Name: palladium n-heterocyclic carbene complexes: synthesis from benzimidazolium salts and catalytic activity in carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions
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Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions at JoVE.com

Reconhecemos o apoio financeiro da Faculdade de Farmácia (Universidade de Sydney), Erciyes University Research Fund e TUBITAK (1059B141400496). Agradecemos a Tim Harland (The University of Sydney) pela edição do vídeo.

Cuidado: muitos solventes voláteis são usados ​​como parte dos protocolos detalhados abaixo para realizar todos os experimentos em um exaustor de trabalho. Use equipamento de proteção pessoal apropriado e consulte a MSDS de cada reagente antes de usar; Aqui, informações breves foram fornecidas sobre os reagentes e etapas perigosas. 1. Síntese e purificação de sais de benzimidazólio (compostos 1-4) <ol><li> Aperte um tubo de 100 mm de Schlenk na posição vert...

<ol>
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Chem. 66 (8), 1396-1404 (2013).</li><li>Aktas, A., Akkoc, S., Gok, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Palladium+catalyzed+Mizoroki-Heck+and+Suzuki-Miyaura+reactions+using+naphthalenomethyl-substituted+imidazolidin-2-ylidene+ligands+in+aqueous+media.">Palladium catalyzed Mizoroki-Heck and Suzuki-Miyaura reactions using naphthalenomethyl-substituted imidazolidin-2-ylidene ligands in aqueous media.</a> J. Coord. Chem. 66 (16), 2901-2909 (2013).</li><li>Cetinkaya, B., Alici, B., Ozdemir, I., Bruneau, C., Dixneuf, P. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=2-imidazoline+and+1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-ruthenium(II)+complexes+and+catalytic+synthesis+of+furan.">2-imidazoline and 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-ruthenium(II) complexes and catalytic synthesis of furan.</a> J. Organomet. Chem. 575 (2), 187-192 (1999).</li><li>Chouthaiwale, P. V., Rawat, V., Sudalai, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pd-catalyzed+selective+hydrosilylation+of+aryl+ketones+and+aldehydes.">Pd-catalyzed selective hydrosilylation of aryl ketones and aldehydes.</a> Tetrahedron Lett. 53 (2), 148-150 (2012).</li><li>Herrmann, W. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=N-heterocyclic+carbenes:+A+new+concept+in+organometallic+catalysis.">N-heterocyclic carbenes: A new concept in organometallic catalysis.</a> Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 41 (8), 1290-1309 (2002).</li><li>Jensen, T. R., Schaller, C. P., Hillmyer, M. A., Tolman, W. 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D., Plenio, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+hexahydro-s-indacene+based+NHC+ligand+for+olefin+metathesis+catalysts.">A hexahydro-s-indacene based NHC ligand for olefin metathesis catalysts.</a> J. Organomet. Chem. 710, 68-74 (2012).</li><li>Yigit, M., Yigit, B., Gok, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synthesis+of+novel+palladium(II)+N-heterocyclic+carbene+complexes+and+their+catalytic+activities+in+the+direct+C5+arylation+reactions.">Synthesis of novel palladium(II) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes and their catalytic activities in the direct C5 arylation reactions.</a> Inorg. Chim. Acta. 453, 23-28 (2016).</li><li>Yasar, S., Sahin, C., Arslan, M., Ozdemir, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synthesis,+characterization+and+the+Suzuki-Miyaura+coupling+reactions+of+N-heterocyclic+carbene-Pd(II)-pyridine+(PEPPSI)+complexes.">Synthesis, characterization and the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions of N-heterocyclic carbene-Pd(II)-pyridine (PEPPSI) complexes.</a> J. Organomet. Chem. 776, 107-112 (2015).</li><li>Ozdemir, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=N-Heterocyclic+carbenes:+Useful+ligands+for+the+palladium-catalysed+direct+C5+arylation+of+heteroaromatics+with+aryl+bromides+or+electron-deficient+aryl+chlorides.">N-Heterocyclic carbenes: Useful ligands for the palladium-catalysed direct C5 arylation of heteroaromatics with aryl bromides or electron-deficient aryl chlorides.</a> Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 12 (12), 1798-1805 (2010).</li><li>Clavier, H., Nolan, S. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=N-heterocyclic+carbene+and+phosphine+ruthenium+indenylidene+precatalysts:+A+comparative+study+in+Olefin+metathesis.">N-heterocyclic carbene and phosphine ruthenium indenylidene precatalysts: A comparative study in Olefin metathesis.</a> Chem. Eur. J. 13 (28), 8029-8036 (2007).</li><li>Johnson, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Catalyzed+reactions+of+acyl+anion+equivalents.">Catalyzed reactions of acyl anion equivalents.</a> Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 43 (11), 1326-1328 (2004).</li><li>Marion, N., Diez-Gonzalez, S., Nolan, S. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=N-heterocyclic+carbenes+as+organocatalysts.">N-heterocyclic carbenes as organocatalysts.</a> Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 46 (17), 2988-3000 (2007).</li><li>Perry, M. C., Burgess, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chiral+N-heterocyclic+carbene-transition+metal+complexes+in+asymmetric+catalysis.">Chiral N-heterocyclic carbene-transition metal complexes in asymmetric catalysis.</a> Tetrahedron: Asymmetry. 14 (8), 951-961 (2003).</li><li>Zeitler, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extending+mechanistic+routes+in+heterazolium+catalysis-promising+concepts+for+versatile+synthetic+methods.">Extending mechanistic routes in heterazolium catalysis-promising concepts for versatile synthetic methods.</a> Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 44 (46), 7506-7510 (2005).</li><li>Schwarz, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=N-Heterocyclic+carbenes,+part+25+-+Polymer-supported+carbene+complexes+of+palladium:+Well-defined,+air-stable,+recyclable+catalysts+for+the+Heck+reaction.">N-Heterocyclic carbenes, part 25 - Polymer-supported carbene complexes of palladium: Well-defined, air-stable, recyclable catalysts for the Heck reaction.</a> Chem. Eur. J. 6 (10), 1773-1780 (2000).</li><li>Akkoc, S., Gok, Y., Ilhan, I. O., Kayser, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=N-Methylphthalimide-substituted+benzimidazolium+salts+and+PEPPSI+Pd-NHC+complexes:+synthesis,+characterization+and+catalytic+activity+in+carbon-carbon+bond-forming+reactions.">N-Methylphthalimide-substituted benzimidazolium salts and PEPPSI Pd-NHC complexes: synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity in carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions.</a> Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 12, 81-88 (2016).</li><li>Karaca, E. O., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Palladium+complexes+with+tetrahydropyrimidin-2-ylidene+ligands:+Catalytic+activity+for+the+direct+arylation+of+furan,+thiophene,+and+thiazole+derivatives.">Palladium complexes with tetrahydropyrimidin-2-ylidene ligands: Catalytic activity for the direct arylation of furan, thiophene, and thiazole derivatives.</a> Organometallics. 34 (11), 2487-2493 (2015).</li><li>Ozdemir, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=N-Heterocyclic+carbene-palladium+catalysts+for+the+direct+arylation+of+pyrrole+derivatives+with+aryl+chlorides.">N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladium catalysts for the direct arylation of pyrrole derivatives with aryl chlorides.</a> Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 9, 303-312 (2013).</li><li>Senocak, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synthesis,+crystal+structures,+magnetic+properties+and+Suzuki+and+Heck+coupling+catalytic+activities+of+new+coordination+polymers+containing+tetracyanopalladate(II)+anions.">Synthesis, crystal structures, magnetic properties and Suzuki and Heck coupling catalytic activities of new coordination polymers containing tetracyanopalladate(II) anions.</a> Polyhedron. 49 (1), 50-60 (2013).</li><li>Akkoc, S., Gok, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dichlorido(3-chloropyridine-N)+1,3-dialkylbenzimidazol-2-ylidene+palladium(II)+complexes:+Synthesis,+characterization+and+catalytic+activity+in+the+arylation+reaction.">Dichlorido(3-chloropyridine-N) 1,3-dialkylbenzimidazol-2-ylidene palladium(II) complexes: Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity in the arylation reaction.</a> Inorg. Chim. Acta. 429, 34-38 (2015).</li><li>Akkoc, S., Gok, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Catalytic+activities+in+direct+arylation+of+novel+palladium+N-heterocyclic+carbene+complexes.">Catalytic activities in direct arylation of novel palladium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes.</a> Appl. Organomet. Chem. 28 (12), 854-860 (2014).</li><li>Akkoc, S., Gok, Y., Ilhan, I. O., Kayser, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+situ+Generation+of+Efficient+Palladium+N-heterocyclic+Carbene+Catalysts+Using+Benzimidazolium+Salts+for+the+Suzuki-Miyaura+Cross-coupling+Reaction.">In situ Generation of Efficient Palladium N-heterocyclic Carbene Catalysts Using Benzimidazolium Salts for the Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-coupling Reaction.</a> Curr. Org. Synth. 13 (5), 761-766 (2016).</li></ol>

Os protocolos para a síntese e a purificação de quatro sais de benzimidazólio e subsequentemente seus complexos de NHC de paládio foram deliberadamente apresentados com o maior detalhe para ajudar os jovens cientistas ou os novos no campo a dominá-los. Com este mesmo objetivo em mente, os protocolos para testar a atividade catalítica dos quatro complexos em arilação e as reações Suzuki-Miyaura também foram apresentados com o maior detalhe. Além disso, tentamos apresentar os protocolos na forma mais geral po...

Os carbenos N- heterocíclicos (NHCs) atraíram muita atenção, particularmente por sua capacidade de catalisar várias reações importantes, como metatese, criação de furano, polimerização, hidrossililação, hidrogenação, arilação, acoplamento cruzado Suzuki-Miyaura e acoplamento cruzado Mizoroki-Heck 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 . Os NHCs podem ser acoplados com metais; Tais complexos de metal-NHC foram amplamente utilizados em reações catalisadas por metal de transição como ligandos auxiliares e organocatalisadores 12 , 13 , 14 , </Sup&gt; 15 , 16 . Geralmente, eles são extraordinariamente estáveis ​​contra o ar, a umidade e o calor como conseqüência das altas energias de dissociação das ligações de coordenação metal-carbono 17 . Aqui, os protocolos para a síntese anteriormente mostrado e purificação de quatro sais benzimidazolium (compostos 1 - 4), e seus complexos de paládio NHC (compostos 5 - 8, respectivamente) encontram-se detalhados 18. Os sais e complexos foram previamente caracterizados utilizando várias técnicas 18 . Uma vez que os compostos similares são utilizados para a catálise da arilação e das reações de acoplamento cruzado Suzuki-Miyaura 9 , 10 , 11 , os protocolos para testar a atividade catalítica dos complexos em arilação e as reações Suzuki-Miyaura são umLso detalhado. Importantemente, os protocolos para sintetizar, purificar e testar a atividade catalítica dos complexos são apresentados de forma geral o suficiente para permitir uma fácil adaptação a novos complexos de NHC de paládio.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (Interlab A.S., USA)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2,5-dimethoxyphenylboronic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (Interlab A.S., USA)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2-n-butylfuran</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (Interlab A.S., USA)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2-n-butylthiophene</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (Interlab A.S., USA)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3-chloropyridine</td>
			<td>Merck (Darmstadt, Germany)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4-bromoacetophenone</td>
			<td>Merck (Darmstadt, Germany)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4-bromoanisole</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (Interlab A.S., USA)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4-chlorotoluene</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (Interlab A.S., USA)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4-methoxy-1-chlorobenzene</td>
			<td>Merck (Darmstadt, Germany)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4-tert-butylphenylboronic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (Interlab A.S., USA)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Benzimidazole</td>
			<td>Merck (Darmstadt, Germany)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bromobenzene</td>
			<td>Merck (Darmstadt, Germany)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Celite</td>
			<td>Merck (Darmstadt, Germany)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dichloromethane</td>
			<td>Merck (Darmstadt, Germany)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Diethyl ether</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (Interlab A.S., USA)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethyl acetate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (Interlab A.S., USA)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethyl alcohol</td>
			<td>Merck (Darmstadt, Germany)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hexane</td>
			<td>Merck (Darmstadt, Germany)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magnesium sulfate</td>
			<td>Scharlau (Barcelona, Spain)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>N,N-dimethylacetamide</td>
			<td>Merck (Darmstadt, Germany)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>N,N-dimethylformamide</td>
			<td>Merck (Darmstadt, Germany)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Palladium chloride</td>
			<td>Merck (Darmstadt, Germany)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phenylboronic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (Interlab A.S., USA)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium acetate</td>
			<td>Merck (Darmstadt, Germany)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium carbonate</td>
			<td>Scharlau (Barcelona, Spain)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium hydroxide</td>
			<td>Merck (Darmstadt, Germany)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Silica gel</td>
			<td>Merck (Darmstadt, Germany)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium tert-butoxide</td>
			<td>Merck (Darmstadt, Germany)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thianaphthene-2-boronic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (Interlab A.S., USA)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

palladium n-heterocyclic carbene complexes: synthesis from benzimidazolium salts and catalytic activity in carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions

Protocolos detalhados e generalizados são apresentados para a síntese e subsequente purificação de quatro complexos de carbeno N- heterocíclicos de paládio a partir de sais de benzimidazólio. Protocolos detalhados e generalizados também são apresentados para testar a atividade catalítica de tais complexos em arilação e reações de acoplamento cruzado Suzuki-Miyaura. Os resultados representativos são mostrados para a atividade catalítica dos quatro complexos em reacções de arilação e tipo Suzuki-Miyaura. Para cada uma das reações investigadas, pelo menos um dos quatro complexos catalisou com êxito a reação, qualificando-os como candidatos promissores para a catálise de muitas reações de formação de ligação carbono-carbono. Os protocolos apresentados são suficientemente gerais para serem adaptados para testes de síntese, purificação e atividade catalítica de novos complexos de carbeno N- heterocíclicos de paládio.

Os sais de benzimidazolio ( 1 - 4 ) ( Figura 1 ) foram sintetizados em DMF anidra utilizando N- alquilbenzimidazoles e vários halogenetos de alquilo, depois purificados e caracterizados como relatados antes de 18 , 24 . Eles eram sólidos de cor branca ou cremosa e tinham rendimentos variando de 62% a 97%. Os complexos de Palladium NHC ( 5 ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions at JoVE.com

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

Protocolos detalhados e generalizados são apresentados para a síntese e subsequente purificação de quatro complexos de carbeno N- heterocíclicos de paládio a partir de sais de benzimidazólio. Os complexos foram testados quanto à atividade catalítica na arilação e as reações de Suzuki-Miyaura. Para cada reação investigada, pelo menos um dos quatro complexos catalisou com sucesso a reação.

Complexos de paládio N-heterocíclicos de carbeno: síntese a partir de sais de benzimidazólio e atividade catalítica em reações de formação de ligações carbono-carbono

Detailed and generalized protocols are presented for the synthesis and subsequent purification of four palladium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes from ...

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Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

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Retropinacol/Cross-pinacol Coupling Reactions - A Catalytic Access to 1,2-Unsymmetrical Diols

Reações de Acoplamento Retropinacol/Pinacol Cruzado: Acesso Catalítico a 1,2-Dióis Assimétricos

Unsymmetrical 1,2-diols are hardly accessible by reductive pinacol coupling processes. A successful execution of such a transformation is bound to a clear ...

Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-(phosphinetriyl)tripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions

Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-phosphinetriyltripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions

Reações de Acoplamento Cruzado de Mizoroki-Heck Catalisadas por Dicloro{bis[1

Dichloro-bis(aminophosphine) complexes of palladium with the general formula of [(P{(NC5H10)3-n(C6H11)n})2Pd(Cl)2] (where n = 0-2), belong to a new family ...

Synthesis and Catalytic Performance of Gold Intercalated in the Walls of Mesoporous Silica

Síntese e desempenho catalítico de ouro intercalados nas paredes de mesoporosos Silica

As a promising catalytically active nano reactor, gold nanoparticles intercalated in mesoporous silica (GMS) were successfully synthesized and properties ...

Metal-free Synthesis of Ynones from Acyl Chlorides and Potassium Alkynyltrifluoroborate Salts

Síntese livre de metais de Ynones da Acil cloretos de potássio e sais Alkynyltrifluoroborate

Ynones are a valuable functional group and building block in organic synthesis. Ynones serve as a precursor to many important organic functional groups ...

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

A Síntese, Caracterização e Reatividade de uma série de Rutênio<em&gt; N</em&gt; -triphos<sup&gt; Ph</sup&gt; Complexos

Herein we report the synthesis of a tridentate phosphine ligand N(CH2PPh2)3 (N-triphosPh) (1) via a phosphorus based Mannich reaction of the ...

Laboratory Production of Biofuels and Biochemicals from a Rapeseed Oil through Catalytic Cracking Conversion

Produção Laboratório de Biocombustíveis e Bioquímicos de um óleo de colza por meio de Craqueamento Catalítico Conversão

The work is based on a reported study which investigates the processability of canola oil (bio-feed) in the presence of bitumen-derived heavy gas oil ...

Enzymatic Cascade Reactions for the Synthesis of Chiral Amino Alcohols from L-lysine

Reações Enzimáticas em Cascata para a Síntese de Aminoálcoois Quirais a partir de L-lisina

Amino alcohols are versatile compounds with a wide range of applications. For instance, they have been used as chiral scaffolds in organic synthesis. ...

Chemical Precipitation Method for the Synthesis of Nb2O5 Modified Bulk Nickel Catalysts with High Specific Surface Area

Chemical Precipitation Method for the Synthesis of Nb2O5 Modified Bulk Nickel Catalysts with High Specific Surface Area

Método de precipitação química para a síntese do Nb2O5 modificado catalisadores de níquel em massa com alta área de superfície específica

We demonstrate a method for the synthesis of NixNb1-xO catalysts with sponge-like and fold-like nanostructures. By varying the Nb:Ni ratio, a series of ...