Name: a model to simulate clinically relevant hypoxia in humans
Uploaded: 2016-12-22T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans at JoVE.com

Special thanks to all volunteers who participated in the original study. The work of L. Eichhorn was supported through a scholarship of the Else-Kr&#246;ner-Fresenius Foundation. The authors would like to thank Springer, Part of Springer Science+Business Media, for copyright clearance (License Number 3894660871180) and the kind permission of reusing previously published data.

Declaración de Ética Todos los procedimientos realizados en los estudios con seres humanos estaban en conformidad con las normas éticas de la Declaración de Helsinki de 1964 y sus modificaciones posteriores. El diseño de este estudio fue aprobado por el comité de ética local del Hospital de la Universidad de Bonn, Alemania. NOTA: Asegúrese de que los sujetos están en buenas condiciones y saludable, libre de cualquier medicamento contra la hipertensión y al menos 24 horas libres de agentes de catecol...

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El tiempo total de apnea es causada principalmente por el tamaño de pulmón y el consumo de oxígeno por minuto y la influencia de la capacidad de un individuo para resistir el reflejo de respiración causado por el aumento de pCO 2 o la disminución de pO 2. buceadores de apnea están capacitados para maximizar su duración de aguantar la respiración y se utilizan para hacerlo en inspiración máxima. Por lo tanto, el tiempo hasta que la hipoxia es diferente detectables entre los individuos y de...

hipoxia aguda clínicamente relevante e hipercapnia concomitante se ve sobre todo en pacientes con síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño (SAOS), obstrucción aguda o durante la reanimación cardiopulmonar. Las principales limitaciones en el ámbito de SAOS y otras condiciones hipoxémicos incluyen el conocimiento transferible limitada sobre la fisiopatología derivada de estudios en animales y humanos que los modelos son inexistentes 1. Para imitar la hipoxia en los seres humanos, las mezclas de gases de hipoxia hasta el momento se han utilizado 2-7. Sin embargo, estas condiciones son más representativos de un entorno de gran altitud que de situaciones clínicas en las que la hipoxia, en general, se acompaña de la hipercapnia. Para monitorizar la oxigenación del tejido durante el paro cardiaco y reanimación, los estudios en animales se han realizado 8 para investigar los mecanismos compensatorios fisiológicos. buceadores de apnea son atletas sanos capaces de deprimir el impulso respiratorioque es evocado por una baja saturación de oxígeno arterial y un aumento del 9 pCO2 10,11. Se investigaron los buceadores de apnea el fin de imitar las situaciones clínicas de hipoxia aguda e hipercapnia concomitante 12. Este modelo puede ser utilizado para evaluar configuraciones clínicas, mejorar la comprensión fisiopatológica de los pacientes con SAOS o trastornos respiratorios patológicos, y revelar nuevas posibilidades para el estudio de un potencial mecanismo de equilibrio de contador en casos de apnea. Además, diferentes técnicas para detectar hipoxia en los seres humanos se puede probar la viabilidad y la precisión en el caso de hipoxia dinámica que está presente en situaciones de emergencia (es decir, las obstrucciones de las vías respiratorias, laringoespasmo o no puede intubar, no puede ventilar situaciones) o para simular la hipoxia intermitente en pacientes con SAOS. técnicas no invasivas para detectar la hipoxia en los seres humanos son limitados. La oximetría de pulso periférico (SpO2) es una herramienta aprobada en la pre-hosTal y ambientes de hospital para detectar la hipoxia 13. El método se basa en la absorción de luz de la hemoglobina. Sin embargo, la medición de SpO 2 se limita a la oxigenación arterial periférica y no se puede utilizar en los casos de actividad eléctrica sin pulso (PEA) o la circulación mínima centralizado 14. Por el contrario, espectroscopia de infrarrojo cercano se puede utilizar para evaluar cerebral saturación de oxígeno del tejido (OPR 2) en tiempo real durante la PEA, durante el shock hemorrágico o después de la hemorragia subaracnoidea 15-19. Su uso está en constante crecimiento y 20 estudios metodológicos han revelado una correlación positiva entre la SpO 2 y rSO2 3,4. En este estudio, proporcionar un modelo para simular la hipoxia clínicamente relevante en los seres humanos y presentar una metodología paso a paso para comparar la oximetría de pulso periférico y NIRS en caso de des- y re-saturación. Mediante el análisis de los datos fisiológicos en el caso de unaPNEA, nuestra comprensión de los mecanismos de equilibrio de contador se puede mejorar.

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			<td height="60" style="height:60px;width:88px;">SpO2</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Dr&#228;ger Medical AG&#38;CO.KG</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">SHP ACC MCABLE-Masimo Set</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">peripheral SpO2-Monitoring</td>
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			<td height="80" style="height:80px;width:88px;">Non Invasive Blood Pressure (NIBP)</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Dr&#228;ger Medical AG&#38;CO.KG</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">NIBP cuff M+,&#160; MP00916&#160;</td>
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			<td height="60" style="height:60px;width:88px;">Electrocardiographic (ECG) &#160;</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Dr&#228;ger Medical AG&#38;CO.KG</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Infinity M540 Monitor</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">ECG monitoring</td>
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			<td height="60" style="height:60px;width:88px;">Docking station</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Dr&#228;ger Medical AG&#38;CO.KG</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">M500 Docking Station</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">connection of M540 to laptop</td>
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			<td height="80" style="height:80px;width:88px;">NIRS</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">NONIN Medical&#8217;s EQUANOX</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Model 7600 Regional Oximeter System</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">measuring of cerebral and&#160; tissue oxygenation</td>
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		<tr height="120">
			<td height="120" style="height:120px;width:88px;">NIRS diodes</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">EQUANOX Advance Sensor</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Model 8004CA</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">suited for measuring cerebral and somatic oxygen-saturation</td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:88px;">Laptop&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:88px;"></td>
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			<td height="80" style="height:80px;width:88px;">DataGrabber</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Dr&#228;ger Medical AG&#38;CO.KG</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">DataGrabber v2005.10.16</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">software to synchronize M540 with laptop</td>
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			<td height="80" style="height:80px;width:88px;">eVision</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Nonin Medical. Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Version 1.3.0.0</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">software to synchronize NONIN with laptop</td>
		</tr>
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a model to simulate clinically relevant hypoxia in humans

In case of apnea, arterial partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) decreases, while partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) increases. To avoid damage to hypoxia sensitive organs such as the brain, compensatory circulatory mechanisms help to maintain an adequate oxygen supply. This is mainly achieved by increased cerebral blood flow. Intermittent hypoxia is a commonly seen phenomenon in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Acute airway obstruction can also result in hypoxia and hypercapnia. Until now, no adequate model has been established to simulate these dynamics in humans. Previous investigations focusing on human hypoxia used inhaled hypoxic gas mixtures. However, the resulting hypoxia was combined with hyperventilation and is therefore more representative of high altitude environments than of apnea. Furthermore, the transferability of previously performed animal experiments to humans is limited and the pathophysiological background of apnea induced physiological changes is poorly understood. In this study, healthy human apneic divers were utilized to mimic clinically relevant hypoxia and hypercapnia during apnea. Additionally, pulse-oximetry and Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) were used to evaluate changes in cerebral and peripheral oxygen saturation before, during, and after apnea.

La Figura 1 muestra registros simultáneos de SpO 2 y los valores NIRS (tejido cerebral y NIRS NIRS) durante la apnea en un paciente. El tiempo total de la apnea era 363 seg. Después de la apnea del NIRS y valores de SpO 2 se mantuvieron estables durante aproximadamente 140 segundos. Se detectó una disminución de la SpO 2 después de 204 segundos de SpO 2 periférica mientras que se detectó ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans at JoVE.com

A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans

simulación hipoxia en los seres humanos por lo general se ha realizado por la inhalación de mezclas de gases hipóxicas. Para este estudio, los buceadores de apnea se utilizan para simular la hipoxia dinámico en los seres humanos. Además, los cambios fisiológicos en la desaturación y re-saturación cinéticas fueron evaluados con herramientas no invasivas tales como el Infrarrojo Cercano-Espectroscopía (NIRS) y la saturación de oxigenación periférica (SpO2).

Un modelo para simular la hipoxia clínicamente relevantes en seres humanos

In case of apnea, arterial partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) decreases, while partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) increases. To avoid damage to ...

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Candida albicans biofilm development on biotic and/or abiotic surfaces represents a specific threat for hospitalized patients. So far, C. albicans ...

Glutamate and Hypoxia as a Stress Model for the Isolated Perfused Vertebrate Retina

El glutamato y la hipoxia como un Modelo de estrés para el perfundido aislado Vertebrados Retina

Neuroprotection has been a strong field of investigation in ophthalmological research in the past decades and affects diseases such as glaucoma, retinal ...

Implementation of In Vitro Drug Resistance Assays: Maximizing the Potential for Uncovering Clinically Relevant Resistance Mechanisms

Implementation of In Vitro Drug Resistance Assays: Maximizing the Potential for Uncovering Clinically Relevant Resistance Mechanisms

Implementación de<em&gt; In Vitro</em&gt; Droga Resistencia Ensayos: Maximizar el Potencial de Descubrimiento clínicamente relevantes mecanismos de resistencia

Although targeted therapies are initially effective, resistance inevitably emerges. Several methods, such as genetic analysis of resistant clinical ...

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

Un accidente cerebrovascular trombótico Basado En transitoria cerebral por hipoxia-isquemia Modelo

Stroke research has endured many setbacks in translating neuroprotective therapies into clinical practice. In contrast, the real-world therapy (tPA ...

A Protocol to Acquire the Degenerative Tenocyte from Humans

Un protocolo para adquirir la Tenocyte degenerativa de los seres humanos

Tendinopathy, a painful condition that develops in response to tendon degeneration, is on the rise in the developed world due to increasing physical ...

Isometric Contractility Measurement of the Mouse Mesenteric Artery Using Wire Myography

Medición de la contractilidad isométrica de la arteria mesentérica de ratón con cable miografía

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and ...