Name: quantitative 3d in silico modeling (q3dism) of cerebral amyloid-beta phagocytosis in rodent models of alzheimer's disease
Uploaded: 2016-12-26T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Quantitative 3D In Silico Modeling q3DISM of Cerebral Amyloid-beta Phagocytosis in Rodent Models of Alzheimer's Disease at JoVE.com

M-V.G-S. is supported by a BrightFocus Foundation Alzheimer's Disease Research Fellowship Award (A2015309F) and an Alzheimer's Association, California Southland Chapter Young Investigator Award. T.M.W. is supported by an ARCS Foundation and John Douglas French Alzheimer's Foundation Maggie McKnight Russell-JDFAF Memorial Postdoctoral Fellowship. This work was supported by the National Institute on Neurologic Disorders and Stroke (1R01NS076794-01, to T.T.), an Alzheimer's Association Zenith Fellows Award (ZEN-10-174633, to T.T.), and an American Federation of Aging Research/Ellison Medical Foundation Julie Martin Mid-Career Award in Aging Research (M11472, to T.T.). We are grateful for startup funds from the Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, which helped to make this work possible. &#8195;

Déclaration d&#39;éthique de la recherche: Toutes les expériences impliquant des animaux détaillés ici ont été approuvés par l&#39;Université de Californie du Sud Institutional Animal Care et utilisation Commission (IACUC) et réalisée en stricte conformité avec les instituts nationaux de lignes directrices de santé et des recommandations de l&#39;Association pour l&#39; évaluation et l&#39; accréditation des laboratoires animal Care international. 1. Rongeur Isoleme...

<ol>
	<li>Brookmeyer, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=National+estimates+of+the+prevalence+of+Alzheimer's+disease+in+the+United+States.">National estimates of the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease in the United States.</a> Alzheimers Dement. 7 (1), 61-73 (2011).</li><li>Selkoe, D. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Alzheimer's+disease.">Alzheimer's disease.</a> Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 3 (7), (2011).</li><li>Heneka, M. T., Golenbock, D. T., Latz, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Innate+immunity+in+Alzheimer's+disease.">Innate immunity in Alzheimer's disease.</a> Nat Immunol. 16 (3), 229-236 (2015).</li><li>Mawuenyega, , et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Decreased+clearance+of+CNS+beta-amyloid+in+Alzheimer's+disease.">Decreased clearance of CNS beta-amyloid in Alzheimer's disease.</a> Science. 330 (6012), 1774 (2010).</li><li>Hickman, S. E., Allison, E. K., El Khoury, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microglial+dysfunction+and+defective+beta-amyloid+clearance+pathways+in+aging+Alzheimer's+disease+mice.">Microglial dysfunction and defective beta-amyloid clearance pathways in aging Alzheimer's disease mice.</a> J Neurosci. 28 (33), 8354-8360 (2008).</li><li>Johnston, H., Boutin, H., Allan, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessing+the+contribution+of+inflammation+in+models+of+Alzheimer's+disease.">Assessing the contribution of inflammation in models of Alzheimer's disease.</a> Biochem Soc Trans. 39 (4), 886-890 (2011).</li><li>Gjoneska, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Conserved+epigenomic+signals+in+mice+and+humans+reveal+immune+basis+of+Alzheimer's+disease.">Conserved epigenomic signals in mice and humans reveal immune basis of Alzheimer's disease.</a> Nature. 518 (7539), 365-369 (2015).</li><li>Reitz, C., Mayeux, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Alzheimer+disease:+epidemiology,+diagnostic+criteria,+risk+factors+and+biomarkers.">Alzheimer disease: epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, risk factors and biomarkers.</a> Biochem Pharmacol. 88 (4), 640-651 (2014).</li><li>Hazrati, L. -. N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genetic+association+of+CR1+with+Alzheimer's+disease:+a+tentative+disease+mechanism.">Genetic association of CR1 with Alzheimer's disease: a tentative disease mechanism.</a> Neurobiol Aging. 33 (12), 2949 (2012).</li><li>Griciuc, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Alzheimer's+Disease+Risk+Gene+CD33+Inhibits+Microglial+Uptake+of+Amyloid+Beta.">Alzheimer's Disease Risk Gene CD33 Inhibits Microglial Uptake of Amyloid Beta.</a> Neuron. , 1-13 (2013).</li><li>Li, X., Long, J., He, T., Belshaw, R., Scott, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Integrated+genomic+approaches+identify+major+pathways+and+upstream+regulators+in+late+onset+Alzheimer's+disease.">Integrated genomic approaches identify major pathways and upstream regulators in late onset Alzheimer's disease.</a> Scientific reports. 5, 12393 (2015).</li><li>Weitz, T. M., Town, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microglia+in+Alzheimers+Disease:+"Its+All+About+Context".">Microglia in Alzheimers Disease: "Its All About Context".</a> Int J Alzheimers Dis. , 314185 (2012).</li><li>Guillot-Sestier, M. -. V., Doty, K. R., Town, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Innate+Immunity+Fights+Alzheimer's+Disease.">Innate Immunity Fights Alzheimer's Disease.</a> Trends Neurosci. 38 (11), 674-681 (2015).</li><li>Guillot-Sestier, M. -. V., Town, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Innate+immunity+in+Alzheimer's+disease:+a+complex+affair.">Innate immunity in Alzheimer's disease: a complex affair.</a> CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 12 (5), 593-607 (2013).</li><li>Jankowsky, J. L., Slunt, H. H., Ratovitski, T., Jenkins, N. A., Copeland, N. G., Borchelt, D. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Co-expression+of+multiple+transgenes+in+mouse+CNS:+a+comparison+of+strategies.">Co-expression of multiple transgenes in mouse CNS: a comparison of strategies.</a> Biomol Eng. 17 (6), 157-165 (2001).</li><li>Guillot-Sestier, M. -. V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Il10+deficiency+rebalances+innate+immunity+to+mitigate+Alzheimer-like+pathology.">Il10 deficiency rebalances innate immunity to mitigate Alzheimer-like pathology.</a> Neuron. 85 (3), 534-548 (2015).</li><li>Cohen, R. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+transgenic+Alzheimer+rat+with+plaques,+tau+pathology,+behavioral+impairment,+oligomeric+a&#946;,+and+frank+neuronal+loss.">A transgenic Alzheimer rat with plaques, tau pathology, behavioral impairment, oligomeric a&#946;, and frank neuronal loss.</a> J Neurosci. 33 (15), 6245-6256 (2013).</li><li>Imai, Y., Ibata, I., Ito, D., Ohsawa, K., Kohsaka, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+gene+iba1+in+the+major+histocompatibility+complex+class+III+region+encoding+an+EF+hand+protein+expressed+in+a+monocytic+lineage.">A novel gene iba1 in the major histocompatibility complex class III region encoding an EF hand protein expressed in a monocytic lineage.</a> Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 224 (3), 855-862 (1996).</li><li>Ohsawa, K., Imai, Y., Sasaki, Y., Kohsaka, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microglia/macrophage-specific+protein+Iba1+binds+to+fimbrin+and+enhances+its+actin-bundling+activity.">Microglia/macrophage-specific protein Iba1 binds to fimbrin and enhances its actin-bundling activity.</a> J Neurochem. 88 (4), 844-856 (2004).</li><li>Bandyopadhyay, U., Nagy, M., Fenton, W. A., Horwich, A. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Absence+of+lipofuscin+in+motor+neurons+of+SOD1-linked+ALS+mice.">Absence of lipofuscin in motor neurons of SOD1-linked ALS mice.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 111 (30), 11055-11060 (2014).</li><li>Holness, C. L., Simmons, D. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+cloning+of+CD68,+a+human+macrophage+marker+related+to+lysosomal+glycoproteins.">Molecular cloning of CD68, a human macrophage marker related to lysosomal glycoproteins.</a> Blood. 81 (6), 1607-1613 (1993).</li><li>Connor, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Phosphorylation+of+the+translation+initiation+factor+eIF2alpha+increases+BACE1+levels+and+promotes+amyloidogenesis.">Phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor eIF2alpha increases BACE1 levels and promotes amyloidogenesis.</a> Neuron. 60 (6), 988-1009 (2008).</li><li>Cai, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Phospholipase+D1+corrects+impaired+betaAPP+trafficking+and+neurite+outgrowth+in+familial+Alzheimer's+disease-linked+presenilin-1+mutant+neurons.">Phospholipase D1 corrects impaired betaAPP trafficking and neurite outgrowth in familial Alzheimer's disease-linked presenilin-1 mutant neurons.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 103 (6), 1936-1940 (2006).</li><li>Marsh, S. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+adaptive+immune+system+restrains+Alzheimer's+disease+pathogenesis+by+modulating+microglial+function.">The adaptive immune system restrains Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis by modulating microglial function.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 113 (9), 1316-1325 (2016).</li><li>Lefterov, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Apolipoprotein+A-I+deficiency+increases+cerebral+amyloid+angiopathy+and+cognitive+deficits+in+APP/PS1DeltaE9+mice.">Apolipoprotein A-I deficiency increases cerebral amyloid angiopathy and cognitive deficits in APP/PS1DeltaE9 mice.</a> J Biol. Chem. 285 (47), 36945-36957 (2010).</li><li>Blurton-Jones, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neural+stem+cells+improve+cognition+via+BDNF+in+a+transgenic+model+of+Alzheimer+disease.">Neural stem cells improve cognition via BDNF in a transgenic model of Alzheimer disease.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 106 (32), 13594-13599 (2009).</li><li>Stalder, M., Deller, T., Staufenbiel, M., Jucker, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=3D-Reconstruction+of+microglia+and+amyloid+in+APP23+transgenic+mice:+no+evidence+of+intracellular+amyloid.">3D-Reconstruction of microglia and amyloid in APP23 transgenic mice: no evidence of intracellular amyloid.</a> Neurobiol Aging. 22 (3), 427-434 (2001).</li><li>Leinenga, G., G&#246;tz, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Scanning+ultrasound+removes+amyloid-&#946;+and+restores+memory+in+an+Alzheimer's+disease+mouse+model.">Scanning ultrasound removes amyloid-&#946; and restores memory in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model.</a> Sci Transl Med. 7 (278), 33 (2015).</li><li>Liarski, V. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell+distance+mapping+identifies+functional+T+follicular+helper+cells+in+inflamed+human+renal+tissue.">Cell distance mapping identifies functional T follicular helper cells in inflamed human renal tissue.</a> Sci Transl Med. 6 (230), 46 (2014).</li><li>Nichols, L., Pike, V. W., Cai, L., Innis, R. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Imaging+and+in+vivo+quantitation+of+beta-amyloid:+an+exemplary+biomarker+for+Alzheimer's+disease.">Imaging and in vivo quantitation of beta-amyloid: an exemplary biomarker for Alzheimer's disease.</a> Biol Psychiatry. 59 (10), 940-947 (2006).</li><li>Skovronsky, D. M., Zhang, B., Kung, M. P., Kung, H. F., Trojanowski, J. Q., Lee, V. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+detection+of+amyloid+plaques+in+a+mouse+model+of+Alzheimer's+disease.">In vivo detection of amyloid plaques in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 97 (13), 7609-7614 (2000).</li><li>Lian, H., Litvinchuk, A., Chiang, A. C. -. A., Aithmitti, N., Jankowsky, J. L., Zheng, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Astrocyte-Microglia+Cross+Talk+through+Complement+Activation+Modulates+Amyloid+Pathology+in+Mouse+Models+of+Alzheimer's+Disease.">Astrocyte-Microglia Cross Talk through Complement Activation Modulates Amyloid Pathology in Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease.</a> J Neurosci. 36 (2), 577-589 (2016).</li><li>Novotny, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Conversion+of+Synthetic+A&#946;+to+In+Vivo+Active+Seeds+and+Amyloid+Plaque+Formation+in+a+Hippocampal+Slice+Culture+Model.">Conversion of Synthetic A&#946; to In Vivo Active Seeds and Amyloid Plaque Formation in a Hippocampal Slice Culture Model.</a> J Neurosci. 36 (18), 5084-5093 (2016).</li><li>Tartaro, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+a+fluorescence-based+in+vivo+phagocytosis+assay+to+measure+mononuclear+phagocyte+system+function+in+the+rat.">Development of a fluorescence-based in vivo phagocytosis assay to measure mononuclear phagocyte system function in the rat.</a> J Immunotoxicol. 12 (3), 239-246 (2015).</li></ol>

Le protocole que nous décrivons dans ce rapport pour une véritable quantification 3D de Aß phagocytose in vivo par des phagocytes mononucléaires repose sur un étiquetage spécifique des compartiments cellulaires et intracellulaires ainsi que les dépôts Aß. Plus précisément, on utilise Iba1 (ionisée calcium Binding molécule adaptatrice 1), une protéine qui est impliquée dans fronçage de la membrane et une phagocytose lors de l&#39; activation des cellules 18, 19, p...

Maladie d&#39;Alzheimer (AD), la démence liée à l&#39;âge le plus courant 1, est caractérisée par amyloïde cérébrale-β (Aß) accumulation sous forme de plaques &quot;séniles&quot; ß-amyloïde, chronique neuroinflammation de bas niveau, tauopathie, perte neuronale, et la perturbation cognitive 2 . Dans AD cerveaux de patients, neuroinflammation est affecté par les astrocytes et les phagocytes mononucléaires réactif (appelé microglie, bien que leurs centrales vs. origine périphérique reste incertaine) entourant les dépôts Aß 3. Comme les sentinelles immunitaires innées du SNC, les microglies sont positionnés centralement pour effacer le cerveau Aß. Cependant, le recrutement microglie aux plaques de Aß est accompagnée de très peu, le cas échéant, la phagocytose de Aß 4,5. Une hypothèse est que les microglies sont initialement neuroprotecteur par phagocytozing petits ensembles de Aß. Cependant, par la suite ces cellules deviennent neurotoxiques comme fardeau écrasant Aß et / ou d fonctionnelle liée à l&#39;âgeECLINE, provoque la microglie dans un phénotype proinflammatoire dysfonctionnel, ce qui contribue à la neurotoxicité et déclin cognitif 6. Association récentes Études de génome entier (GWAS) ont identifié un groupe d&#39;allèles à risque AD appartenant aux principaux voies immunitaires innées 7 qui modulent la phagocytose 8-11. Par conséquent, la réponse immunitaire à un dépôt amyloïde cérébrale est devenue un domaine d&#39;intérêt majeur, tant en termes de compréhension AD étiologie et pour développer de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques 12-14. Pourtant, il y a un besoin vital de méthodologie pour évaluer la phagocytose Aß in vivo. Pour répondre à ce besoin non satisfait, nous avons développé 3D quantitative dans la modélisation de silico (q3DISM) pour permettre vrai quantification 3D de phagocytose Aß cérébrale par les phagocytes mononucléaires dans des modèles de rongeurs de la maladie d&#39; Alzheimer-like. Limitée seulement par la mesure dans laquelle elles récapituler les maladies, les modèles animaux ontprouvé une valeur inestimable pour la compréhension de AD pathoetiology et pour évaluer les traitements expérimentaux. Compte tenu du fait que des mutations dans les présénilines (PS) et Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP), des gènes provoquent indépendamment AD autosomique dominante, ces transgènes mutants ont été largement utilisées pour produire des modèles de rongeurs transgéniques. Les souris transgéniques APP / PS1 coexpression simultanément &quot;suédois&quot; APP humaine mutante (APP SWE) et Δ exon 9 mutant de la préséniline 1 humaine (PS1ΔE9) présente avec l&#39; amylose cérébrale accélérée et neuroinflammation 15,16. En outre, nous avons généré des rats bi-transgéniques APP avec co - injectés swe et constructions PS1ΔE9 (ligne TgF344-AD, sur un fond Fischer 344). Contrairement aux modèles de souris transgéniques de l&#39; amylose cérébrale, rats TgF344-AD développent amyloïde cérébrale qui précède tauopathie, perte apoptotique des neurones, et les troubles du comportement 17. Dans ce rapport, nous décrivons un protocole pour immunostaining microglie, phagolysosomes et dépôts de Aß dans des coupes de cerveau de souris APP / PS1 et rats TgF344-AD, et l&#39;acquisition de grandes images confocale z-dimensionnelle. Nous détaillons dans la production et l&#39; analyse des véritables reconstructions 3D à partir des ensembles de données confocale permettant la quantification de Aß absorption dans phagolysosomes microgliales silico. Plus largement, la méthodologie que nous détaillons ici peut être utilisé pour quantifier pratiquement toute forme de phagocytose in vivo.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="912">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:384px;">Isoflurane</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">Abbott</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">NDC 0044-5260-05</td>
			<td style="width:249px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:384px;">Dissecting scissors</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">82027-582</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:384px;">Dissecting scissors Blunt tip</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">82027-588</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:384px;">Tweezers</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">VWR</td>
			<td>94024-408</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:384px;">23G needle</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">VWR</td>
			<td>BD305145</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:384px;">peristaltic pump FH10</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>72-310-010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:384px;">PBS 10X</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">Bioland Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">PBS01-02</td>
			<td>Working concentration 1X</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:384px;">Adult Mouse Brain Matrix, Coronal slices, Stainless Steel 1mm&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">Kent Scientific</td>
			<td>RBMS-200C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:384px;">Adult Rat Brain Matrix, Coronal slices, Stainless Steel 1mm&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">Kent Scientific</td>
			<td>RBMS-305C&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:384px;">32% Paraformaldehyde aqueous solution</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">EMS</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">15714-S</td>
			<td>Caution: Toxic. Working concentration 4% in PBS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:384px;">Ethanol</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">VWR</td>
			<td>89125-188</td>
			<td>Various concentrations, see protocol</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:384px;">Tissue-Tek Uni-cassettes Sakura</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">VWR</td>
			<td>25608-774</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:384px;">Embedding and Infiltration Paraffin</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">VWR</td>
			<td>15147-839</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:384px;">Microtome Leica RM2125</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">Leica Biosystems</td>
			<td style="width:127px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:384px;">Disposable Microtome Blades&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">25608-964</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:384px;">Water bath Leica HI 1210</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">Leica Biosystems</td>
			<td style="width:127px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:384px;">Micro slide Superfrost plus</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">48311-703</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:384px;">Xylene</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">534056-4X4L</td>
			<td style="width:249px;">Caution: Toxic&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:384px;">Target Retrieval Solution 10X</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">DAKO</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">S1699</td>
			<td>Working concentration 1X</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">KimWipes</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">VWR</td>
			<td>21905-026</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:384px;">Hydrophobic PAP pen</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">95025-252</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:384px;">Triton X-100</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">97062-208</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:384px;">Normal Donkey Serum</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">Jackson Immuno</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">017-000-121</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:384px;">Coverslips</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">48393081</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:384px;">Prolong Gold antifade reagent with DAPI</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">P36935</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:384px;">Glass Slide Rack</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">100492-942</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:384px;">Iba1 antibody (polyclonal, rabbit)</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">Wako</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">019-19741&#160;</td>
			<td>Working concentration 1:200</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:384px;">Iba1 antibody (polyclonal, goat)</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">LifeSpan Bioscience</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">LS-B2645</td>
			<td>Working concentration 1:200</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:384px;">rat CD68 [KP1] antibody (monoclonal, mouse)</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">Abcam</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">ab955</td>
			<td>Working concentration 1:200</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:384px;">mouse CD68 [FA-11] antibody (monoclonal, rat)</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">Abcam</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">ab53444</td>
			<td>Working concentration 1:200</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:384px;">mouse CD107a (LAMP1) antibody (monoclonal, rat)</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">Affymetrix</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">14-1071</td>
			<td>Working concentration 1:100</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:384px;">Beta-Amyloid, 17-24 (4G8) antibody (monoclonal, mouse)</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">Covance</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">SIG-39220</td>
			<td>Working concentration 1:200</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:384px;">Beta-Amyloid, 1-16 (6E10) antibody (monoclonal, mouse)</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">Covance</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">SIG-39320</td>
			<td>Working concentration 1:200</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:384px;">OC antibody (polyclonal, rabbit)</td>
			<td colspan="2">Gifted by D. H. Cribbs and C. G. Glabe (UC Irvine)</td>
			<td>Working concentration 1:200</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:384px;">Alexa Fluor 488&#160; mouse secondary antibody</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">A-11001</td>
			<td>Working concentration 1:1000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:384px;">Alexa Fluor 488&#160; rat secondary antibody</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td>A-11006</td>
			<td>Working concentration 1:1000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:384px;">Alexa Fluor 594 rabbit secondary antibody</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td>A-11037</td>
			<td>Working concentration 1:1000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:384px;">Alexa Fluor 594 goat secondary antibody</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td>A-11080</td>
			<td>Working concentration 1:1000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:384px;">Alexa Fluor 647 mouse secondary antibody</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td>A-21235</td>
			<td>Working concentration 1:1000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:384px;">Alexa Fluor 647 rabbit secondary antibody</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td>A-21443</td>
			<td>Working concentration 1:1000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:384px;">Immersion oil</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">Nikon&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:127px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:384px;">A1 Confocal microscope</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">Nikon&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:127px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:384px;">NIS Elements Advanced Research software</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">Nikon&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:127px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:384px;">Imaris:Bitplane software version 7.6</td>
			<td style="width:152px;">Bitplane</td>
			<td style="width:127px;"></td>
			<td>&#34;coloc&#34; and &#34;supass&#34; modules are used.&#160;Alternatively, the open-source freeware&#160;ImageJ can be used for colocalization&#160;analysis of confocal z-stacks datasets.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;"></td>
			<td style="width:152px;"></td>
			<td style="width:127px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:384px;"></td>
			<td style="width:152px;"></td>
			<td style="width:127px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:384px;"></td>
			<td style="width:152px;"></td>
			<td style="width:127px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

quantitative 3d in silico modeling (q3dism) of cerebral amyloid-beta phagocytosis in rodent models of alzheimer's disease

Neuroinflammation est maintenant reconnu comme un facteur étiologique majeur dans les maladies neurodégénératives. Les phagocytes mononucléaires sont des cellules immunitaires innées responsables de la phagocytose et l&#39;élimination des débris et de détritus. Ces cellules comprennent les macrophages CNS-résidents appelés microglie et phagocytes mononucléaires infiltrant de la périphérie. La microscopie optique a généralement été utilisé pour visualiser la phagocytose des rongeurs ou des échantillons de cerveau humain. Cependant, les méthodes qualitatives ont pas fourni la preuve définitive de la phagocytose in vivo. Ici, nous décrivons 3D quantitative dans la modélisation de silico (de q3DISM), une méthode robuste permettant la vraie quantification 3D de l&#39; amyloïde-β (Aß) phagocytose par les phagocytes mononucléaires dans rongeurs maladie d&#39;Alzheimer (AD) modèles. Le procédé consiste à visualiser fluorescence Aß encapsulé dans phagolysosomes dans les sections rongeur du cerveau. Les grands ensembles de données confocale z-dimensionnelle sont ensuite reconstruits 3D pour la quantification de A &amp;# 946; colocalisés dans l&#39;espace à l&#39;intérieur du phagolysosome. Nous démontrons l&#39;application réussie de q3DISM à la souris et le rat des cerveaux, mais cette méthode peut être étendue à pratiquement tous les cas phagocytaire dans les tissus.

En utilisant la méthodologie multi-scène pour q3DISM détaillée ci - dessus, nous sommes en mesure de quantifier Aß absorption dans phagolysosomes de monocytes dans le cerveau des APP / PS1 souris (figure 1) et les rats TgF344-AD (Figure 2). Par conséquent, la méthodologie de q3DISM a permis l&#39;analyse des phagocytes mononucléaires dans des modèles de souris et de rat de la MA. Fait intéressant, le volume occupé par CD68 + phagoly...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Quantitative 3D In Silico Modeling q3DISM of Cerebral Amyloid-beta Phagocytosis in Rodent Models of Alzheimer's Disease at JoVE.com

Quantitative 3D In Silico Modeling q3DISM of Cerebral Amyloid-beta Phagocytosis in Rodent Models of Alzheimer's Disease

Nous avons développé une méthodologie pour la 3D quantitative dans la modélisation de silico (q3DISM) de amyloïde cérébrale-β (Aß) phagocytose par les phagocytes mononucléaires dans des modèles de rongeurs de la maladie d&#39;Alzheimer. Cette méthode peut être généralisée pour la quantification de pratiquement tous les cas de phagocytose in vivo.

3D quantitative<em&gt; In Silico</em&gt; Modélisation (q3DISM) de Cerebral bêta-amyloïde phagocytose dans les modèles rongeurs de la maladie d&#39;Alzheimer

Neuroinflammation is now recognized as a major etiological factor in neurodegenerative disease. Mononuclear phagocytes are innate immune cells responsible ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Quantitative 3D In Silico Modeling (q3DISM) of Cerebral Amyloid-beta Phagocytosis in Rodent Models of Alzheimer's Disease

Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

Examinant les caractéristiques de la mémoire épisodique à l&#39;aide d&#39;événements liés à des potentiels chez les patients atteints de la maladie d&#39;Alzheimer

Our laboratory uses event-related EEG potentials (ERPs) to understand and support behavioral investigations of episodic memory in patients with amnestic ...

Recherche

Médecine

Quantitative Analysis of Chromatin Proteomes in Disease

Analyse quantitative des Protéomes chromatine dans la maladie

In the nucleus reside the proteomes whose functions are most intimately linked with gene regulation. Adult mammalian cardiomyocyte nuclei are unique due ...

Gene-environment Interaction Models to Unmask Susceptibility Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease

Modèles d’interaction gène-environnement pour démasquer les mécanismes de susceptibilité dans la maladie de Parkinson

Lipoxygenase (LOX) activity has been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer&#39;s disease, but its effects in Parkinson&#39;s disease ...

Modeling Stroke in Mice: Permanent Coagulation of the Distal Middle Cerebral Artery

Modélisation des maladies chez les souris: Coagulation permanente de l&#39;artère cérébrale moyenne distale

Stroke is the third most common cause of death and a main cause of acquired adult disability in developed countries. Only very limited therapeutical ...

Multi-electrode Array Recordings of Human Epileptic Postoperative Cortical Tissue

Multi-réseau d&#39;électrodes enregistrements des droits de l&#39;épilepsie post-opératoire corticale tissus

Epilepsy, affecting about 1% of the population, comprises a group of neurological disorders characterized by the periodic occurrence of seizures, which ...

Use of Ultra-high Field MRI in Small Rodent Models of Polycystic Kidney Disease for In Vivo Phenotyping and Drug Monitoring

Use of Ultra-high Field MRI in Small Rodent Models of Polycystic Kidney Disease for In Vivo Phenotyping and Drug Monitoring

L&#39;utilisation de l&#39;IRM de terrain ultra-haute dans les modèles petit rongeur de la maladie polykystique des reins pour<em&gt; In Vivo</em&gt; Phénotypage and Drug Monitoring

Several in vivo pre-clinical studies in Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) utilize orthologous rodent models to identify and study the genetic and molecular ...

Ex Vivo Intestinal Sacs to Assess Mucosal Permeability in Models of Gastrointestinal Disease

Ex Vivo Intestinal Sacs to Assess Mucosal Permeability in Models of Gastrointestinal Disease

Ex Vivo intestinale Sacs pour évaluer la perméabilité de la muqueuse dans les modèles de maladies gastro-intestinales

The epithelial barrier is the first innate defense of the gastrointestinal tract and selectively regulates transport from the lumen to the underlying ...

Hemodynamic Characterization of Rodent Models of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Hémodynamique Caractérisation des modèles rongeurs de l&#39;hypertension artérielle pulmonaire

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease of the pulmonary vasculature characterized by endothelial cell apoptosis, smooth muscle ...

Neurodegeneration in an Animal Model of Chronic Amyloid-beta Oligomer Infusion Is Counteracted by Antibody Treatment Infused with Osmotic Pumps

Neurodégénérescence dans un modèle animal de chronique bêta-amyloïde Oligomère Infusion est contrecarré par Antibody traitement Infused avec les pompes osmotiques

Decline in hippocampal-dependent explicit memory (memory for facts and events) is one of the earliest clinical symptom of Alzheimer&#39;s disease (AD). It ...

Application of Granger Causality Analysis of the Directed Functional Connection in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment

Application de l’analyse de causalité de Granger de la connexion fonctionnelle dirigée dans la maladie d’Alzheimer et des troubles cognitifs légers

Impaired functional connectivity in the Default Mode Network (DMN) may be involved in the progression of Alzheimer&#39;s Disease (AD). The Posterior ...