Name: a model to simulate clinically relevant hypoxia in humans
Uploaded: 2016-12-22T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans at JoVE.com

Special thanks to all volunteers who participated in the original study. The work of L. Eichhorn was supported through a scholarship of the Else-Kr&#246;ner-Fresenius Foundation. The authors would like to thank Springer, Part of Springer Science+Business Media, for copyright clearance (License Number 3894660871180) and the kind permission of reusing previously published data.

Etik beyanı insan katılımcıların çalışmalarda yapılan tüm işlemler 1964 Helsinki ilanının etik standartlar ve daha sonraki değişiklikleri uyarınca idi. Bu çalışmanın tasarımı Bonn Üniversitesi, Almanya Hastanesi yerel etik kurulu tarafından onaylandı. NOT: denekler herhangi bir anti-hipertansif ilaç özgür ve kafein veya eşit maddeler gibi katekolamin uyaran maddelerin en az 24 saat ücretsiz, iyi ve sağlıklı durumda olduğundan emin olun. Deney Konu 1...

<ol>
	<li>Drager, L. F., Polotsky, V. Y., O'Donnell, C. P., Cravo, S. L., Lorenzi-Filho, G., Machado, B. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Translational+approaches+to+understanding+metabolic+dysfunction+and+cardiovascular+consequences+of+obstructive+sleep+apnea.">Translational approaches to understanding metabolic dysfunction and cardiovascular consequences of obstructive sleep apnea.</a> Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 309 (7), 1101-1111 (2015).</li><li>Shah, N., Trivedi, N. K., Clack, S. L., Shah, M., Shah, P. P., Barker, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Impact+of+hypoxemia+on+the+performance+of+cerebral+oximeter+in+volunteer+subjects.">Impact of hypoxemia on the performance of cerebral oximeter in volunteer subjects.</a> J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 12 (3), 201-209 (2000).</li><li>Ricci, M., Lombardi, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Near-infrared+spectroscopy+to+monitor+cerebral+oxygen+saturation+in+single-ventricle+physiology.">Near-infrared spectroscopy to monitor cerebral oxygen saturation in single-ventricle physiology.</a> J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 131 (2), 395-402 (2006).</li><li>Kusaka, T., Isobe, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantification+of+cerebral+oxygenation+by+full-spectrum+near-infrared+spectroscopy+using+a+two-point+method.">Quantification of cerebral oxygenation by full-spectrum near-infrared spectroscopy using a two-point method.</a> Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 132 (1), 121-132 (2002).</li><li>Nishimura, N., Iwasaki, K., Ogawa, Y., Shibata, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oxygen+administration,+cerebral+blood+flow+velocity,+and+dynamic+cerebral+autoregulation.">Oxygen administration, cerebral blood flow velocity, and dynamic cerebral autoregulation.</a> Aviat Space Environ Med. 78 (12), 1121-1127 (2007).</li><li>Wilson, M. H., Newman, S., Imray, C. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+cerebral+effects+of+ascent+to+high+altitudes.">The cerebral effects of ascent to high altitudes.</a> Lancet Neurol. 8 (2), 175-191 (2009).</li><li>Sanborn, M. R., Edsell, M. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cerebral+hemodynamics+at+altitude:+effects+of+hyperventilation+and+acclimatization+on+cerebral+blood+flow+and+oxygenation.">Cerebral hemodynamics at altitude: effects of hyperventilation and acclimatization on cerebral blood flow and oxygenation.</a> Wilderness Environ Med. 26 (2), 133-141 (2015).</li><li>Reynolds, J. C., Salcido, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue+oximetry+by+near-infrared+spectroscopy+in+a+porcine+model+of+out-of-hospital+cardiac+arrest+and+resuscitation.">Tissue oximetry by near-infrared spectroscopy in a porcine model of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and resuscitation.</a> Resuscitation. 84 (6), 843-847 (2013).</li><li>Andersson, J. P. A., Evaggelidis, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Arterial+oxygen+saturation+and+diving+response+during+dynamic+apneas+in+breath-hold+divers.">Arterial oxygen saturation and diving response during dynamic apneas in breath-hold divers.</a> Scand J Med Sci Sports. 19 (1), 87-91 (2009).</li><li>Overgaard, K., Friis, S., Pedersen, R. B., Lykkeboe, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Influence+of+lung+volume,+glossopharyngeal+inhalation+and+P(ET)+O2+and+P(ET)+CO2+on+apnea+performance+in+trained+breath-hold+divers.">Influence of lung volume, glossopharyngeal inhalation and P(ET) O2 and P(ET) CO2 on apnea performance in trained breath-hold divers.</a> Eur J Appl Physiol. 97 (2), 158-164 (2006).</li><li>Ferretti, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extreme+human+breath-hold+diving.">Extreme human breath-hold diving.</a> Eur J Appl Physiol. 84 (4), 254-271 (2001).</li><li>Eichhorn, L., Erdfelder, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+near-infrared+spectroscopy+under+apnea-dependent+hypoxia+in+humans.">Evaluation of near-infrared spectroscopy under apnea-dependent hypoxia in humans.</a> J Clin Monit Comput. 29 (6), 749-757 (2015).</li><li>Eichhorn, J. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pulse+oximetry+as+a+standard+of+practice+in+anesthesia.">Pulse oximetry as a standard of practice in anesthesia.</a> Anesthesiology. 78 (3), 423-426 (1993).</li><li>Schewe, J. -. C., Thudium, M. O., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Monitoring+of+cerebral+oxygen+saturation+during+resuscitation+in+out-of-hospital+cardiac+arrest:+a+feasibility+study+in+a+physician+staffed+emergency+medical+system.">Monitoring of cerebral oxygen saturation during resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a feasibility study in a physician staffed emergency medical system.</a> Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 22, 58 (2014).</li><li>Ahn, A., Nasir, A., Malik, H., D'Orazi, F., Parnia, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+pilot+study+examining+the+role+of+regional+cerebral+oxygen+saturation+monitoring+as+a+marker+of+return+of+spontaneous+circulation+in+shockable+(VF/VT)+and+non-shockable+(PEA/Asystole)+causes+of+cardiac+arrest.">A pilot study examining the role of regional cerebral oxygen saturation monitoring as a marker of return of spontaneous circulation in shockable (VF/VT) and non-shockable (PEA/Asystole) causes of cardiac arrest.</a> Resuscitation. 84 (12), 1713-1716 (2013).</li><li>Moritz, S., Kasprzak, P., Arlt, M., Taeger, K., Metz, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Accuracy+of+cerebral+monitoring+in+detecting+cerebral+ischemia+during+carotid+endarterectomy:+a+comparison+of+transcranial+Doppler+sonography,+near-infrared+spectroscopy,+stump+pressure,+and+somatosensory+evoked+potentials.">Accuracy of cerebral monitoring in detecting cerebral ischemia during carotid endarterectomy: a comparison of transcranial Doppler sonography, near-infrared spectroscopy, stump pressure, and somatosensory evoked potentials.</a> Anesthesiology. 107 (4), 563-569 (2007).</li><li>Beilman, G. J., Groehler, K. E., Lazaron, V., Ortner, J. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Near-infrared+spectroscopy+measurement+of+regional+tissue+oxyhemoglobin+saturation+during+hemorrhagic+shock.">Near-infrared spectroscopy measurement of regional tissue oxyhemoglobin saturation during hemorrhagic shock.</a> Shock. 12 (3), 196-200 (1999).</li><li>Rhee, P., Langdale, L., Mock, C., Gentilello, L. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Near-infrared+spectroscopy:+continuous+measurement+of+cytochrome+oxidation+during+hemorrhagic+shock.">Near-infrared spectroscopy: continuous measurement of cytochrome oxidation during hemorrhagic shock.</a> Crit Care Med. 25 (1), 166-170 (1997).</li><li>Zweifel, C., Castellani, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Continuous+assessment+of+cerebral+autoregulation+with+near-infrared+spectroscopy+in+adults+after+subarachnoid+hemorrhage.">Continuous assessment of cerebral autoregulation with near-infrared spectroscopy in adults after subarachnoid hemorrhage.</a> Stroke. 41 (9), 1963-1968 (2010).</li><li>Scheeren, T. W. L., Schober, P., Schwarte, L. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Monitoring+tissue+oxygenation+by+near+infrared+spectroscopy+(NIRS):+background+and+current+applications.">Monitoring tissue oxygenation by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS): background and current applications.</a> J Clin Monit Comput. 26 (4), 279-287 (2012).</li><li>Boushel, R., Langberg, H., Olesen, J., Gonzales-Alonzo, J., B&#252;low, J., Kjaer, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Monitoring+tissue+oxygen+availability+with+near+infrared+spectroscopy+(NIRS)+in+health+and+disease.">Monitoring tissue oxygen availability with near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in health and disease.</a> Scand J Med Sci Sports. 11 (4), 213-222 (2001).</li><li>Aaslid, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cerebral+autoregulation+and+vasomotor+reactivity.">Cerebral autoregulation and vasomotor reactivity.</a> Front Neurol Neurosci. 21, 216-228 (2006).</li><li>Palada, I., Obad, A., Bakovic, D., Valic, Z., Ivancev, V., Dujic, Z. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cerebral+and+peripheral+hemodynamics+and+oxygenation+during+maximal+dry+breath-holds.">Cerebral and peripheral hemodynamics and oxygenation during maximal dry breath-holds.</a> Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 157 (2-3), 374-381 (2007).</li><li>Heusser, K., Dzamonja, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardiovascular+regulation+during+apnea+in+elite+divers.">Cardiovascular regulation during apnea in elite divers.</a> Hypertension. 53 (4), 719-724 (2009).</li><li>Joulia, F., Lemaitre, F., Fontanari, P., Mille, M. L., Barthelemy, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Circulatory+effects+of+apnoea+in+elite+breath-hold+divers.">Circulatory effects of apnoea in elite breath-hold divers.</a> Acta Physiol (Oxf). 197 (1), 75-82 (2009).</li><li>Costalat, G., Coquart, J., Castres, I., Tourny, C., Lemaitre, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hemodynamic+adjustments+during+breath-holding+in+trained+divers.">Hemodynamic adjustments during breath-holding in trained divers.</a> Eur J Appl Physiol. 113 (10), 2523-2529 (2013).</li><li>Busch, D. R., Lynch, J. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cerebral+Blood+Flow+Response+to+Hypercapnia+in+Children+with+Obstructive+Sleep+Apnea+Syndrome.">Cerebral Blood Flow Response to Hypercapnia in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome.</a> Sleep. 39 (1), 209-216 (2016).</li><li>Alex, R., Bhave, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+investigation+of+simultaneous+variations+in+cerebral+blood+flow+velocity+and+arterial+blood+pressure+during+sleep+apnea.">An investigation of simultaneous variations in cerebral blood flow velocity and arterial blood pressure during sleep apnea.</a> Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. , 5634-5637 (2012).</li><li>Eichhorn, L., Erdfelder, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Influence+of+Apnea-induced+Hypoxia+on+Catecholamine+Release+and+Cardiovascular+Dynamics.">Influence of Apnea-induced Hypoxia on Catecholamine Release and Cardiovascular Dynamics.</a> Int J Sports Med. , (2016).</li></ol>

Toplam apne süresi esas akciğer boyutuna ve dakikada oksijen tüketiminden kaynaklanan ve PCO 2 artırarak ya da po 2 azalarak nedeniyle solunum refleksini dayanacak bir bireyin yeteneği etkilenir. Apne dalgıçlar nefes tutma süresini en üst düzeye çıkarmak için eğitilmiştir ve maksimal ilham bunu yapmak için kullanılır. Bu nedenle, hipoksi kadar zaman bireyler arasında saptanabilir farklıdır ve kişinin fiziksel durumu ve eğitim durumuna bağlıdır ve hatta solunum refleksi day...

Klinik olarak anlamlı akut hipoksi ve eşlik eden hiperkapni çoğunlukla Obstrüktif uyku apne sendromu (OSAS), akut solunum yolu tıkanıklığı olan hastalarda veya kardiyopulmoner resüsitasyon sırasında görülür. OSAS ve diğer hipoksemik koşullara alanında büyük sınırlamalar hayvan çalışmalarından elde edilen patofizyoloji hakkında ve insan modelleri varolmayan 1 olduğu sınırlı devredilebilir bilgiyi içerir. 7 - insanlarda hipoksi taklit etmek için, hipoksik gaz karışımları kadar 2 kullanılmıştır. Bununla birlikte, bu koşullar hipoksi, genel olarak, hiperkapni eşlik klinik durumların daha yüksek irtifa çevresi fazla temsilidir. Kardiyak arrest ve resüsitasyon sırasında doku oksijenasyonu izlemek için hayvan çalışmaları fizyolojik telafi mekanizmalarının araştırılması 8 yapılmıştır. Apne dalgıçlar nefes dürtü karartıcı yeteneğine sağlıklı sporcularBu düşük arteriyel oksijen doygunluğu 9 ve artan pCO 2 10,11 tarafından uyarılmış edilir. Biz akut hipoksi ve eşlik eden hiperkapni 12 klinik durumlar taklit etmek için apne dalgıçlar araştırdık. Bu model, bir klinik kurulumları değerlendirilmesi OSAS patolojik solunum bozukluğu olan hastaların fizyopatolojik iyi anlaşılmasını sağlamak ve apne durumlarda potansiyel karşı dengeleme mekanizması incelemek için yeni imkanlar ortaya çıkarmak için kullanılabilir. Bundan başka, farklı teknikler (durumları havalandırma değil, örneğin, hava yolu engel, larenks ve entübe olamaz) ya da hasta aralıklı hipoksi simüle etmek için, insanlarda hipoksi acil durumlarda mevcut dinamik hipoksiye karşı fizibilite ve doğruluğu test edilebilir tespit etmek için OSAS. İnsanlar sınırlı noninvaziv teknikler hipoksi tespit etmek. Periferik pulse oksimetre (SpO2) öncesi Hospi onaylı bir araçtırtal ve hastane ayarları hipoksi 13 algılamak için. yöntem, hemoglobin ışık emme dayanır. Ancak, SpO 2 ölçüm periferik arteriyel oksijenasyonu ile sınırlıdır ve nabızsız elektriksel aktivitenin (PEA) veya merkezi asgari dolaşımı 14 durumlarda kullanılamaz. 19 - Buna karşılık, Near-Infrared Spektroskopisi hemorajik şok ya da subaraknoid kanama 15 aşağıdaki sırasında, PEA sırasında gerçek zamanlı olarak beyin doku oksijen doygunluğunu (TGK 2) değerlendirmek için kullanılabilir. Kullanımı sürekli 20 büyüyor ve metodolojik çalışmalar SpO 2 ve TGK 2 3,4 arasında pozitif bir korelasyon ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu çalışmada, insanlarda klinik olarak anlamlı hipoksi taklit ve de- ve yeniden doygunluğu durumunda periferik pulse oksimetre ve NIRS karşılaştırmak için bir adım-adım metodolojisini sunmak için bir model. Bir halinde fizyolojik verilerini analiz ederekpnea, sayaç dengeleme mekanizmaları anlayışımız geliştirilebilir.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="352">
	<colgroup>
		<col span="4" />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="60">
			<td height="60" style="height:60px;width:88px;">SpO2</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Dr&#228;ger Medical AG&#38;CO.KG</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">SHP ACC MCABLE-Masimo Set</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">peripheral SpO2-Monitoring</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="80">
			<td height="80" style="height:80px;width:88px;">Non Invasive Blood Pressure (NIBP)</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Dr&#228;ger Medical AG&#38;CO.KG</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">NIBP cuff M+,&#160; MP00916&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:88px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="60">
			<td height="60" style="height:60px;width:88px;">Electrocardiographic (ECG) &#160;</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Dr&#228;ger Medical AG&#38;CO.KG</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Infinity M540 Monitor</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">ECG monitoring</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="60">
			<td height="60" style="height:60px;width:88px;">Docking station</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Dr&#228;ger Medical AG&#38;CO.KG</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">M500 Docking Station</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">connection of M540 to laptop</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="80">
			<td height="80" style="height:80px;width:88px;">NIRS</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">NONIN Medical&#8217;s EQUANOX</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Model 7600 Regional Oximeter System</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">measuring of cerebral and&#160; tissue oxygenation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="120">
			<td height="120" style="height:120px;width:88px;">NIRS diodes</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">EQUANOX Advance Sensor</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Model 8004CA</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">suited for measuring cerebral and somatic oxygen-saturation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:88px;">Laptop&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:88px;"></td>
			<td style="width:88px;"></td>
			<td style="width:88px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="80">
			<td height="80" style="height:80px;width:88px;">DataGrabber</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Dr&#228;ger Medical AG&#38;CO.KG</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">DataGrabber v2005.10.16</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">software to synchronize M540 with laptop</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="80">
			<td height="80" style="height:80px;width:88px;">eVision</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Nonin Medical. Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Version 1.3.0.0</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">software to synchronize NONIN with laptop</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a model to simulate clinically relevant hypoxia in humans

In case of apnea, arterial partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) decreases, while partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) increases. To avoid damage to hypoxia sensitive organs such as the brain, compensatory circulatory mechanisms help to maintain an adequate oxygen supply. This is mainly achieved by increased cerebral blood flow. Intermittent hypoxia is a commonly seen phenomenon in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Acute airway obstruction can also result in hypoxia and hypercapnia. Until now, no adequate model has been established to simulate these dynamics in humans. Previous investigations focusing on human hypoxia used inhaled hypoxic gas mixtures. However, the resulting hypoxia was combined with hyperventilation and is therefore more representative of high altitude environments than of apnea. Furthermore, the transferability of previously performed animal experiments to humans is limited and the pathophysiological background of apnea induced physiological changes is poorly understood. In this study, healthy human apneic divers were utilized to mimic clinically relevant hypoxia and hypercapnia during apnea. Additionally, pulse-oximetry and Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) were used to evaluate changes in cerebral and peripheral oxygen saturation before, during, and after apnea.

Bir hastada apne sırasında 1 görüntüler SpO 2 ve NIRS değerleri (NIRS beyin ve NIRS doku) eş zamanlı kayıtları Şekil. Toplam apne süresi 363 sn idi. Aşağıdaki apne NIRS ve SpO2 değerleri yaklaşık 140 saniye boyunca sabit kalmıştır. NIRS serebralin bir azalma 238 saniye sonra tespit edildi ise SpO 2 azalma periferik SpO 2 204 saniye sonra tespit edildi. En d?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans at JoVE.com

A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans

İnsanlarda Hipoksi simülasyonu genellikle hipoksik gaz karışımları solunması ile yapılmıştır. Bu çalışma için, apne dalgıç insanlarda dinamik hipoksi simüle etmek için kullanıldı. Ayrıca, desatürasyon ve yeniden doygunluk kinetik fizyolojik değişiklikler gibi Near-Infrared-Spektroskopi (NIRS) ve periferal oksijenasyon doygunluğu (SpO2) olarak non-invaziv araçları ile değerlendirildi.

Bir Model İnsanlarda klinik İlgili ününüz Benzet

In case of apnea, arterial partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) decreases, while partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) increases. To avoid damage to ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Intra-Operative Behavioral Tasks in Awake Humans Undergoing Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery

Derin beyin stimülasyonu Cerrahi Uygulanan Uyanık İnsanlar İntraoperatif Davranış Görevler

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a surgical procedure that directs chronic, high frequency electrical stimulation to specific targets in the brain through ...

In vivo Bioluminescence Imaging of Tumor Hypoxia Dynamics of Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis in a Mouse Model

In vivo Bioluminescence Imaging of Tumor Hypoxia Dynamics of Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis in a Mouse Model

Meme Kanseri Beyin metastaz tümör Hipoksi Dynamics in vivo Biyoparlaklık Görüntüleme Fare Modeli

It is well recognized that tumor hypoxia plays an important role in promoting malignant progression and affecting therapeutic response negatively. There ...

Spectral Karyotyping to Study Chromosome Abnormalities in Humans and Mice with Polycystic Kidney Disease

Polikistik Böbrek Hastalığı Olan İnsanlar ve Fareler kromozom anomalileri Eğitim Spektral Karyotipik

Conventional method to identify and classify individual chromosomes depends on the unique banding pattern of each chromosome in a specific species being ...

Optimization of High Grade Glioma Cell Culture from Surgical Specimens for Use in  Clinically Relevant Animal Models and 3D Immunochemistry

Klinik Olarak İlgili Hayvan Modellerinde ve 3D İmmün entrikalarda Kullanılmak Üzere Cerrahi Örneklerden Yüksek Dereceli Glioma Hücre Kültürünün Optimizasyonu

Glioblastomas, the most common and aggressive form of astrocytoma, are refractory to therapy, and molecularly heterogeneous. The ability to establish cell ...

Candida albicans Biofilm Development on Medically-relevant Foreign Bodies in a Mouse Subcutaneous Model Followed by Bioluminescence Imaging

Candida albicans Biofilm Development on Medically-relevant Foreign Bodies in a Mouse Subcutaneous Model Followed by Bioluminescence Imaging

Biyoparlaklık Görüntüleme Ardından Fare Subkutan Modeli Tıbben-ilgili yabancı Organları Candida albicans Biyofilm Geliştirme

Candida albicans biofilm development on biotic and/or abiotic surfaces represents a specific threat for hospitalized patients. So far, C. albicans ...

Glutamate and Hypoxia as a Stress Model for the Isolated Perfused Vertebrate Retina

İzole Perfüze Omurgalı Retina için bir Stres Modeli olarak Glutamat ve hipoksi

Neuroprotection has been a strong field of investigation in ophthalmological research in the past decades and affects diseases such as glaucoma, retinal ...

Implementation of In Vitro Drug Resistance Assays: Maximizing the Potential for Uncovering Clinically Relevant Resistance Mechanisms

Implementation of In Vitro Drug Resistance Assays: Maximizing the Potential for Uncovering Clinically Relevant Resistance Mechanisms

Uygulanması<em&gt; İn Vitro</em&gt; İlaç Direnci Tahliller: Klinik İlgili Direnç Mekanizmaları ortaya çıkararak yönelik Potansiyeli maksimize

Although targeted therapies are initially effective, resistance inevitably emerges. Several methods, such as genetic analysis of resistant clinical ...

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

Geçici Serebral Hipoksi-iskemi Dayalı Bir Trombotik İnme Modeli

Stroke research has endured many setbacks in translating neuroprotective therapies into clinical practice. In contrast, the real-world therapy (tPA ...

A Protocol to Acquire the Degenerative Tenocyte from Humans

Dejeneratif Tenocyte insanlardan elde etmek için bir protokol

Tendinopathy, a painful condition that develops in response to tendon degeneration, is on the rise in the developed world due to increasing physical ...

Isometric Contractility Measurement of the Mouse Mesenteric Artery Using Wire Myography

İzometrik Contractility ölçüm tel Myography kullanarak fare mezenterik arter

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and ...