirdik. Ve Lawley &amp; Young) 13,14. Daha yakın zamanlarda, 5 ya da 10 gün boyunca içme suyu verilen geniş spektrumlu sefalosporinler, sefoperazon, tekrarlanabilir CDI 15 duyarlı fare oluşturur. Üçüncü kuşak sefalosporin verilmesinin insanlarda CDI riski ile ilişkili olduğundan, sefoperazon modelinin kullanımı daha doğru bir hastalık 16 doğal olarak meydana gelen yansıtır. Sefoperazon ile tedavi edilen C. difficile duyarlı fareler C. difficile sporlarının ve klinik olarak değişen suşları çeşitli bitkisel hücreler hem meydan edilmiştiralaka ve virülans 17. Bulaşıcı form olarak C. difficile vejetatif hücreleri kullanılarak özgün çalışmaların bazılarında rağmen, C. difficile sporlarının iletim 18 ana mod olarak kabul edilir. Son on yılda, C. difficile R20291, bir NAP1 / BI / 027 suşu, CDI 19,20 salgınlara neden ortaya çıkmıştır. Biz sefoperazon ile tedavi edilmiş fareler klinik olarak ilgili ve genetik uysal C. difficile suşu, R20291 aşılandığında hastalığın klinik seyrini belirlemeye çalıştık. Bu protokol kilo kaybı, bakteri kolonizasyonu, toksin sitotoksisite ve C. difficile R20291 sporları ile meydan farelerin gastrointestinal sistemde histopatolojik değişiklikler de dahil olmak üzere, klinik seyir ayrıntıları. Genel olarak, bu fare modeli CDI insan hastalığı yaklaştırmak için değerli bir deney platformu olduğunu kanıtlamaktadır. Bu özelliği, fare modeli, etkilerini değerlendirmek için kullanılabilirklinik hastalığın iyileştirilmesi ve C. difficile karşı kolonizasyon direnci restorasyonu yeni tedavi yöntemleri.

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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:292px;">#62 Perisept Sporidicial Disinfectant Cleaner&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">SSS Navigator</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">48027</td>
			<td style="width:483px;">This product will require dilution as recommended by the manufacturer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">0.22 &#956;m filter</td>
			<td>Fisherbrand</td>
			<td>09-720-3</td>
			<td>Alternative to filter plate for indivdiual samples tested in the Vero Cell Assay</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">0.25% Trypsin-EDTA</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>25200-056</td>
			<td>Needs to be heated in water bath at 37C prior to use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">0.4% Trypan Blue</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15250-061</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1% Peniciilin/Streptomycin</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15070-063</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">10% heat inactivated FBS</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>16140-071</td>
			<td>Needs to be heated in water bath at 37C prior to use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1ml plastic syringe&#160;</td>
			<td>BD Medical Supplies</td>
			<td>309628</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1X PBS</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>10010-023</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">2 ml Micro Centrifuge Screw Cap</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>430917</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">96 well cell culture flat bottom plate</td>
			<td>Costar Corning</td>
			<td>CL3595</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">96 well filter plate</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>MSGVS2210</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Adhesive Seal</td>
			<td>ThermoScientific</td>
			<td>AB-0558</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:292px;">Bacto Agar</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Becton Dickinson</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">214010</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:292px;">Bacto Proteose Peptone</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Becton Dickinson</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">211684</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Cefoperazone</td>
			<td>MP Bioworks</td>
			<td>199695</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Cefoxitine</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>C47856</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Clostridium difficile Antitoxin Kit</td>
			<td>Tech Labs</td>
			<td>T5000</td>
			<td>Used as control for Vero Cell Assay</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Clostridium difficile Toxin A</td>
			<td>List Biological Labs</td>
			<td>152C</td>
			<td>Positive control for Vero Cell Assay</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">D-cycloserine</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>C6880</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Distilled Water</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15230</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">DMEM 1X Media</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>11965-092</td>
			<td>Needs to be heated in water bath at 37C prior to use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Fructose</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>L95500</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Hemocytometer</td>
			<td>Bright-Line, Sigma</td>
			<td>Z359629</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:292px;">KH2PO4</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">P285-500</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:292px;">MgSO4 (anhydrous)</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">M2643</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:292px;">Millex-GS 0.22 &#956;m filter</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Millex-GS</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SLGS033SS</td>
			<td style="width:483px;">Filter for TCCFA plates&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:292px;">Na2HPO4</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S-0876</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">NaCl</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S640-3</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Number 10 disposable scalpel blade</td>
			<td>Miltex, Inc</td>
			<td>4-410</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">PCR Plates</td>
			<td>Fisherbrand</td>
			<td>14230244</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Plastic petri dish</td>
			<td>Kord-Valmark Brand</td>
			<td>2900</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Sterile plastic L-shaped cell spreader</td>
			<td>Fisherbrand</td>
			<td>14-665-230</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Syringe Stepper</td>
			<td>Dymax Corporation</td>
			<td>T15469</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Taurocholate</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>T4009</td>
			<td>Part of TCCFA plates (see below)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Ultrapure distilled water</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>10977-015</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:292px;">C57BL/6J Mice</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">The Jackson Laboratory</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">664</td>
			<td style="width:483px;">Mice should be 5-8 weeks of age</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Olympus BX43F light microscope</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Olympus Life Science</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:483px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">DP27 camera</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Olympus Life Science</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:483px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">cellSens Dimension software&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Olympus Life Science</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:483px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

cefoperazone-treated mouse model of clinically-relevant clostridium difficile strain r20291

Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming enteric pathogen that is associated with increasing morbidity and mortality and consequently poses an urgent threat to public health. Recurrence of a C. difficile infection (CDI) after successful treatment with antibiotics is high, occurring in 20-30% of patients, thus necessitating the discovery of novel therapeutics against this pathogen. Current animal models of CDI result in high mortality rates and thus do not approximate the chronic, insidious disease manifestations seen in humans with CDI. To evaluate therapeutics against C. difficile, a mouse model approximating human disease utilizing a clinically-relevant strain is needed. This protocol outlines the cefoperazone mouse model of CDI using a clinically-relevant and genetically-tractable strain, R20291. Techniques for clinical disease monitoring, C. difficile bacterial enumeration, toxin cytotoxicity, and histopathological changes throughout CDI in a mouse model are detailed in the protocol. Compared to other mouse models of CDI, this model is not uniformly lethal at the dose administered, allowing for the observation of a prolonged clinical course of infection concordant with the human disease. Therefore, this cefoperazone mouse model of CDI proves a valuable experimental platform to assess the effects of novel therapeutics on the amelioration of clinical disease and on the restoration of colonization resistance against C. difficile.

temsili bir çalışma sırasında, 5 haftalık C57BL / 6 ağırlık fareleri 5 gün boyunca içme su (0.5 mg / ml) içinde Cefoperazone&#39;un ile önceden işleme tabi tutulmuş ve 2 gün düzenli içme suyu ile yıkayın izin verildi. Farelere 0. günde (Şekil 1A) oral gavaj yoluyla C. difficile R20291 10 5 sporları ile tehdit edildi. Fareler 14 gün boyunca CDI kilo kaybı ve klinik bulgular (uyuşukluk, iştahsızlık, ishal ve kambur duruş) i...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291 at JoVE.com

Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291

Bu protokol klinik olarak ilgili ve genetik uysal gerginlik, R20291 kullanarak Clostridium difficile enfeksiyonu (CDI) sefoperazon fare modeli özetliyor. Klinik hastalık izleme, C. difficile bakteriyel numaralandırma, toksin sitotoksisite ve bir fare modelinde CDI genelinde histopatolojik değişikliklere vurgu protokolde ayrıntılı olarak verilmiştir.

ve Cefoperazone-tedavi edilmiş fare modeli klinik olarak ilgili<em&gt; Clostridium difficile</em&gt; Gerilme R20291

Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming enteric pathogen that is associated with increasing morbidity and mortality and ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291

Culturing and Maintaining Clostridium difficile in an Anaerobic Environment

Culturing and Maintaining Clostridium difficile in an Anaerobic Environment

Kültürleme ve bakımı<em&gt; Clostridium difficile</em&gt; Bir Anaerobik Çevre

Clostridium  difficile is a Gram-positive, anaerobic, sporogenic bacterium  that is primarily responsible for antibiotic associated diarrhea (AAD) and is ...

Prevention of Heat Stress Adverse Effects in Rats by Bacillus subtilis Strain

Prevention of Heat Stress Adverse Effects in Rats by Bacillus subtilis Strain

Isı Önlenmesi ile Sıçanlarda Olumsuz Etkileri Stres<em&gt; Bacillus subtilis</em&gt; Gerilme

This study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of the Bacillus subtilis strain against complications related to heat stress. Thirty-two ...

A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment

A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment

Morfolojik Değişiklikleri Karakterize Eden Bir Protokol<em&gt; Clostridium difficile</em&gt; Antibiyotik Tedavisine Yanıt Vermek

Assessment of antibiotic action with new drug development directed towards anaerobic bacteria is difficult and technically demanding. To gain insight into ...

Influenza A Virus Studies in a Mouse Model of Infection

Grip A virüs enfeksiyonu bir fare modeli çalışmalarda

Influenza viruses cause over 500,000 deaths worldwide1 and are associated with an annual cost of 12 - 14 billion USD in the United States alone ...

A Protein Microarray Assay for Serological Determination of Antigen-specific Antibody Responses Following Clostridium difficile Infection

A Protein Microarray Assay for Serological Determination of Antigen-specific Antibody Responses Following Clostridium difficile Infection

Bir Protein Mikroarray tahlil antijen spesifik antikor yanıt aşağıdaki Clostridium difficile enfeksiyon serolojik belirlenmesi için

We provide a detailed overview of a novel high-throughput protein microarray assay for the determination of anti-Clostridium difficile antibody levels in ...

A Purification and In Vitro Activity Assay for a (p)ppGpp Synthetase from Clostridium difficile

A Purification and In Vitro Activity Assay for a pppGpp Synthetase from Clostridium difficile

Bir arınma ve In Vitro etkinliği tahlil için (p) ppGpp sentetaz Clostridium difficile üzerinden

Kinase and pyrophosphokinase enzymes transfer the gamma phosphate or the beta-gamma pyrophosphate moiety from nucleotide triphosphate precursors to ...

A Controlled Mouse Model for Neonatal Polymicrobial Sepsis

Yenidoğan Polymicrobial Sepsis için kontrollü fare modeli

Neonatal sepsis remains a global burden. A preclinical model to screen effective prophylactic or therapeutic interventions is needed. Neonatal mouse ...

Measurement of Pulse Propagation Velocity, Distensibility and Strain in an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Mouse Model

Abdominal Aort Anevrizması Fare Modelinde Nabız Yayılma Hızı, Şişkinlik ve GerinimÖlçümü

An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is defined as a localized dilation of the abdominal aorta that exceeds the maximal intraluminal diameter (MILD) by 1.5 ...

Constructing Mutants in Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 519/43

Constructing Mutants in Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 519/43

Serotip 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae suşunda Mutantların İnşası 519/43

Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 remains a huge problem in low-and-middle income countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite its importance, ...

Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis: An Intraocular Inflammatory Mouse Model

Deneysel Otoimmün Üveit: Göz İçi İnflamatuar Bir Fare Modeli

Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis (EAU) is driven by immune cells responding to self-antigens. Many features of this non-infectious, intraocular ...