Name: a model to simulate clinically relevant hypoxia in humans
Uploaded: 2016-12-22T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans at JoVE.com

Special thanks to all volunteers who participated in the original study. The work of L. Eichhorn was supported through a scholarship of the Else-Kr&#246;ner-Fresenius Foundation. The authors would like to thank Springer, Part of Springer Science+Business Media, for copyright clearance (License Number 3894660871180) and the kind permission of reusing previously published data.

dichiarazione etica Tutte le procedure eseguite in studi che coinvolgono soggetti umani erano in conformità con gli standard etici della dichiarazione di Helsinki 1964 e le sue successive modifiche. Il design di questo studio è stato approvato dal comitato etico locale dell&#39;Ospedale dell&#39;Università di Bonn, in Germania. NOTA: assicuratevi che i soggetti sono in buone condizioni e sano, privo di qualsiasi farmaco anti-ipertensivo e almeno 24 ore gratis agenti catecolamine indurre come la caffeina o ...

<ol>
	<li>Drager, L. F., Polotsky, V. Y., O'Donnell, C. P., Cravo, S. L., Lorenzi-Filho, G., Machado, B. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Translational+approaches+to+understanding+metabolic+dysfunction+and+cardiovascular+consequences+of+obstructive+sleep+apnea.">Translational approaches to understanding metabolic dysfunction and cardiovascular consequences of obstructive sleep apnea.</a> Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 309 (7), 1101-1111 (2015).</li><li>Shah, N., Trivedi, N. K., Clack, S. L., Shah, M., Shah, P. P., Barker, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Impact+of+hypoxemia+on+the+performance+of+cerebral+oximeter+in+volunteer+subjects.">Impact of hypoxemia on the performance of cerebral oximeter in volunteer subjects.</a> J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 12 (3), 201-209 (2000).</li><li>Ricci, M., Lombardi, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Near-infrared+spectroscopy+to+monitor+cerebral+oxygen+saturation+in+single-ventricle+physiology.">Near-infrared spectroscopy to monitor cerebral oxygen saturation in single-ventricle physiology.</a> J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 131 (2), 395-402 (2006).</li><li>Kusaka, T., Isobe, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantification+of+cerebral+oxygenation+by+full-spectrum+near-infrared+spectroscopy+using+a+two-point+method.">Quantification of cerebral oxygenation by full-spectrum near-infrared spectroscopy using a two-point method.</a> Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 132 (1), 121-132 (2002).</li><li>Nishimura, N., Iwasaki, K., Ogawa, Y., Shibata, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oxygen+administration,+cerebral+blood+flow+velocity,+and+dynamic+cerebral+autoregulation.">Oxygen administration, cerebral blood flow velocity, and dynamic cerebral autoregulation.</a> Aviat Space Environ Med. 78 (12), 1121-1127 (2007).</li><li>Wilson, M. H., Newman, S., Imray, C. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+cerebral+effects+of+ascent+to+high+altitudes.">The cerebral effects of ascent to high altitudes.</a> Lancet Neurol. 8 (2), 175-191 (2009).</li><li>Sanborn, M. R., Edsell, M. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cerebral+hemodynamics+at+altitude:+effects+of+hyperventilation+and+acclimatization+on+cerebral+blood+flow+and+oxygenation.">Cerebral hemodynamics at altitude: effects of hyperventilation and acclimatization on cerebral blood flow and oxygenation.</a> Wilderness Environ Med. 26 (2), 133-141 (2015).</li><li>Reynolds, J. C., Salcido, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue+oximetry+by+near-infrared+spectroscopy+in+a+porcine+model+of+out-of-hospital+cardiac+arrest+and+resuscitation.">Tissue oximetry by near-infrared spectroscopy in a porcine model of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and resuscitation.</a> Resuscitation. 84 (6), 843-847 (2013).</li><li>Andersson, J. P. A., Evaggelidis, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Arterial+oxygen+saturation+and+diving+response+during+dynamic+apneas+in+breath-hold+divers.">Arterial oxygen saturation and diving response during dynamic apneas in breath-hold divers.</a> Scand J Med Sci Sports. 19 (1), 87-91 (2009).</li><li>Overgaard, K., Friis, S., Pedersen, R. B., Lykkeboe, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Influence+of+lung+volume,+glossopharyngeal+inhalation+and+P(ET)+O2+and+P(ET)+CO2+on+apnea+performance+in+trained+breath-hold+divers.">Influence of lung volume, glossopharyngeal inhalation and P(ET) O2 and P(ET) CO2 on apnea performance in trained breath-hold divers.</a> Eur J Appl Physiol. 97 (2), 158-164 (2006).</li><li>Ferretti, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extreme+human+breath-hold+diving.">Extreme human breath-hold diving.</a> Eur J Appl Physiol. 84 (4), 254-271 (2001).</li><li>Eichhorn, L., Erdfelder, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+near-infrared+spectroscopy+under+apnea-dependent+hypoxia+in+humans.">Evaluation of near-infrared spectroscopy under apnea-dependent hypoxia in humans.</a> J Clin Monit Comput. 29 (6), 749-757 (2015).</li><li>Eichhorn, J. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pulse+oximetry+as+a+standard+of+practice+in+anesthesia.">Pulse oximetry as a standard of practice in anesthesia.</a> Anesthesiology. 78 (3), 423-426 (1993).</li><li>Schewe, J. -. C., Thudium, M. O., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Monitoring+of+cerebral+oxygen+saturation+during+resuscitation+in+out-of-hospital+cardiac+arrest:+a+feasibility+study+in+a+physician+staffed+emergency+medical+system.">Monitoring of cerebral oxygen saturation during resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a feasibility study in a physician staffed emergency medical system.</a> Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 22, 58 (2014).</li><li>Ahn, A., Nasir, A., Malik, H., D'Orazi, F., Parnia, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+pilot+study+examining+the+role+of+regional+cerebral+oxygen+saturation+monitoring+as+a+marker+of+return+of+spontaneous+circulation+in+shockable+(VF/VT)+and+non-shockable+(PEA/Asystole)+causes+of+cardiac+arrest.">A pilot study examining the role of regional cerebral oxygen saturation monitoring as a marker of return of spontaneous circulation in shockable (VF/VT) and non-shockable (PEA/Asystole) causes of cardiac arrest.</a> Resuscitation. 84 (12), 1713-1716 (2013).</li><li>Moritz, S., Kasprzak, P., Arlt, M., Taeger, K., Metz, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Accuracy+of+cerebral+monitoring+in+detecting+cerebral+ischemia+during+carotid+endarterectomy:+a+comparison+of+transcranial+Doppler+sonography,+near-infrared+spectroscopy,+stump+pressure,+and+somatosensory+evoked+potentials.">Accuracy of cerebral monitoring in detecting cerebral ischemia during carotid endarterectomy: a comparison of transcranial Doppler sonography, near-infrared spectroscopy, stump pressure, and somatosensory evoked potentials.</a> Anesthesiology. 107 (4), 563-569 (2007).</li><li>Beilman, G. J., Groehler, K. E., Lazaron, V., Ortner, J. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Near-infrared+spectroscopy+measurement+of+regional+tissue+oxyhemoglobin+saturation+during+hemorrhagic+shock.">Near-infrared spectroscopy measurement of regional tissue oxyhemoglobin saturation during hemorrhagic shock.</a> Shock. 12 (3), 196-200 (1999).</li><li>Rhee, P., Langdale, L., Mock, C., Gentilello, L. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Near-infrared+spectroscopy:+continuous+measurement+of+cytochrome+oxidation+during+hemorrhagic+shock.">Near-infrared spectroscopy: continuous measurement of cytochrome oxidation during hemorrhagic shock.</a> Crit Care Med. 25 (1), 166-170 (1997).</li><li>Zweifel, C., Castellani, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Continuous+assessment+of+cerebral+autoregulation+with+near-infrared+spectroscopy+in+adults+after+subarachnoid+hemorrhage.">Continuous assessment of cerebral autoregulation with near-infrared spectroscopy in adults after subarachnoid hemorrhage.</a> Stroke. 41 (9), 1963-1968 (2010).</li><li>Scheeren, T. W. L., Schober, P., Schwarte, L. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Monitoring+tissue+oxygenation+by+near+infrared+spectroscopy+(NIRS):+background+and+current+applications.">Monitoring tissue oxygenation by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS): background and current applications.</a> J Clin Monit Comput. 26 (4), 279-287 (2012).</li><li>Boushel, R., Langberg, H., Olesen, J., Gonzales-Alonzo, J., B&#252;low, J., Kjaer, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Monitoring+tissue+oxygen+availability+with+near+infrared+spectroscopy+(NIRS)+in+health+and+disease.">Monitoring tissue oxygen availability with near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in health and disease.</a> Scand J Med Sci Sports. 11 (4), 213-222 (2001).</li><li>Aaslid, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cerebral+autoregulation+and+vasomotor+reactivity.">Cerebral autoregulation and vasomotor reactivity.</a> Front Neurol Neurosci. 21, 216-228 (2006).</li><li>Palada, I., Obad, A., Bakovic, D., Valic, Z., Ivancev, V., Dujic, Z. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cerebral+and+peripheral+hemodynamics+and+oxygenation+during+maximal+dry+breath-holds.">Cerebral and peripheral hemodynamics and oxygenation during maximal dry breath-holds.</a> Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 157 (2-3), 374-381 (2007).</li><li>Heusser, K., Dzamonja, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardiovascular+regulation+during+apnea+in+elite+divers.">Cardiovascular regulation during apnea in elite divers.</a> Hypertension. 53 (4), 719-724 (2009).</li><li>Joulia, F., Lemaitre, F., Fontanari, P., Mille, M. L., Barthelemy, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Circulatory+effects+of+apnoea+in+elite+breath-hold+divers.">Circulatory effects of apnoea in elite breath-hold divers.</a> Acta Physiol (Oxf). 197 (1), 75-82 (2009).</li><li>Costalat, G., Coquart, J., Castres, I., Tourny, C., Lemaitre, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hemodynamic+adjustments+during+breath-holding+in+trained+divers.">Hemodynamic adjustments during breath-holding in trained divers.</a> Eur J Appl Physiol. 113 (10), 2523-2529 (2013).</li><li>Busch, D. R., Lynch, J. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cerebral+Blood+Flow+Response+to+Hypercapnia+in+Children+with+Obstructive+Sleep+Apnea+Syndrome.">Cerebral Blood Flow Response to Hypercapnia in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome.</a> Sleep. 39 (1), 209-216 (2016).</li><li>Alex, R., Bhave, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+investigation+of+simultaneous+variations+in+cerebral+blood+flow+velocity+and+arterial+blood+pressure+during+sleep+apnea.">An investigation of simultaneous variations in cerebral blood flow velocity and arterial blood pressure during sleep apnea.</a> Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. , 5634-5637 (2012).</li><li>Eichhorn, L., Erdfelder, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Influence+of+Apnea-induced+Hypoxia+on+Catecholamine+Release+and+Cardiovascular+Dynamics.">Influence of Apnea-induced Hypoxia on Catecholamine Release and Cardiovascular Dynamics.</a> Int J Sports Med. , (2016).</li></ol>

Il tempo totale di apnea è causato principalmente dalla dimensione del polmone e consumo di ossigeno al minuto e influenzata dalla capacità di un individuo per sopportare il riflesso respirazione causato aumentando pCO 2 o diminuendo pO 2. apneisti sono addestrati a massimizzare la loro durata apnea e sono abituati a fare in modo di ispirazione massima. Pertanto, il tempo fino ipossia è differisce rilevabili tra individui e dipende dallo stato e condizione di preparazione fisica del soggetto e p...

Clinicamente rilevante ipossia acuta e ipercapnia concomitante è visto soprattutto nei pazienti con la sindrome ostruttiva di apnea del sonno (OSAS), ostruzione delle vie aeree acuta o durante la rianimazione cardiopolmonare. Le principali limitazioni nel campo della OSAS e altre condizioni ipossiemici includono la conoscenza limitata trasferibile sulla fisiopatologia derivate da studi su animali e che modelli umani sono inesistenti 1. Per simulare l&#39;ipossia negli esseri umani, miscele di gas ipossiche sono finora stati utilizzati 2-7. Tuttavia, queste condizioni sono più rappresentativi di un ambiente di alta quota che di situazioni cliniche in cui l&#39;ipossia, in generale, è accompagnato da ipercapnia. Per monitorare l&#39;ossigenazione dei tessuti durante l&#39;arresto cardiaco e rianimazione, studi su animali sono stati eseguiti 8 per indagare meccanismi compensatori fisiologici. subacquei di apnea sono atleti sani in grado di deprimere l&#39;impulso di respirazioneche viene evocato da una bassa saturazione arteriosa di ossigeno 9 e un aumento del pCO2 10,11. Abbiamo studiato i subacquei di apnea in modo da imitare situazioni cliniche di ipossia acuta e ipercapnia concomitante 12. Questo modello può essere utilizzato per valutare le configurazioni clinici, migliorare la comprensione fisiopatologica di pazienti con OSAS o disturbi respiratori patologici, e rivelare nuove possibilità per studiare un potenziale meccanismo di bilanciamento contatore in caso di apnea. Inoltre, diverse tecniche per rilevare ipossia negli esseri umani può essere testato per la fattibilità e precisione nel caso di ipossia dinamico che è presente in situazioni di emergenza (ad esempio, ostruzioni delle vie aeree, laringospasmo o non può intubazione, impossibile ventilare situazioni) oppure per simulare ipossia intermittente in pazienti con OSAS. tecniche non invasive per rilevare ipossia negli esseri umani sono limitati. Peripheral pulsossimetria (SpO2) è uno strumento approvato nel pre-hospiTal e ambito ospedaliero per rilevare ipossia 13. Il metodo si basa sulla luce assorbimento di emoglobina. Tuttavia, la misura SpO 2 è limitata a ossigenazione arteriosa periferica e non può essere utilizzato in caso di attività elettrica senza polso (PEA) o centralizzato circolazione minima 14. Al contrario, Near-Infrared Spectroscopy può essere utilizzato per valutare cerebrale saturazione di ossigeno tissutale (RSO 2) in tempo reale durante il PEA, durante shock emorragico o dopo emorragia subaracnoidea 15 - 19. Il suo uso è in costante crescita e 20 studi metodologici hanno rivelato una correlazione positiva tra SpO 2 e RSO 2 3,4. In questo studio, mettiamo a disposizione un modello per simulare l&#39;ipossia clinicamente rilevante negli esseri umani e presentare una metodologia step-by-step per confrontare pulsossimetria periferica e NIRS in caso di de- e ri-saturazione. Analizzando i dati fisiologici in caso dipnea, la nostra comprensione dei meccanismi di bilanciamento del contatore può essere migliorata.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="352">
	<colgroup>
		<col span="4" />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="60">
			<td height="60" style="height:60px;width:88px;">SpO2</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Dr&#228;ger Medical AG&#38;CO.KG</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">SHP ACC MCABLE-Masimo Set</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">peripheral SpO2-Monitoring</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="80">
			<td height="80" style="height:80px;width:88px;">Non Invasive Blood Pressure (NIBP)</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Dr&#228;ger Medical AG&#38;CO.KG</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">NIBP cuff M+,&#160; MP00916&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:88px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="60">
			<td height="60" style="height:60px;width:88px;">Electrocardiographic (ECG) &#160;</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Dr&#228;ger Medical AG&#38;CO.KG</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Infinity M540 Monitor</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">ECG monitoring</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="60">
			<td height="60" style="height:60px;width:88px;">Docking station</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Dr&#228;ger Medical AG&#38;CO.KG</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">M500 Docking Station</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">connection of M540 to laptop</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="80">
			<td height="80" style="height:80px;width:88px;">NIRS</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">NONIN Medical&#8217;s EQUANOX</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Model 7600 Regional Oximeter System</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">measuring of cerebral and&#160; tissue oxygenation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="120">
			<td height="120" style="height:120px;width:88px;">NIRS diodes</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">EQUANOX Advance Sensor</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Model 8004CA</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">suited for measuring cerebral and somatic oxygen-saturation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:88px;">Laptop&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:88px;"></td>
			<td style="width:88px;"></td>
			<td style="width:88px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="80">
			<td height="80" style="height:80px;width:88px;">DataGrabber</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Dr&#228;ger Medical AG&#38;CO.KG</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">DataGrabber v2005.10.16</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">software to synchronize M540 with laptop</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="80">
			<td height="80" style="height:80px;width:88px;">eVision</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Nonin Medical. Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Version 1.3.0.0</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">software to synchronize NONIN with laptop</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a model to simulate clinically relevant hypoxia in humans

In case of apnea, arterial partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) decreases, while partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) increases. To avoid damage to hypoxia sensitive organs such as the brain, compensatory circulatory mechanisms help to maintain an adequate oxygen supply. This is mainly achieved by increased cerebral blood flow. Intermittent hypoxia is a commonly seen phenomenon in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Acute airway obstruction can also result in hypoxia and hypercapnia. Until now, no adequate model has been established to simulate these dynamics in humans. Previous investigations focusing on human hypoxia used inhaled hypoxic gas mixtures. However, the resulting hypoxia was combined with hyperventilation and is therefore more representative of high altitude environments than of apnea. Furthermore, the transferability of previously performed animal experiments to humans is limited and the pathophysiological background of apnea induced physiological changes is poorly understood. In this study, healthy human apneic divers were utilized to mimic clinically relevant hypoxia and hypercapnia during apnea. Additionally, pulse-oximetry and Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) were used to evaluate changes in cerebral and peripheral oxygen saturation before, during, and after apnea.

Figura 1 visualizza le registrazioni simultanee di SpO2 e valori NIRS (NIRS tessuto cerebrale e NIRS) durante l&#39;apnea in un paziente. Tempo totale apnea era 363 sec. A seguito di apnea NIRS e SpO2 valori sono rimasti stabili per circa 140 secondi. Una diminuzione della SpO2 è stato rilevato dopo 204 secondi dalla periferica SpO2, mentre è stato rilevato un calo del NIRS cerebrale dopo 238 ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans at JoVE.com

A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans

simulazione ipossia negli esseri umani è stato di solito eseguita da inalazione di miscele di gas ipossiche. Per questo studio, i subacquei di apnea sono stati utilizzati per simulare ipossia dinamica nell&#39;uomo. Inoltre, i cambiamenti fisiologici di desaturazione e ri-saturazione cinetica sono stati valutati con strumenti non invasivi come la Near-Infrared-spettroscopia (NIRS) e la saturazione di ossigenazione periferica (SpO2).

Un modello per simulare ipossia clinicamente rilevanti negli esseri umani

In case of apnea, arterial partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) decreases, while partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) increases. To avoid damage to ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Intra-Operative Behavioral Tasks in Awake Humans Undergoing Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery

Compiti del comportamento Intra-Operative negli esseri umani sottoposti a profonda Awake Surgery Brain Stimulation

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a surgical procedure that directs chronic, high frequency electrical stimulation to specific targets in the brain through ...

Ricerca

Medicina

In vivo Bioluminescence Imaging of Tumor Hypoxia Dynamics of Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis in a Mouse Model

In vivo Bioluminescence Imaging of Tumor Hypoxia Dynamics of Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis in a Mouse Model

In Imaging bioluminescenza in vivo di Dinamica Tumore ipossia di metastasi cerebrali cancro al seno in un modello murino

It is well recognized that tumor hypoxia plays an important role in promoting malignant progression and affecting therapeutic response negatively. There ...

Spectral Karyotyping to Study Chromosome Abnormalities in Humans and Mice with Polycystic Kidney Disease

Cariotipo spettrale allo studio anomalie cromosomiche negli esseri umani e nei topi con malattia del rene policistico

Conventional method to identify and classify individual chromosomes depends on the unique banding pattern of each chromosome in a specific species being ...

Optimization of High Grade Glioma Cell Culture from Surgical Specimens for Use in  Clinically Relevant Animal Models and 3D Immunochemistry

Ottimizzazione della coltura cellulare glioma di alto grado da campioni chirurgici per l'uso in modelli animali clinicamente rilevanti e immunochimica 3D

Glioblastomas, the most common and aggressive form of astrocytoma, are refractory to therapy, and molecularly heterogeneous. The ability to establish cell ...

Candida albicans Biofilm Development on Medically-relevant Foreign Bodies in a Mouse Subcutaneous Model Followed by Bioluminescence Imaging

Candida albicans Biofilm Development on Medically-relevant Foreign Bodies in a Mouse Subcutaneous Model Followed by Bioluminescence Imaging

Candida albicans Biofilm sviluppo sulla medicalmente rilevanti Foreign Bodies in un mouse sottocutaneo modello seguito da Bioluminescence Imaging

Candida albicans biofilm development on biotic and/or abiotic surfaces represents a specific threat for hospitalized patients. So far, C. albicans ...

Glutamate and Hypoxia as a Stress Model for the Isolated Perfused Vertebrate Retina

Glutammato e ipossia come modello di stress per l&#39;isolato perfuso vertebrati Retina

Neuroprotection has been a strong field of investigation in ophthalmological research in the past decades and affects diseases such as glaucoma, retinal ...

Implementation of In Vitro Drug Resistance Assays: Maximizing the Potential for Uncovering Clinically Relevant Resistance Mechanisms

Implementation of In Vitro Drug Resistance Assays: Maximizing the Potential for Uncovering Clinically Relevant Resistance Mechanisms

Implementazione di<em&gt; In Vitro</em&gt; Drug Resistance saggi: massimizzare il potenziale per scoprire clinicamente rilevanti Resistenza Meccanismi

Although targeted therapies are initially effective, resistance inevitably emerges. Several methods, such as genetic analysis of resistant clinical ...

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

Un trombotica Stroke modello basato sulla transitoria cerebrale ipossia-ischemia

Stroke research has endured many setbacks in translating neuroprotective therapies into clinical practice. In contrast, the real-world therapy (tPA ...

A Protocol to Acquire the Degenerative Tenocyte from Humans

Un protocollo per acquisire il Tenocyte degenerativa dagli esseri umani

Tendinopathy, a painful condition that develops in response to tendon degeneration, is on the rise in the developed world due to increasing physical ...

Isometric Contractility Measurement of the Mouse Mesenteric Artery Using Wire Myography

Misurazione di contrattilità isometrica dell'arteria mesenterica Mouse con filo Myography

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and ...