Name: palladium n-heterocyclic carbene complexes: synthesis from benzimidazolium salts and catalytic activity in carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions
Uploaded: 2017-07-30T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions at JoVE.com

Riconosciamo il sostegno finanziario della Facoltà di Farmacia (Università di Sydney), di Erciyes University Research Fund e di TUBITAK (1059B141400496). Ringraziamo Tim Harland (The University of Sydney) per la modifica del video.

Attenzione: Molti solventi volatili vengono utilizzati come parte dei protocolli descritti di seguito, in modo da svolgere tutti gli esperimenti in un cappa di lavoro. Indossare adeguati dispositivi di protezione individuale e consultare la scheda di sicurezza di ciascun reagente prima dell&#39;uso; In questo caso sono state fornite informazioni brevi sui reagenti e sui passaggi pericolosi. 1. Sintesi e purificazione dei sali di benzimidazolium (composti 1-4) <ol><li> Mont...

<ol>
	<li>Akkoc, S., Gok, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synthesis+and+characterization+of+1-phenyl-3-alkylbenzimidazol-2-ylidene+salts+and+their+catalytic+activities+in+the+Heck+and+Suzuki+cross-coupling+reactions.">Synthesis and characterization of 1-phenyl-3-alkylbenzimidazol-2-ylidene salts and their catalytic activities in the Heck and Suzuki cross-coupling reactions.</a> J. Coord. Chem. 66 (8), 1396-1404 (2013).</li><li>Aktas, A., Akkoc, S., Gok, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Palladium+catalyzed+Mizoroki-Heck+and+Suzuki-Miyaura+reactions+using+naphthalenomethyl-substituted+imidazolidin-2-ylidene+ligands+in+aqueous+media.">Palladium catalyzed Mizoroki-Heck and Suzuki-Miyaura reactions using naphthalenomethyl-substituted imidazolidin-2-ylidene ligands in aqueous media.</a> J. Coord. Chem. 66 (16), 2901-2909 (2013).</li><li>Cetinkaya, B., Alici, B., Ozdemir, I., Bruneau, C., Dixneuf, P. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=2-imidazoline+and+1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-ruthenium(II)+complexes+and+catalytic+synthesis+of+furan.">2-imidazoline and 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-ruthenium(II) complexes and catalytic synthesis of furan.</a> J. Organomet. Chem. 575 (2), 187-192 (1999).</li><li>Chouthaiwale, P. V., Rawat, V., Sudalai, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pd-catalyzed+selective+hydrosilylation+of+aryl+ketones+and+aldehydes.">Pd-catalyzed selective hydrosilylation of aryl ketones and aldehydes.</a> Tetrahedron Lett. 53 (2), 148-150 (2012).</li><li>Herrmann, W. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=N-heterocyclic+carbenes:+A+new+concept+in+organometallic+catalysis.">N-heterocyclic carbenes: A new concept in organometallic catalysis.</a> Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 41 (8), 1290-1309 (2002).</li><li>Jensen, T. R., Schaller, C. P., Hillmyer, M. A., Tolman, W. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Zinc+N-heterocyclic+carbene+complexes+and+their+polymerization+of+D,L-lactide.">Zinc N-heterocyclic carbene complexes and their polymerization of D,L-lactide.</a> J. Organomet. Chem. 690 (24-25), 5881-5891 (2005).</li><li>Lai, Y. B., Lee, C. S., Lin, W. J., Naziruddin, A. R., Hwang, W. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bis-chelate+N-heterocyclic+tetracarbene+Ru(II)+complexes:+Synthesis,+structure,+and+catalytic+activity+toward+transfer+hydrogenation+of+ketones.">Bis-chelate N-heterocyclic tetracarbene Ru(II) complexes: Synthesis, structure, and catalytic activity toward transfer hydrogenation of ketones.</a> Polyhedron. 53, 243-248 (2013).</li><li>Savka, R. D., Plenio, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+hexahydro-s-indacene+based+NHC+ligand+for+olefin+metathesis+catalysts.">A hexahydro-s-indacene based NHC ligand for olefin metathesis catalysts.</a> J. Organomet. Chem. 710, 68-74 (2012).</li><li>Yigit, M., Yigit, B., Gok, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synthesis+of+novel+palladium(II)+N-heterocyclic+carbene+complexes+and+their+catalytic+activities+in+the+direct+C5+arylation+reactions.">Synthesis of novel palladium(II) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes and their catalytic activities in the direct C5 arylation reactions.</a> Inorg. Chim. Acta. 453, 23-28 (2016).</li><li>Yasar, S., Sahin, C., Arslan, M., Ozdemir, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synthesis,+characterization+and+the+Suzuki-Miyaura+coupling+reactions+of+N-heterocyclic+carbene-Pd(II)-pyridine+(PEPPSI)+complexes.">Synthesis, characterization and the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions of N-heterocyclic carbene-Pd(II)-pyridine (PEPPSI) complexes.</a> J. Organomet. Chem. 776, 107-112 (2015).</li><li>Ozdemir, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=N-Heterocyclic+carbenes:+Useful+ligands+for+the+palladium-catalysed+direct+C5+arylation+of+heteroaromatics+with+aryl+bromides+or+electron-deficient+aryl+chlorides.">N-Heterocyclic carbenes: Useful ligands for the palladium-catalysed direct C5 arylation of heteroaromatics with aryl bromides or electron-deficient aryl chlorides.</a> Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 12 (12), 1798-1805 (2010).</li><li>Clavier, H., Nolan, S. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=N-heterocyclic+carbene+and+phosphine+ruthenium+indenylidene+precatalysts:+A+comparative+study+in+Olefin+metathesis.">N-heterocyclic carbene and phosphine ruthenium indenylidene precatalysts: A comparative study in Olefin metathesis.</a> Chem. Eur. J. 13 (28), 8029-8036 (2007).</li><li>Johnson, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Catalyzed+reactions+of+acyl+anion+equivalents.">Catalyzed reactions of acyl anion equivalents.</a> Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 43 (11), 1326-1328 (2004).</li><li>Marion, N., Diez-Gonzalez, S., Nolan, S. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=N-heterocyclic+carbenes+as+organocatalysts.">N-heterocyclic carbenes as organocatalysts.</a> Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 46 (17), 2988-3000 (2007).</li><li>Perry, M. C., Burgess, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chiral+N-heterocyclic+carbene-transition+metal+complexes+in+asymmetric+catalysis.">Chiral N-heterocyclic carbene-transition metal complexes in asymmetric catalysis.</a> Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 14 (8), 951-961 (2003).</li><li>Zeitler, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extending+mechanistic+routes+in+heterazolium+catalysis-promising+concepts+for+versatile+synthetic+methods.">Extending mechanistic routes in heterazolium catalysis-promising concepts for versatile synthetic methods.</a> Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 44 (46), 7506-7510 (2005).</li><li>Schwarz, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=N-Heterocyclic+carbenes,+part+25+-+Polymer-supported+carbene+complexes+of+palladium:+Well-defined,+air-stable,+recyclable+catalysts+for+the+Heck+reaction.">N-Heterocyclic carbenes, part 25 - Polymer-supported carbene complexes of palladium: Well-defined, air-stable, recyclable catalysts for the Heck reaction.</a> Chem. Eur. J. 6 (10), 1773-1780 (2000).</li><li>Akkoc, S., Gok, Y., Ilhan, I. O., Kayser, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=N-Methylphthalimide-substituted+benzimidazolium+salts+and+PEPPSI+Pd-NHC+complexes:+synthesis,+characterization+and+catalytic+activity+in+carbon-carbon+bond-forming+reactions.">N-Methylphthalimide-substituted benzimidazolium salts and PEPPSI Pd-NHC complexes: synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity in carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions.</a> Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 12, 81-88 (2016).</li><li>Karaca, E. O., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Palladium+complexes+with+tetrahydropyrimidin-2-ylidene+ligands:+Catalytic+activity+for+the+direct+arylation+of+furan,+thiophene,+and+thiazole+derivatives.">Palladium complexes with tetrahydropyrimidin-2-ylidene ligands: Catalytic activity for the direct arylation of furan, thiophene, and thiazole derivatives.</a> Organometallics. 34 (11), 2487-2493 (2015).</li><li>Ozdemir, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=N-Heterocyclic+carbene-palladium+catalysts+for+the+direct+arylation+of+pyrrole+derivatives+with+aryl+chlorides.">N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladium catalysts for the direct arylation of pyrrole derivatives with aryl chlorides.</a> Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 9, 303-312 (2013).</li><li>Senocak, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synthesis,+crystal+structures,+magnetic+properties+and+Suzuki+and+Heck+coupling+catalytic+activities+of+new+coordination+polymers+containing+tetracyanopalladate(II)+anions.">Synthesis, crystal structures, magnetic properties and Suzuki and Heck coupling catalytic activities of new coordination polymers containing tetracyanopalladate(II) anions.</a> Polyhedron. 49 (1), 50-60 (2013).</li><li>Akkoc, S., Gok, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dichlorido(3-chloropyridine-N)+1,3-dialkylbenzimidazol-2-ylidene+palladium(II)+complexes:+Synthesis,+characterization+and+catalytic+activity+in+the+arylation+reaction.">Dichlorido(3-chloropyridine-N) 1,3-dialkylbenzimidazol-2-ylidene palladium(II) complexes: Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity in the arylation reaction.</a> Inorg. Chim. Acta. 429, 34-38 (2015).</li><li>Akkoc, S., Gok, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Catalytic+activities+in+direct+arylation+of+novel+palladium+N-heterocyclic+carbene+complexes.">Catalytic activities in direct arylation of novel palladium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes.</a> Appl. Organomet. Chem. 28 (12), 854-860 (2014).</li><li>Akkoc, S., Gok, Y., Ilhan, I. O., Kayser, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+situ+Generation+of+Efficient+Palladium+N-heterocyclic+Carbene+Catalysts+Using+Benzimidazolium+Salts+for+the+Suzuki-Miyaura+Cross-coupling+Reaction.">In situ Generation of Efficient Palladium N-heterocyclic Carbene Catalysts Using Benzimidazolium Salts for the Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-coupling Reaction.</a> Curr. Org. Synth. 13 (5), 761-766 (2016).</li></ol>

I protocolli per la sintesi e la purificazione di quattro sali di benzimidazolium e successivamente i loro complessi NHC di palladio sono stati deliberatamente presentati nei minimi particolari per aiutare i giovani scienziati o quelli nuovi a dominare il campo. Con questo stesso obiettivo, sono stati presentati nei dettagli i protocolli per la prova dell&#39;attività catalitica dei quattro complessi nell&#39;arilazione e nelle reazioni Suzuki-Miyaura. Inoltre, abbiamo cercato di presentare i protocolli in forma più g...

I carbenes N -heterociclici (NHCs) hanno attirato molta attenzione, in particolare per la loro capacità di catalizzare diverse reazioni importanti come la metatesi, la creazione di furano, la polimerizzazione, l&#39;idrosililazione, l&#39;idrogenazione, l&#39;aratura, il giunto a croce Suzuki-Miyaura e l&#39;accoppiamento a croce Mizoroki-Heck 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 . I NHCs possono essere accoppiati con metalli; Tali complessi di metallo-NHC sono stati ampiamente utilizzati nelle reazioni catalitiche in fase di transizione come legami ausiliari e organocatalizzatori 12 , 13 , 14 , </Sup&gt; 15 , 16 . Generalmente, sono straordinariamente stabili contro l&#39;aria, l&#39;umidità e il calore come conseguenza delle energie di dissociazione elevate delle legame di coordinamento del metallo-carbonio 17 . Qui, i protocolli per la sintesi precedentemente mostrato e purificazione di quattro sali (composti benzimidazolio 1 - 4) e loro complessi di palladio NHC (composti 5 - 8, rispettivamente) sono dettagliate 18. I sali ei complessi sono stati precedentemente caratterizzati utilizzando varie tecniche 18 . Poiché si utilizzano composti analoghi per la catalisi dell&#39;arilazione e delle reazioni di accoppiamento Suzuki-Miyaura 9 , 10 , 11 , i protocolli per la prova dell&#39;attività catalitica dei complessi in arilazione e nelle reazioni Suzuki-Miyaura sono unLso dettagliata. Importante, i protocolli per la sintesi, la purificazione e la prova dell&#39;attività catalitica dei complessi sono presentati abbastanza generali per consentire un facile adattamento ai nuovi complessi NHC di palladio.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (Interlab A.S., USA)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2,5-dimethoxyphenylboronic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (Interlab A.S., USA)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2-n-butylfuran</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (Interlab A.S., USA)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2-n-butylthiophene</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (Interlab A.S., USA)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3-chloropyridine</td>
			<td>Merck (Darmstadt, Germany)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4-bromoacetophenone</td>
			<td>Merck (Darmstadt, Germany)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4-bromoanisole</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (Interlab A.S., USA)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4-chlorotoluene</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (Interlab A.S., USA)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4-methoxy-1-chlorobenzene</td>
			<td>Merck (Darmstadt, Germany)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4-tert-butylphenylboronic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (Interlab A.S., USA)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Benzimidazole</td>
			<td>Merck (Darmstadt, Germany)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bromobenzene</td>
			<td>Merck (Darmstadt, Germany)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Celite</td>
			<td>Merck (Darmstadt, Germany)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dichloromethane</td>
			<td>Merck (Darmstadt, Germany)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Diethyl ether</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (Interlab A.S., USA)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethyl acetate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (Interlab A.S., USA)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethyl alcohol</td>
			<td>Merck (Darmstadt, Germany)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hexane</td>
			<td>Merck (Darmstadt, Germany)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magnesium sulfate</td>
			<td>Scharlau (Barcelona, Spain)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>N,N-dimethylacetamide</td>
			<td>Merck (Darmstadt, Germany)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>N,N-dimethylformamide</td>
			<td>Merck (Darmstadt, Germany)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Palladium chloride</td>
			<td>Merck (Darmstadt, Germany)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phenylboronic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (Interlab A.S., USA)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium acetate</td>
			<td>Merck (Darmstadt, Germany)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium carbonate</td>
			<td>Scharlau (Barcelona, Spain)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium hydroxide</td>
			<td>Merck (Darmstadt, Germany)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Silica gel</td>
			<td>Merck (Darmstadt, Germany)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium tert-butoxide</td>
			<td>Merck (Darmstadt, Germany)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thianaphthene-2-boronic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (Interlab A.S., USA)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

palladium n-heterocyclic carbene complexes: synthesis from benzimidazolium salts and catalytic activity in carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions

Sono stati presentati protocolli dettagliati e generalizzati per la sintesi e la successiva depurazione di quattro complessi di palladio N- heterocyclic carbene da sali benzimidazolium. Sono inoltre presentati protocolli dettagliati e generalizzati per verificare l&#39;attività catalitica di tali complessi nell&#39;arilazione e nelle reazioni di accoppiamento con Suzuki-Miyaura. I risultati rappresentativi sono mostrati per l&#39;attività catalitica dei quattro complessi nell&#39;arilazione e nelle reazioni di tipo Suzuki-Miyaura. Per ciascuna delle reazioni indagate, almeno uno dei quattro complessi catalizzò con successo la reazione, qualificandoli come promettenti candidati per la catalisi di molte reazioni di carbonio-legame di carbonio. I protocolli presentati sono abbastanza generali da adattarsi per la sintesi, la purificazione e l&#39;attività catalitica dei nuovi complessi di palladio N- heterococlico di carene.

Sali benzimidazolio (1 - 4) (Figura 1) sono stati sintetizzati in DMF anidra utilizzando N -alkylbenzimidazoles e vari alogenuri alchilici, poi purificato e caratterizzato come riportato prima 18, 24. Erano solidi bianchi o color crema e avevano rese che vanno dal 62 al 97%. Complessi di palladio NHC (5 - 8) <strong class="x...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions at JoVE.com

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

Sono stati presentati protocolli dettagliati e generalizzati per la sintesi e la successiva depurazione di quattro complessi di palladio N- heterocyclic carbene da sali benzimidazolium. I complessi sono stati testati per l&#39;attività catalitica nell&#39;arilazione e nelle reazioni di Suzuki-Miyaura. Per ogni reazione studiata, almeno uno dei quattro complessi catalizzò con successo la reazione.

Palladio<em&gt; N</em&gt; Complessi di Carbene eterocicliche: Sintesi dei sali di benzimidazolium e attività catalitica in reazioni di formazione di legame di carbonio-carbonio

Detailed and generalized protocols are presented for the synthesis and subsequent purification of four palladium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes from ...

Research

Education

JoVE Journal

JoVE Core

Chemistry

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

Chemical Bonding: Basic Concepts

SCIENTISTS IN ACTION

Preparation and Use of Samarium Diiodide (SmI2) in Organic Synthesis: The Mechanistic Role of HMPA and Ni(II) Salts in the Samarium Barbier Reaction

Preparation and Use of Samarium Diiodide SmI2 in Organic Synthesis: The Mechanistic Role of HMPA and NiII Salts in the Samarium Barbier Reaction

Preparazione ed uso di samario diioduro (SMI<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt;) Nella sintesi organica: il ruolo meccanicistico di HMPA e Ni (II) sali nella reazione Samario Barbier

Although initially considered an esoteric reagent, SmI2 has become a common tool for synthetic organic chemists. SmI2 is generated through the addition of ...

Ricerca

Chimica

Anticancer Metal Complexes: Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation by the MTT Assay

Antitumorali metallo Complessi: Sintesi e citotossicità valutazione da parte del saggio MTT

Titanium (IV) and vanadium (V) complexes are highly potent anticancer agents. A challenge in their synthesis refers to their hydrolytic instability; ...

Retropinacol/Cross-pinacol Coupling Reactions - A Catalytic Access to 1,2-Unsymmetrical Diols

Retropinacol / Cross-Pinacol Coupling Reazioni - Una catalitico Accesso al 1,2-asimmetriche Dioli

Unsymmetrical 1,2-diols are hardly accessible by reductive pinacol coupling processes. A successful execution of such a transformation is bound to a clear ...

Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-(phosphinetriyl)tripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions

Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-phosphinetriyltripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions

Mizoroki-Heck reazioni di cross-coupling catalizzate da dicloro {bis [1,1 &#39;, 1&#39;&#39; - (phosphinetriyl) tripiperidine]} palladio Sotto lievi condizioni di reazione

Dichloro-bis(aminophosphine) complexes of palladium with the general formula of [(P{(NC5H10)3-n(C6H11)n})2Pd(Cl)2] (where n = 0-2), belong to a new family ...

Synthesis and Catalytic Performance of Gold Intercalated in the Walls of Mesoporous Silica

Sintesi e prestazioni catalitica dell&#39;oro intercalata nelle Mura di mesoporosi silice

As a promising catalytically active nano reactor, gold nanoparticles intercalated in mesoporous silica (GMS) were successfully synthesized and properties ...

Metal-free Synthesis of Ynones from Acyl Chlorides and Potassium Alkynyltrifluoroborate Salts

Sintesi senza metallo di Ynones da Acyl Cloruri e Potassio Alkynyltrifluoroborate Sali

Ynones are a valuable functional group and building block in organic synthesis. Ynones serve as a precursor to many important organic functional groups ...

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

La sintesi, caratterizzazione e reattività di una serie di rutenio<em&gt; N</em&gt; -triphos<sup&gt; Ph</sup&gt; Complessi

Herein we report the synthesis of a tridentate phosphine ligand N(CH2PPh2)3 (N-triphosPh) (1) via a phosphorus based Mannich reaction of the ...

Laboratory Production of Biofuels and Biochemicals from a Rapeseed Oil through Catalytic Cracking Conversion

Laboratorio produzione di biocarburanti e biochimici da un olio di colza attraverso cracking catalitico di conversione

The work is based on a reported study which investigates the processability of canola oil (bio-feed) in the presence of bitumen-derived heavy gas oil ...

Enzymatic Cascade Reactions for the Synthesis of Chiral Amino Alcohols from L-lysine

Reazioni a cascata enzimatica per la sintesi di Amino alcoli chirali da L-lisina

Amino alcohols are versatile compounds with a wide range of applications. For instance, they have been used as chiral scaffolds in organic synthesis. ...

Chemical Precipitation Method for the Synthesis of Nb2O5 Modified Bulk Nickel Catalysts with High Specific Surface Area

Chemical Precipitation Method for the Synthesis of Nb2O5 Modified Bulk Nickel Catalysts with High Specific Surface Area

Modificare il metodo di precipitazione chimica per la sintesi di Nb2O5 catalizzatori di nichel Bulk con elevata superficie specifica

We demonstrate a method for the synthesis of NixNb1-xO catalysts with sponge-like and fold-like nanostructures. By varying the Nb:Ni ratio, a series of ...