Name: an experimental and finite element protocol to investigate the transport of neutral and charged solutes across articular cartilage
Uploaded: 2017-04-23T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Experimental and Finite Element Protocol to Investigate the Transport of Neutral and Charged Solutes across Articular Cartilage at JoVE.com

लेखकों osteochondral प्लग करने की प्रक्रिया लपेटकर में उनकी मदद के लिए यूएमसी उट्रेच में विकास यांत्रिकी समूह से श्री जेरोन वेन डेन बर्ग और श्री माथिजिस Wassink करने के लिए अपने आभार व्यक्त करना चाहते हैं। इस काम डच गठिया फाउंडेशन से अनुदान द्वारा समर्थित किया गया।

नोट: यहां प्रस्तुत प्रोटोकॉल हाल शोध पत्र 6, 8, 9 की प्रयोगात्मक और कम्प्यूटेशनल प्रक्रियाओं से अपनाया है। प्रोटोकॉल चित्र 1 में दिखाया गया है। श?...

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G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Diffusion-tensor+imaging+of+human+articular+cartilage+specimens+with+early+signs+of+cartilage+damage.">Diffusion-tensor imaging of human articular cartilage specimens with early signs of cartilage damage.</a> Radiology. 266 (3), 831-841 (2013).</li><li>Tavakoli Nia, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Aggrecan+Nanoscale+Solid-Fluid+Interactions+Are+a+Primary+Determinant+of+Cartilage+Dynamic+Mechanical+Properties.">Aggrecan Nanoscale Solid-Fluid Interactions Are a Primary Determinant of Cartilage Dynamic Mechanical Properties.</a> ACS Nano. 9 (3), 2614-2625 (2015).</li><li>Arbabi, V., Campoli, G., Weinans, H., Zadpoor, A. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Estimation+of+cartilage+properties+using+indentation+tests,+finite+element+models,+and+artificial+neural+networks.">Estimation of cartilage properties using indentation tests, finite element models, and artificial neural networks.</a> , (2014).</li><li>Arbabi, V., Pouran, B., Campoli, G., Weinans, H., Zadpoor, A. 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T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Computed+tomography+detects+changes+in+contrast+agent+diffusion+after+collagen+cross-linking+typical+to+natural+aging+of+articular+cartilage.">Computed tomography detects changes in contrast agent diffusion after collagen cross-linking typical to natural aging of articular cartilage.</a> Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. 19 (10), 1190-1198 (2011).</li><li>Decker, S. G., Moeini, M., Chin, H. C., Rosenzweig, D. H., Quinn, T. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adsorption+and+Distribution+of+Fluorescent+Solutes+near+the+Articular+Surface+of+Mechanically+Injured+Cartilage.">Adsorption and Distribution of Fluorescent Solutes near the Articular Surface of Mechanically Injured Cartilage.</a> Biophysical Journal. 105 (10), 2427-2436 (2013).</li><li>Silvast, T. S., Jurvelin, S. J., Tiitu, V., Quinn, T. M., Töyräs, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bath+Concentration+of+Anionic+Contrast+Agents+Does+Not+Affect+Their+Diffusion+and+Distribution+in+Articular+cartilage+In+Vitro.">Bath Concentration of Anionic Contrast Agents Does Not Affect Their Diffusion and Distribution in Articular cartilage In Vitro.</a> Cartilage. 4 (1), 42-51 (2013).</li><li>Silvast, T. S., Jurvelin, J. S., Lammi, M. 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हम संधि उपास्थि भर में तटस्थ और आरोप लगाया विलेय के प्रसार का अध्ययन करने के लिए एक परिमित तत्व मॉडलिंग प्रक्रिया के साथ संयुक्त एक प्रयोगात्मक प्रोटोकॉल प्रस्तुत किया। हमारे हाल के अध्ययनों के अनुस?...

<html> आण्विक परिवहन को अभिव्यक्त करते जोड़ों की समस्थिति में एक महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाता, चिकित्सा विज्ञान जोड़दार के वितरण उपास्थि और विपरीत-बढ़ाया उपास्थि इमेजिंग 1, 2, 3। इस तरह के उपास्थि एकीकरण और intactness, घुला हुआ पदार्थ प्रभारी और आकार के साथ-साथ परासरणीयता और उपास्थि परिवहन दर 4, 5, 6 को प्रभावित कर सकते के साथ संपर्क में स्नान की एकाग्रता जैसे कारक। विलेय, या तो तटस्थ या आरोप लगाया की परिवहन,, संधि उपास्थि क्षेत्रों के बीच अलग-अलग हो सकता है क्योंकि प्रत्येक क्षेत्र अलग सांद्रता और प्रमुख बाह्य मैट्रिक्स अणुओं के झुकाव के होते हैं, अर्थात् प्रोटियोग्लाइकन (PGS) और कोलेजन प्रकार द्वितीय 1, 7, 8, 9,लड़की = &quot;xref&quot;&gt; 10, 11। इससे भी महत्वपूर्ण बात, आरोप लगाया विलेय के परिवहन बाह्य मैट्रिक्स जो संधि उपास्थि 8, 9 भर में बढ़ जाती है के भीतर नकारात्मक निर्धारित शुल्क शामिल प्रोटियोग्लाइकन की एकाग्रता पर अत्यधिक निर्भर हो सकता है। वे पैरामीटर विशेष रूप से निश्चित चार्ज घनत्व (FCD), कोलेजन तंतुओं और उपास्थि भर में पानी की मात्रा में भिन्नता के उन्मुखीकरण परिवर्तन से गुजरना सकता है के रूप में पुराने ऑस्टियोआर्थराइटिस (OA), प्रगति जिससे उपास्थि भर में प्रसार का अध्ययन करने के महत्व का सूचक है। वर्तमान अध्ययन में, एक प्रोटोकॉल पहले से स्थापित प्रयोगात्मक और कम्प्यूटेशनल पढ़ाई 6, 8, 9 सही रूप में प्रसार के एक परिमित-स्नान मॉडल में तटस्थ और आरोप लगाया विलेय का उपयोग कर विभिन्न सीमा की स्थिति के तहत प्रसार की जांच करने का प्रस्ताव है पर आधारित है। टीउन्होंने प्रस्ताव किया तरीकों उपास्थि और एक परिमित-स्नान उन्नत biphasic-घुला हुआ पदार्थ और multiphasic परिमित तत्व मॉडल के द्वारा समर्थित एक प्रणाली की सूक्ष्म परिकलित टोमोग्राफी इमेजिंग (सूक्ष्म सीटी) से बनी हैं। इन मॉडलों को संधि उपास्थि के विभिन्न क्षेत्रों में तटस्थ और चार्ज वाले अणु के साथ-साथ FCDs के प्रसार गुणांक प्राप्त करने के लिए सक्षम है। इन मॉडलों का उपयोग करना, एक diffusing तटस्थ और चार्ज वाले अणु कि उपास्थि और डालने परिमित-स्नान के बीच संबंधों की जांच के लिए इस्तेमाल किया जा सकता के व्यवहार की बेहतर समझ प्राप्त कर सकते हैं।

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="688">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Hexabrix</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Guerbet</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">15HX005D</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">Negatively charged contrast agent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Visipaque</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">GE healthcare</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:123px;">12570511</td>
			<td>Nuetral contrast agent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">PBS</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Life technologies</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:123px;">10010023</td>
			<td>Medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">micro-CT</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Perkin Elmer</td>
			<td style="width:123px;"></td>
			<td>Monitoring diffusion</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Freezing-point osmometer</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Advanced instruments</td>
			<td style="width:123px;"></td>
			<td>Measuring solution osmolality</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

an experimental and finite element protocol to investigate the transport of neutral and charged solutes across articular cartilage

<html> पुराने ऑस्टियोआर्थराइटिस (OA) एक दुर्बल करने वाली बीमारी है जो संधि उपास्थि और subchondral हड्डी का अध: पतन के साथ जुड़ा हुआ है। संधि उपास्थि का अध: पतन काफी हद तक इसकी भार उठाने वाले समारोह impairs के रूप में यह जबरदस्त रसायनिक अवक्रमण, यानी proteoglycan नुकसान और कोलेजन तंतु व्यवधान अनुभव करता है। एक होनहार रास्ता OA दौरान रासायनिक क्षति तंत्र की जांच के लिए एक बाहरी घुला हुआ पदार्थ को उपास्थि नमूनों का पर्दाफाश और अणुओं के प्रसार की निगरानी के लिए है। उपास्थि क्षति (यानी एकाग्रता और आवश्यक अणुओं के विन्यास) की डिग्री बाहरी विलेय की collisional ऊर्जा के नुकसान के साथ जुड़े हैं, जबकि संधि उपास्थि पर चलने स्वस्थ उपास्थि की तुलना में अलग प्रसार विशेषताओं बनाता है। इस अध्ययन में, हम कई चरण होते हैं और पहले से विकसित प्रयोगात्मक सूक्ष्म सी पर आधारित है जो एक प्रोटोकॉल, परिचय14px; &quot;&gt; omputed टी omography (सूक्ष्म सीटी) और परिमित तत्व मॉडलिंग का आरोप लगाया और न लगाए गए iodinated अणुओं का परिवहन पहले सूक्ष्म सीटी, जो biphasic-घुला हुआ पदार्थ और multiphasic परिमित तत्व मॉडल प्रसार गुणांक प्राप्त करने के लिए आवेदन करने के बाद आता है का उपयोग कर दर्ज की गई है। और उपास्थि क्षेत्रों में प्रभारी घनत्व तय की।

यहाँ प्रदान की प्रतिनिधि परिणाम पिछले शोध पत्र 6, 8, 9, 16 से अपनाया जाता है। OA में, संधि उपास्थि महत्वपूर्ण परिवर्तन सबस?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Experimental and Finite Element Protocol to Investigate the Transport of Neutral and Charged Solutes across Articular Cartilage at JoVE.com

An Experimental and Finite Element Protocol to Investigate the Transport of Neutral and Charged Solutes across Articular Cartilage

हमने हाल ही में विकसित की प्रयोगात्मक और संख्यात्मक तरीके की सहायता से संधि उपास्थि भर में आरोप लगाया गया और न लगाए गए अणुओं का परिवहन की जांच के लिए एक प्रोटोकॉल का प्रस्ताव।

एक प्रायोगिक और सीमित तत्व प्रोटोकॉल संधि उपास्थि भर में तटस्थ और आरोपी विलेय की परिवहन जांच करने के लिए

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating disease that is associated with degeneration of articular cartilage and subchondral bone. Degeneration of articular ...

The overall goal of this procedure it to investigate the transport of charged and uncharged molecules across articular cartilage with the aid of experimental and numerical methods. This method can help answer key questions related to physical properties of articular cartilage, such as diffusion coefficient and fixed charge density in different zones. The main advantage of this technique is that it adopts a finite path, experimental model based on microcomputer tomography of transport of radiopaque molecules.To begin sample preparation, drill out an 8.5 millimeter diameter cylindrical osteochondral plug while spraying room temperature phosphate buffered saline, PBS, onto the drilling area. Insert the plug into an approximately 2.5 centimeter length of heat shrink tubing so that the bone layer is flush with the end, and then cover the cartilage surface with wet cotton. Then use a hot air gun to shrink the tubing around the sides of the plug.Load a finite volume of a 420 millimolar ioxaglate or iodixanol solution onto the cartilage surface inside the tubing to prepare a negatively charged or neutral solute bath respectively. Seal the open end of the tube with a cork. Place the sample with the corked end up on a sample holder mounted on the motorized stage of a micro-CT.Scan over a field of view containing the cartilage, subchondral plate, and finite bath. Repeat the scan periodically over the next 48 hours or until the contrast agent concentration in the cartilage does not change over time. In the instrument software, register the 3-D images at different time points relative to the initial image and convert the reconstructed images to a 2-D TIFF file stack.Import the images into an image processing program and duplicate them to segment bath and subchondral bone separately. Next, holes in the subchondral bone are filled and redundant pixels in the bath are removed manually. The resulting segmented bath and subchondral bone images are then added mathematically.And using the wand tool, the outline of the cartilage mask is defined and added to the Region of Interest Manager. Measure the average gray value of the cartilage. Based on the initial concentrations in the bath and cartilage, convert the average gray values in the bath and cartilage to solute concentration using a linear calibration curve.Plot the solute concentrations over time. To begin the computational modeling of diffusion using FEBio software, build finite bath-based cartilage multi-zone models where the superficial zone comprises 20%of the cartilage thickness, the middle zone represents 50%and the deep zone represents 30%A table containing the information of a neutral solute is created for a Biphasic Solute model. And a table containing the information of charged solutes is created for a Multiphasic model.To model the diffusion of charged solutes with the Multiphasic model, two monovalent counter-ions to both the bath and the cartilage have to be added to avoid the effects of electric fluctuation between the bath and the tissue. Once the cartilage and finite bath zones have been modeled, assign the corresponding mechanical and physical properties, namely, Young's modulus, permeability, free diffusivity, and diffusivity to each zone for the Biphasic Solute model. Assign mechanical and physical properties, namely, Young's modulus, permeability, free diffusivity, and diffusivity, as well as fixed charge density to each zone for the Multiphasic model.Next, generate an eight node trilinear hexahedral element mesh and refine it near the boundaries. To model the diffusion of neutral solutes with the Biphasic Solute model, apply the initial solute concentration and effective pressure to the Finite Bath model. Run the Biphasic Solute model in transient mode to produce solute concentration versus time curves based on the diffusion coefficients for each cartilage zone.For the Multiphasic model in a steady state step, set the same effective fluid pressures and solute concentrations for the cartilage and finite bath while increasing fixed charged density to its desired value. In a transient step, create a well stirred finite bath by keeping the diffusion coefficient in the bath sufficiently high. Inject the solute from the bath air interface into the bath to reach the concentration value.Then remove the prescribed solute concentration boundary condition from the previous step and revert the diffusion coefficient of the finite bath to its actual diffusion coefficient. Run the Multiphasic model using an FEBio MATLAB interface to obtain solute concentration versus time curves based on applied fixed charge densities and the diffusion coefficients for each cartilage zone. Using this method, the diffusion processes of neutral an anionic contrast agents through articular cartilage were modeled with biphasic solute and Multiphasic models respectively.Both models fit well with the experimental data. The diffusion coefficients of the neutral contrast agent, iodixanol, in different cartilage zones were determined from the Biphasic Solute model, and the diffusion coefficients of the anionic contrast agent, ioxaglate, in different zones were determined from the Multiphasic model. After its development, this technique paved the way for the researchers in the field of tissue biomechanics to explore the diffusive properties of soft tissues using a combination of experimental and computational approaches.After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to design experimental and computational platforms regarding diffusion across articular cartilage.

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