Name: using linear agarose channels to study drosophila larval crawling behavior
Uploaded: 2016-11-26T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Using Linear Agarose Channels to Study Drosophila Larval Crawling Behavior at JoVE.com

We would like to thank Chris Wreden and Michelle Bland for comments on the manuscript and for technical help.

1.幼虫的制备<ol><li>一个星期录制的行为之前，成立了一个跨（25处女和5男最小值）。保持在25℃，所有的十字架和后代。 注：培养条件的温度可以改变，但下面描述的时间线将需要进行调整，以帐户为发育速度的变化。 </li><li>录制时，在早晨的第一件事前5天，将交叉成一个集笼琼脂/果汁盖和酵母泥中的琼脂/果汁盖中央的DAB（0.5-1毫升）。 <ol><li>为了使集合笼，万佛洞成6盎司方形的聚乙?...

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	<li>Heckscher, E. S., Lockery, S. R., Doe, C. Q. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+Drosophila+larval+crawling+at+the+level+of+organism,+segment,+and+somatic+body+wall+musculature.">Characterization of Drosophila larval crawling at the level of organism, segment, and somatic body wall musculature.</a> J Neurosci. 32 (36), 12460-12471 (2012).</li><li>Marder, E., Calabrese, R. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Principles+of+rhythmic+motor+pattern+generation.">Principles of rhythmic motor pattern generation.</a> Physiol rev. 76 (3), 687 (1996).</li><li>Mullins, O. J., Hackett, J. T., Buchanan, J. T., Friesen, W. O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neuronal+control+of+swimming+behavior:+Comparison+of+vertebrate+and+invertebrate+model+systems.">Neuronal control of swimming behavior: Comparison of vertebrate and invertebrate model systems.</a> Prog Neurobiol. 93 (2), 244-269 (2011).</li><li>Ohyama, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+multilevel+multimodal+circuit+enhances+action+selection+in+Drosophila.">A multilevel multimodal circuit enhances action selection in Drosophila.</a> Nature. 520 (7549), 633-639 (2015).</li><li>Landgraf, M., Thor, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+Drosophila+motoneurons:+specification+and+morphology.">Development of Drosophila motoneurons: specification and morphology.</a> Semin cell devl bio. 17 (1), 3-11 (2006).</li><li>Heckscher, E. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Even-Skipped(+)+Interneurons+Are+Core+Components+of+a+Sensorimotor+Circuit+that+Maintains+Left-Right+Symmetric+Muscle+Contraction+Amplitude.">Even-Skipped(+) Interneurons Are Core Components of a Sensorimotor Circuit that Maintains Left-Right Symmetric Muscle Contraction Amplitude.</a> Neuron. 88 (2), 1-16 (2015).</li><li>Green, C. H., Burnet, B., Connolly, K. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Organization+and+patterns+of+inter-and+intraspecific+variation+in+the+behaviour+of+Drosophila+larvae.">Organization and patterns of inter-and intraspecific variation in the behaviour of Drosophila larvae.</a> Anim Behav. 31 (1), 282-291 (1983).</li><li>Graf, S. A., Sokolowski, M. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rover/Sitter+Drosophila+melanogaster+Larval+Foraging+Polymorphism+as+a+Function+of+Larval+Development,+Food-Patch+Quality,+and+Starvation.">Rover/Sitter Drosophila melanogaster Larval Foraging Polymorphism as a Function of Larval Development, Food-Patch Quality, and Starvation.</a> J Insect Behav. 2 (3), 301-313 (1989).</li><li>Lee, T., Luo, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mosaic+analysis+with+a+repressible+cell+marker+for+studies+of+gene+function+in+neuronal+morphogenesis.">Mosaic analysis with a repressible cell marker for studies of gene function in neuronal morphogenesis.</a> Neuron. 22 (3), 451-461 (1999).</li><li>Rebay, I., Rubin, G. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Yan+Functions+as+a+General+Inhibitor+of+Differentiation+and+Is+Negatively+Regulated+by+Activation+of+the+Rasl+/+MAPK+Pathway.">Yan Functions as a General Inhibitor of Differentiation and Is Negatively Regulated by Activation of the Rasl / MAPK Pathway.</a> Cell. 81 (6), 857-866 (1995).</li><li>Chen, T. -. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultrasensitive+fluorescent+proteins+for+imaging+neuronal+activity.">Ultrasensitive fluorescent proteins for imaging neuronal activity.</a> Nature. 499 (7458), 295-300 (2013).</li><li>Tufte, E. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> The visual display of quantitative information. , (2004).</li></ol>

一种微流体装置建成，使线性琼脂糖渠道，可容纳果蝇幼虫（ 图1）。当果蝇幼虫被放置在这些线性琼脂糖渠道其行为库限于爬行，其允许在抓取周期幼虫结构的动力学的详细观察。 当幼虫进行一系列有节奏的步伐（ 图3）进行了一次成功的记录。如果这没有发生，检查喜欢在通道中的气泡障碍，并检查幼虫的身体健康。一个成功的记录...

这种方法的总体目标是详细研究果蝇幼虫爬行。在运动实验已经起到了开发和电机控制2测试理论具有重要作用。传统的运动进行了研究水生动物（ 如水蛭，七鳃鳗，蝌蚪）3。运动，在这些动物中的重复性质已经允许节律的研究中，生物物理事件驱动运动的分析，以及用于监测伴随运动神经放电模式。 对于运动的研究使用果蝇幼虫的呈现比其他模型系统的优点的独特组合：轻便遗传学，良好表征的发展，一个机构，是在第一和第二龄光学透明，并且整个的持续透射电镜重建神经系统4-6。然而， 的果蝇幼虫机车在平开运动的表面是有些复杂，包括暂停，打开和蜿蜒爬行7。本刊物使用线性琼脂糖渠道，引导的果蝇幼虫自发行为，幼虫进行持续的，直的，有节奏的爬行行为的方法。 研究果蝇幼虫行为在琼脂糖频道，而不是在平面开口面的行为，具有几个优点。首先，它可以让研究人员专门选择从众多运动是幼虫行为艺术的一部分爬行行为。第二，通过调节通道与幼虫体尺寸的宽度，爬行速度可以调整。三，渠道允许从背，腹，或侧面取决于幼虫如何加载和通道内面向查看的幼虫。这种多功能性幼虫方向允许任何利益结构要爬行过程中不断地可见。第四，信道是适合于与各种显微镜和目标的用途。例如，线性通道可用于在明场立体镜和/或用于旋转盘共焦显微镜1高分辨率成像低分辨率影像。第五，这种方法可以结合使用以任何遗传背景光遗传学/ thermogenetic神经元的操作。最后，因为无论是幼虫体（在第一和第二龄）和琼脂糖渠道光学透明，渠道可以学习动态运动，或由基因编码的荧光探针标记幼虫结构的荧光强度变化时使用。 所描述的方法适用于第一和第二龄果蝇幼虫行为详细运动学研究。该出版物分析向前爬行幼虫过程中CNS的荧光强度的动态变化来演示使用渠道，并为先导，以NEURonal公司钙成像。

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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:211px;">6 oz square Drosophila bottle</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">Scimart</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">DR-103</td>
			<td style="width:212px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:211px;">agar</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A1296</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:211px;">sucrose</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S9378</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:211px;">apple juice</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>not from concentrate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:211px;">Tegosept</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>T2300</td>
			<td>methyl-p-hydroxybenzoate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:211px;">35 x 10 mm round petri dish</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">Fisher</td>
			<td align="right">351008</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:211px;">baker&#39;s yeast</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:211px;">PDMS casting mold</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">FlowJem</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>can be requested from authors</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:211px;">isopropyl alcohol</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A417-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:211px;">laboratory wipes</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">06-666-11</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:211px;">canned air</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">18-431</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:211px;">10 cm petri dish</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">BioPioneer</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">GS82-1473-001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:211px;">agarose</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">50-444-176</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:211px;">razor blade</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">12-640</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:211px;">forceps</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">FST</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11241-40</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:211px;">22 x 40 cover glass, #1.5</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">50-365-605</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:211px;">Fiji (version 1.51d)</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">NIH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>fiji.sc</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:211px;">Excel 2016</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">Microsoft</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>www.microsoftstore.com</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:211px;">MATLAB R2016</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">Mathworks</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>www.mathworks.com</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

using linear agarose channels to study drosophila larval crawling behavior

的果蝇幼虫爬行正在成为一个强大的模型来研究感觉神经行为的控制。然而，在平开面幼虫爬行行为是复杂的，其中包括：暂停，车削和蜿蜒。这种复杂性在运动的剧目阻碍单个抓取步幅循环期间发生的事件的详细分析。为了克服这一障碍，线性琼脂糖渠道所做的限制幼虫的行为直，持续，有节奏地爬行。原则上，由于琼脂糖频道和果蝇幼虫体都是光学透明的，由遗传编码荧光探针标记的幼虫结构的运动可以在完整的，可自由移动的幼虫监测。在过去，幼虫放置在直线通道，并在整个生物体，段的水平爬行和肌肉进行分析1。在未来，幼虫在通道抓取可用于钙成像以监测神经最终活动。此外，这些方法可与任何基因型的幼虫，并与任何研究者设计的信道可以使用。因此，下面提出的协议是广泛适用于使用果蝇幼虫为模型，以了解电机控制的研究。

本文介绍了指导琼脂糖渠道的果蝇幼虫的行为和通过抓取周期测定幼虫结构动力学的方法。幼虫在直线渠道进行有节奏的爬行（ 图3）持续发作。因为这两个幼虫和渠道光学透明，渠道可以表达的幼虫在任何感兴趣的结构表达荧光探针可以使用。我们记录幼虫在所有神经元表达GFP（ELAV-Gal4的/ +; UAS-MYR-GFP / +）和监测在荧光强度中的神经索在爬行循?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Using Linear Agarose Channels to Study Drosophila Larval Crawling Behavior at JoVE.com

Using Linear Agarose Channels to Study Drosophila Larval Crawling Behavior

果蝇幼虫是研究行为的神经控制功能强大的模型系统。该出版物描述了使用线性琼脂糖通道引发线性爬行和方法的持续发作期间重复爬行行为量化幼虫结构的动力学。

用线性琼脂糖渠道研究<em&gt;果蝇</em&gt;幼虫爬行行为

Drosophila larval crawling is emerging as a powerful model to study neural control of sensorimotor behavior. However, larval crawling behavior on flat ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Using Linear Agarose Channels to Study Drosophila Larval Crawling Behavior

Single Sensillum Recordings in the Insects Drosophila melanogaster and Anopheles gambiae

Single Sensillum Recordings in the Insects Drosophila melanogaster and Anopheles gambiae

在昆虫单感器记录果蝇按蚊</em

The sense of smell is essential for insects to find foods, mates, predators, and oviposition sites3. Insect olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) are enclosed ...

科研

神经科学

Laser Capture Microdissection of Drosophila Peripheral Neurons

Laser Capture Microdissection of Drosophila Peripheral Neurons

激光捕获显微切割技术的果蝇外周神经元

The dendritic arborization (da) neurons of the Drosophila peripheral nervous system (PNS) provide an excellent model system in which to investigate the ...

Visualization of Larval Segmental Nerves in 3rd Instar Drosophila Larval Preparations

Visualization of Larval Segmental Nerves in 3rd Instar Drosophila Larval Preparations

3幼虫节段性神经的可视化 RD龄果蝇幼虫的筹备工作

Drosophila melanogaster is emerging as a powerful model system for studying the development and function of the nervous system, particularly because of ...

Morphological Analysis of Drosophila Larval Peripheral Sensory Neuron Dendrites and Axons Using Genetic Mosaics

Morphological Analysis of Drosophila Larval Peripheral Sensory Neuron Dendrites and Axons Using Genetic Mosaics

形态分析果蝇幼虫外周感觉神经元树突和轴突使用遗传马赛克

Nervous system development requires the correct specification of neuron position and identity, followed by accurate neuron class-specific dendritic ...

Methods to Assay Drosophila Behavior

Methods to Assay Drosophila Behavior

对检测方法果蝇行为

Drosophila melanogaster, the fruit fly, has been used to study molecular mechanisms of a wide range of human diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular ...

Live Imaging of Drosophila Larval Neuroblasts

Live Imaging of Drosophila Larval Neuroblasts

的实时成像<em&gt;果蝇</em&gt;幼虫神经母细胞

Stem cells divide asymmetrically to generate two progeny cells with unequal fate potential: a self-renewing stem cell and a differentiating cell. Given ...

A Simple Way to Measure Alterations in Reward-seeking Behavior Using Drosophila melanogaster

A Simple Way to Measure Alterations in Reward-seeking Behavior Using Drosophila melanogaster

一个简单的方法来衡量在改建悬赏寻求行为使用<em&gt;果蝇</em

We describe a protocol for measuring ethanol self-administration in fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) as a proxy for changes in reward states. We ...

Quantification of Drosophila Grooming Behavior

果蝇美容行为的量化

Drosophila grooming behavior is a complex multi-step locomotor program that requires coordinated movement of both forelegs and hindlegs. Here we present a ...

Examining Monosynaptic Connections in Drosophila Using Tetrodotoxin Resistant Sodium Channels

Examining Monosynaptic Connections in Drosophila Using Tetrodotoxin Resistant Sodium Channels

使用河豚毒素耐药性钠通道检查果蝇中的 Monosynaptic 连接

Here, a new technique termed Tetrotoxin (TTX) Engineered Resistance for Probing Synapses (TERPS) is applied to test for monosynaptic connections between ...

Tracking Drosophila Larval Behavior in Response to Optogenetic Stimulation of Olfactory Neurons

Tracking Drosophila Larval Behavior in Response to Optogenetic Stimulation of Olfactory Neurons

跟踪果蝇幼虫行为对嗅神经元 Optogenetic 刺激的反应

The ability of insects to navigate toward odor sources is based on the activities of their first-order olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). While a ...