Name: a model to simulate clinically relevant hypoxia in humans
Uploaded: 2016-12-22T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans at JoVE.com

Special thanks to all volunteers who participated in the original study. The work of L. Eichhorn was supported through a scholarship of the Else-Kr&#246;ner-Fresenius Foundation. The authors would like to thank Springer, Part of Springer Science+Business Media, for copyright clearance (License Number 3894660871180) and the kind permission of reusing previously published data.

道德守则 在涉及人类受试者的研究进行的所有程序均符合1964年赫尔辛基宣言的道德标准和其后来的修正。这项研究的设计得到了德国波恩大学医院的伦理委员会。 注：请确保受试者处于良好的健康状态，不含任何抗高血压药物和至少24小时的免费如咖啡因或等于物质儿茶酚胺诱导剂。 1.被检者的制备<ol><li>清洁用70％酒精前额皮肤脱脂前NIRS电极定位在皮肤上。 </li><...

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总呼吸暂停时间主要是由肺尺寸和每分钟的氧气消耗，并通过一个个人承受造成增加的pCO 2或减小PO 2的呼吸反射能力的影响。呼吸暂停潜水员培训，以最大限度地发挥他们的屏气时间，用于在最大吸气这样做。因此，时间直到缺氧是个体之间可检测的不同，并取决于受试者的身体状况和训练状态，甚至可能通过他们的日常状态和意愿而改变承受呼吸反射。可以通过协议步骤的详细...

临床相关的急性缺氧和高碳酸血症伴大多见于阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAS），急性呼吸道阻塞或心肺复苏过程中。在OSAS等低氧条件的领域主要局限包括有关动物研究的病理生理学和人体模型是不存在1有限转让知识。模仿人体缺氧，缺氧的气体混合物迄今已使用2 - 7。然而，这些条件都比较有代表性的高海拔环境比，其中缺氧，在一般情况下，伴随的高碳酸血症的临床情况的。为了监测心脏骤停和复苏过程中的组织氧合，动物研究已经完成8探讨生理代偿机制。 窒息潜水员能够压低呼吸冲动运动员健康是受低动脉血氧饱和度9和增加的pCO 2 10,11诱发。我们以模仿急性缺氧和高碳酸血症相伴12临床情况调查呼吸暂停潜水员。该模型可用于评价临床设置，提高患者的OSAS或病理呼吸病症的病理生理学的了解，并揭示了新的可能性在呼吸暂停的情况下，研究的潜在计数器平衡机制。此外，不同的技术来检测缺氧人类可以在动态缺氧的情况下，可行性和准确性被测试存在于紧急情况下（ 即 ，气道阻塞，喉或无法插管，可以不透风的情况），或者以模拟在患者间歇性缺氧OSAS患者。 非侵入性的技术来检测缺氧在人中是有限的。外围脉搏血氧饱和度（SPO 2）预好客的认可工具TAL和医院设置，检测缺氧13。该方法是基于血红蛋白的光吸收。然而， 血氧饱和度测量被限制为外周动脉氧合并且不能在无脉性电活动（PEA）或集中最小循环14的情况下使用。与此相反，近红外光谱法可用于在实时的PEA中出血性休克或蛛网膜下腔出血15中，以评估脑组织氧饱和度（RSO 2）， - 19。它的使用在不断增加20和方法论研究显示血氧饱和度和RSO 2 3,4之间的正相关关系。 在这项研究中，我们提供了一个模型来模拟人类的临床相关缺氧并给出了一个一步一步的方法来比较外围脉搏血氧饱和度和NIRS在德和再饱和的情况下。通过在的情况下进行分析生理数据pnea，我们的反平衡机制的认识得以提高。

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	<colgroup>
		<col span="4" />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="60">
			<td height="60" style="height:60px;width:88px;">SpO2</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Dr&#228;ger Medical AG&#38;CO.KG</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">SHP ACC MCABLE-Masimo Set</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">peripheral SpO2-Monitoring</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="80">
			<td height="80" style="height:80px;width:88px;">Non Invasive Blood Pressure (NIBP)</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Dr&#228;ger Medical AG&#38;CO.KG</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">NIBP cuff M+,&#160; MP00916&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:88px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="60">
			<td height="60" style="height:60px;width:88px;">Electrocardiographic (ECG) &#160;</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Dr&#228;ger Medical AG&#38;CO.KG</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Infinity M540 Monitor</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">ECG monitoring</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="60">
			<td height="60" style="height:60px;width:88px;">Docking station</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Dr&#228;ger Medical AG&#38;CO.KG</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">M500 Docking Station</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">connection of M540 to laptop</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="80">
			<td height="80" style="height:80px;width:88px;">NIRS</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">NONIN Medical&#8217;s EQUANOX</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Model 7600 Regional Oximeter System</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">measuring of cerebral and&#160; tissue oxygenation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="120">
			<td height="120" style="height:120px;width:88px;">NIRS diodes</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">EQUANOX Advance Sensor</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Model 8004CA</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">suited for measuring cerebral and somatic oxygen-saturation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:88px;">Laptop&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:88px;"></td>
			<td style="width:88px;"></td>
			<td style="width:88px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="80">
			<td height="80" style="height:80px;width:88px;">DataGrabber</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Dr&#228;ger Medical AG&#38;CO.KG</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">DataGrabber v2005.10.16</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">software to synchronize M540 with laptop</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="80">
			<td height="80" style="height:80px;width:88px;">eVision</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Nonin Medical. Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Version 1.3.0.0</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">software to synchronize NONIN with laptop</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a model to simulate clinically relevant hypoxia in humans

In case of apnea, arterial partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) decreases, while partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) increases. To avoid damage to hypoxia sensitive organs such as the brain, compensatory circulatory mechanisms help to maintain an adequate oxygen supply. This is mainly achieved by increased cerebral blood flow. Intermittent hypoxia is a commonly seen phenomenon in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Acute airway obstruction can also result in hypoxia and hypercapnia. Until now, no adequate model has been established to simulate these dynamics in humans. Previous investigations focusing on human hypoxia used inhaled hypoxic gas mixtures. However, the resulting hypoxia was combined with hyperventilation and is therefore more representative of high altitude environments than of apnea. Furthermore, the transferability of previously performed animal experiments to humans is limited and the pathophysiological background of apnea induced physiological changes is poorly understood. In this study, healthy human apneic divers were utilized to mimic clinically relevant hypoxia and hypercapnia during apnea. Additionally, pulse-oximetry and Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) were used to evaluate changes in cerebral and peripheral oxygen saturation before, during, and after apnea.

图1显示血氧饱和度和NIRS值（NIRS 脑和NIRS 组织 ）的同步录音暂停期间，一个病人。总的呼吸暂停时间为363秒。继呼吸暂停NIRS和血氧饱和度值约140秒保持稳定。通过外围血氧饱和度，而238秒后，被检出脑近红外光谱的减少204秒后，检测血氧饱和度的下降。最小测量血氧饱和度以下呼吸暂停为58?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans at JoVE.com

A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans

在人类缺氧模拟通常也被因吸入低氧气体混合物进行。在这项研究中，呼吸暂停潜水员被用来模拟人类动态缺氧。另外，在去饱和和再饱和动力学的生理变化与非侵入性工具，例如近红外光谱法（NIRS）和外围氧合饱和度（ 血氧饱和度）来评价。

一个模型来模拟人类临床相关性缺氧

In case of apnea, arterial partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) decreases, while partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) increases. To avoid damage to ...

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Intra-Operative Behavioral Tasks in Awake Humans Undergoing Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery

在接受深部脑刺激手术术中唤醒人类行为任务

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a surgical procedure that directs chronic, high frequency electrical stimulation to specific targets in the brain through ...

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In vivo Bioluminescence Imaging of Tumor Hypoxia Dynamics of Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis in a Mouse Model

In vivo Bioluminescence Imaging of Tumor Hypoxia Dynamics of Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis in a Mouse Model

在小鼠模型体内生物发光成像乳腺癌脑转移的肿瘤乏氧动力学

It is well recognized that tumor hypoxia plays an important role in promoting malignant progression and affecting therapeutic response negatively. There ...

Spectral Karyotyping to Study Chromosome Abnormalities in Humans and Mice with Polycystic Kidney Disease

光谱核型多囊肾病的研究在人类和小鼠的染色体异常

Conventional method to identify and classify individual chromosomes depends on the unique banding pattern of each chromosome in a specific species being ...

Optimization of High Grade Glioma Cell Culture from Surgical Specimens for Use in  Clinically Relevant Animal Models and 3D Immunochemistry

优化高等级胶质瘤细胞培养从外科标本用于临床相关的动物模型和3D免疫化学

Glioblastomas, the most common and aggressive form of astrocytoma, are refractory to therapy, and molecularly heterogeneous. The ability to establish cell ...

Candida albicans Biofilm Development on Medically-relevant Foreign Bodies in a Mouse Subcutaneous Model Followed by Bioluminescence Imaging

Candida albicans Biofilm Development on Medically-relevant Foreign Bodies in a Mouse Subcutaneous Model Followed by Bioluminescence Imaging

白色念珠菌生物膜发展在医学上，国外相关机构在小鼠皮下型号其次是生物发光成像

Candida albicans biofilm development on biotic and/or abiotic surfaces represents a specific threat for hospitalized patients. So far, C. albicans ...

Glutamate and Hypoxia as a Stress Model for the Isolated Perfused Vertebrate Retina

谷氨酸和缺氧作为离体脊椎动物视网膜应力模型

Neuroprotection has been a strong field of investigation in ophthalmological research in the past decades and affects diseases such as glaucoma, retinal ...

Implementation of In Vitro Drug Resistance Assays: Maximizing the Potential for Uncovering Clinically Relevant Resistance Mechanisms

Implementation of In Vitro Drug Resistance Assays: Maximizing the Potential for Uncovering Clinically Relevant Resistance Mechanisms

实施<em&gt;体外</em&gt;耐药性检测：最大化的潜力，揭开临床有关的耐药机制

Although targeted therapies are initially effective, resistance inevitably emerges. Several methods, such as genetic analysis of resistant clinical ...

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

基于短暂性脑缺氧缺血性血栓性中风模型

Stroke research has endured many setbacks in translating neuroprotective therapies into clinical practice. In contrast, the real-world therapy (tPA ...

A Protocol to Acquire the Degenerative Tenocyte from Humans

从人类获得变性 Tenocyte 的一种协议

Tendinopathy, a painful condition that develops in response to tendon degeneration, is on the rise in the developed world due to increasing physical ...

Isometric Contractility Measurement of the Mouse Mesenteric Artery Using Wire Myography

用线 Myography 测定小鼠肠系膜动脉的等轴收缩力

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and ...