Name: study of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria interactions by in situ proximity ligation assay in fixed cells
Uploaded: 2016-12-10T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Study of Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria Interactions by In Situ Proximity Ligation Assay in Fixed Cells at JoVE.com

Vi takker alle de mennesker i vores laboratorium, der har bidraget til at optimere og validere protokollen. Dette arbejde blev støttet af INSERM og det nationale forsknings- agentur (ANR-09-JCJC-0116 OG ANR-11-BSV1-033-02). ET blev støttet under hendes ph.d. af en forskergruppe stipendium fra den franske ministerium for videregående uddannelse og forskning.

1. Fremstilling af opløsninger <ol><li> Forbered 10% formaldehyd i PBS (lavt saltindhold) ved at fortynde 5,5 ml 37% formaldehyd i 14,5 ml PBS. Forberede 1 M glycin, pH 8,0, ved at opløse 3,8 g glycin i 50 ml PBS; fortyndes denne opløsning til opnåelse 100 mM glycin i 1X PBS. </li><li> Forbered 0,1% Triton-X100 i 1x PBS. Forbered 20x Saline natriumcitrat (SSC) ved anvendelse af 3,0 M natriumchlorid og 0,30 M trinatriumcitrat fremstillet på en deioniseret vand puffer med pH 7,0 ved 25 ° C. Fortynd denne buffer ti...

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Collectively, our studies indicate that the in situ proximity ligation assay is truly a relevant strategy to follow and quantify endogenous ER-mitochondria interactions in fixed cells, without the need for using organelle-specific fluorophores or fluorescent proteins. The specific use of VDAC1/IP3R1 antibodies has been adapted to study ER-mitochondria interactions in HuH7 cells. However, alternative isoforms of VDAC and IP3R may be used, depending on the cell type. In this case, antibodies need to be validated b...

Mitokondrier og endoplasmatisk reticulum (ER) er ikke selvstændige organeller i cellen, men de interagerer strukturelt og funktionelt på kontaktsteder defineret som mitochondrier-associeret endoplasmatisk reticulum membraner (MAM). Faktisk MAMS svarer til områder, hvor membranerne af ER og mitokondrier er tæt apposed, så interaktioner mellem proteiner fra begge sider. Ikke desto mindre har de membraner disse organeller ikke smelte inden for disse regioner, så de bevarer deres selvstændige enheder. De mams spiller en afgørende rolle i calcium (Ca 2+) og phospholipid overførsel fra ER til mitokondrier, påvirker stofskiftet energi og celleoverlevelse 1-3. Associationen mellem ER og mitokondrier blev først visualiseret i 1970&#39;erne med elektronmikroskopi. Siden da, transmission elektronmikroskopi 4,5, elektron tomografi 6,7 eller immuno-lokalisering af ER og mitokondrier-specifikke fluorophors / fluorescerende proteiner 8 blev klassisk anvendt til at undersøge ER-mitochondrier interaktioner. Et andet nyttigt værktøj til analyse af MAM er baseret på anvendelsen af ​​subcellulær fraktionering. Den tillader isolering af MAM fraktioner ved differentiel ultracentrifugering koblet til en Percoll-gradient 9. Imidlertid indeholder berigede MAM fraktioner, snarere end rene fraktioner, det endelige produkt. Tilsammen er disse strategier ikke særlig følsom og / eller kvantitative, og de er ikke let modtagelig for stor screening. Alternativt er genetiske metoder, der anvender lægemiddel-inducerbar fluorescerende inter-organel linkere opstået, men de tillader ikke analysen af organel interaktioner på de endogene ekspressionsniveauer af proteiner 10. Baseret på Szabadkai opdagelse af IP3R / Grp75 / VDAC kompleks ved MAM 11, udviklede vi en kvantitativ metode til at analysere ER-mitokondrier interaktioner. Vi brugte den in situ nærhed ligatipå assay til påvisning og kvantificering af interaktioner mellem VDAC1 og IP3R1, to organel-overflade proteiner involveret i Ca2 + -channeling kompleks ved MAM grænsefladen i fikserede celler 12. Kort fortalt, vi probet VDAC1 ved den ydre mitokondrielle membran (muse-anti-VDAC1 primært antistof) og IP3R1 på ER-membranen (kanin-anti-IP3R1 primært antistof) (figur 1, panel a). Så ifølge assayet, vi tilføjet både anti-muse og anti-kanin IgG (mus og kanin nærhed ligering assayprober), som er konjugeret til komplementært oligonukleotid extensions. Hvis de to målrettede proteiner er i en afstand under 40 nm, kan oligonukleotiderne hybridisere med de senere tilføjes stik oligoer at tillade dannelse af et cirkulært DNA-template (figur 1, felt B). Denne cirkulært DNA-molekyle ligeres og forstærkes, hvilket skaber en enkeltstrenget DNA produkt covalent bundet til en af de proximity prober (figur 1, felt C) </strong&gt;. Da afstanden mellem ER og mitokondrier ved MAM grænsefladen ligger i området fra 10 nm til 25 nm 6, kan nærhed ligering og amplifikation udføres, hvilket fører til efterfølgende påvisning på grund af hybridisering af Texas Red-mærket oligonukleotidprober (figur 1, felt D ). Hver fluorescerende prik repræsenterer interaktioner mellem VDAC1 / IP3R1, hvilket således tillader kvantificering af in situ ER-mitochondria interaktioner i individuelle celler. <img alt="figur 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/54899/54899fig1.jpg" /> Figur 1: Skematisk illustration af påvisning af endoplasmatisk reticulum-mitokondrier interaktioner ved in situ Proximity ligeringsassayet. a) En mus primært antistof rettet mod VDAC1 og et kanin-primært antistof rettet mod IP3R1 kan binde til deres epitoper i nærhed heraf på MAM interface, b) Tilsætning af et par proximity ligeringsprodukter proberrettet mod mus og kanin IgG. Disse prober har vedhæftet DNA-strenge, som kan danne skabeloner til ligering af stik oligoer. c) Den cirkulære DNA-streng dannet efter ligering kan forstærkes og d) visualiseret ved mikroskopi som en fluorescerende prik ved hjælp Texas Red-mærket oligonukleotider. <a href="http://ecsource.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/54899/54899fig1large.jpg" target="_blank">Klik her for at se en større version af dette tal.</a> Tilsvarende in situ nærhed ligeringsassayet eksperimenter kan udføres med Grp75 / IP3R1 par antistoffer, samt cyclophilin D (CypD) / IP3R1 antistoffer, i betragtning af at CypD blev vist at interagere med IP3R / Grp75 / VDAC kompleks ved MAM grænsefladen 12-14.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="919">
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	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:243px;">Formaldehyde</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">F-8775</td>
			<td style="width:320px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:243px;">Glycine</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">G-8898</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:243px;">Triton</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">T8532</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:243px;">35mm Glass bottom culture dishes</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">MatTeK corporation</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">P35G-0-14-C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:243px;">Blocking solution</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">DUO-92004 or DUO-92002</td>
			<td>provided in the Duolink PLA probes, Sigma</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:243px;">VDAC1 antibody</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Abcam</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">ab14734</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:243px;">IP3R1-H80 antibody</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Santa Cruz</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">sc28614</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:243px;">CypD antibody</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Abcam</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">ab110324</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:243px;">Grp75 antibody</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Santa Cruz</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">sc13967</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:243px;">TBS 10X</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">euromedex</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">ET220</td>
			<td>Dilute to obtain 1X</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:243px;">Tween 100X</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">euromedex</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">2001-B</td>
			<td>dilute in TBS to obtain 0,01%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:243px;">PLA Probes Mouse MINUS</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">DUO-92004</td>
			<td>Duolink, Sigma</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:243px;">PLA Probes Rabbit PLUS</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">DUO-92002</td>
			<td>Duolink, Sigma</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:243px;">Duolink detection reagents red</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">DUO-92008</td>
			<td>Duolink, Sigma</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:243px;">Ligation solution</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">DUO-92008</td>
			<td>Part of the Duolink detection reagents red, Sigma</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:243px;">Ligase</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">DUO-92008</td>
			<td>Part of the Duolink detection reagents red, Sigma</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:243px;">Amplification solution</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">DUO-92008</td>
			<td>Part of the Duolink detection reagents red, Sigma</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:243px;">Polymerase</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">DUO-92008</td>
			<td>Part of the Duolink detection reagents red, Sigma</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:243px;">Duolink Mounting Medium</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">DUO80102</td>
			<td>Duolink, Sigma</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:243px;">Softwares:</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:243px;">Blob-finder software</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
			<td>BlobFinder is a freely distributed software that can perform calculations on cells from fluorescence microscopy images. This software can be downloaded for free from The Centre for Image Analysis&#160;at Uppsala University who have developed the software and the work was supported by the EU FP6 Project&#160;ENLIGHT&#160;and&#160;&#160;Olink Bioscience. http://www.cb.uu.se/~amin/BlobFinder/index_files/Page430.htm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:243px;">ImageJ software</td>
			<td style="width:169px;"></td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
			<td>Can be downloaded for free from: http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij/download.html</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

study of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria interactions by in situ proximity ligation assay in fixed cells

Structural interactions between the endoplasmic reticular (ER) and mitochondrial membranes, in domains known as mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM), are crucial hubs for cellular signaling and cell fate. Particularly, these inter-organelle contact sites allow the transfer of calcium from the ER to mitochondria through the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC)/glucose-regulated protein 75 (GRP75)/inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (IP3R) calcium channeling complex. While this subcellular compartment is under intense investigation in both physiological and pathological conditions, no simple and sensitive method exists to quantify the endogenous amount of ER-mitochondria contact in cells. Similarly, MAMs are highly dynamic structures, and there is no suitable approach to follow modifications of ER-mitochondria interactions without protein overexpression. Here, we report an optimized protocol based on the use of an in situ proximity ligation assay to visualize and quantify endogenous ER-mitochondria interactions in fixed cells by using the close proximity between proteins of the outer mitochondrial membrane (VDAC1) and of the ER membrane (IP3R1) at the MAM interface. Similar in situ proximity ligation experiments can also be performed with the GRP75/IP3R1 and cyclophilin D/IP3R1 pairs of antibodies. This assay provides several advantages over other imaging procedures, as it is highly specific, sensitive, and suitable to multiple-condition testing. Therefore, the use of this in situ proximity ligation assay should be helpful to better understand the physiological regulations of ER-mitochondria interactions, as well as their role in pathological contexts.

Baseret på vores erfaring med at bruge denne protokol, kan vi trygt anbefale denne metode til visualisering og kvantificering af ER-mitokondrier interaktioner i faste celler. Repræsentative billeder af in situ nærhed ligeringsassayet-visualiseret ER-mitochondrier interaktioner i HuH7 leverkarcinom cellelinie, der anvender flere par antistoffer, er vist. Som vist i figur 2 ved fluorescerende mikroskopi, hver rød prik repræsenterer en interaktion mellem de to...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Study of Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria Interactions by In Situ Proximity Ligation Assay in Fixed Cells at JoVE.com

Study of Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria Interactions by In Situ Proximity Ligation Assay in Fixed Cells

Her beskriver vi en fremgangsmåde til at visualisere og kvantificere med høj følsomhed de endogene interaktioner mellem det endoplasmatiske reticulum og mitokondrier i fikserede celler. Protokollen har en optimeret in situ nærhed ligeringsassayet målretning inositol 1,4,5-triphosphat receptor / glucose-reguleret protein 75 / spændingsafhængig anion kanal / cyclophilin D kompleks ved mitokondrierne-associerede membran interface.

Undersøgelse af endoplasmatisk reticulum og Mitokondrier interaktioner med<em&gt; In Situ</em&gt; Proximity ligeringsassayet i faste celler

Structural interactions between the endoplasmic reticular (ER) and mitochondrial membranes, in domains known as mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM), ...

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Biology

Study of Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria Interactions by In Situ Proximity Ligation Assay in Fixed Cells

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BMPs are responsible for a wide range of developmental and biological effects. BMP receptors activate (phosphorylate) the Smad1/5/8 effectors, which then, ...

Do-It-Yourself Device for Recovery of Cryopreserved Samples Accidentally Dropped into Cryogenic Storage Tanks

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Liquid nitrogen is colorless, odorless, extremely cold (-196 &deg;C) liquid kept under pressure. It is commonly used as a cryogenic fluid for long term ...

Visualization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Localized mRNAs in Mammalian Cells

Visualisering af endoplasmatiske reticulum lokaliserede mRNA&#39;er i pattedyrceller

In eukaryotes, most of the messenger RNAs (mRNAs) that encode secreted and membrane proteins are localized to the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum ...

A Quantitative Assay to Study Protein:DNA Interactions, Discover Transcriptional Regulators of Gene Expression, and Identify Novel Anti-tumor Agents

En kvantitativ analyse til at studere Protein: DNA interaktioner, Discover transskriptionsregulatorer af genekspression, og identificere nye anti-tumor Agents

Many DNA-binding assays such as electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), chemiluminescent assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-based assays, ...

MicroRNA In situ Hybridization for Formalin Fixed Kidney Tissues

MicroRNA In situ Hybridization for Formalin Fixed Kidney Tissues

MicroRNA<em&gt; In situ</em&gt; Hybridisering for formalin Faste nyrevæv

In this article we describe a method for colorimetric detection of miRNA in the kidney through in situ hybridization with digoxigenin tagged microRNA ...

Confocal Imaging of Single Mitochondrial Superoxide Flashes in Intact Heart or In Vivo

Confocal Imaging of Single Mitochondrial Superoxide Flashes in Intact Heart or In Vivo

Konfokal Imaging af Single Mitochondriale Superoxide Blinker i intakte hjerte eller<em&gt; In Vivo</em

Mitochondrion is a critical intracellular organelle responsible for energy production and intracellular signaling in eukaryotic systems. Mitochondrial ...

Visualization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Subdomains in Cultured Cells

Visualisering af endoplasmatiske reticulum Subdomains i dyrkede celler

The lipids and proteins in eukaryotic cells are continuously exchanged between cell compartments, although these retain their distinctive composition and ...

Profiling Individual Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Quantitative RT-PCR

Profilering Individuelle humane embryonale stamceller ved kvantitativ RT-PCR

Heterogeneity of stem cell population hampers detailed understanding of stem cell biology, such as their differentiation propensity toward different ...

In Vivo 4-Dimensional Tracking of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adult Mouse Calvarial Bone Marrow

In Vivo 4-Dimensional Tracking of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adult Mouse Calvarial Bone Marrow

In Vivo 4-Dimensional sporing af hæmatopoietisk stamcelletransplantation og stamcelle i Voksen Mouse calvarie knoglemarv

Through a delicate balance between quiescence and proliferation, self renewal and production of differentiated progeny, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) ...

Monitoring Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Homeostasis Using a Gaussia Luciferase SERCaMP

Monitoring Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Homeostasis Using a Gaussia Luciferase SERCaMP

Overvågning endoplasmatisk reticulum Calcium Homeostase Ved hjælp af en<em&gt; Gaussia</em&gt; Luciferase SERCaMP

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contains the highest level of intracellular calcium, with concentrations approximately 5,000-fold greater than cytoplasmic ...