Name: scanning squid study of vortex manipulation by local contact
Uploaded: 2017-02-01T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Scanning SQUID Study of Vortex Manipulation by Local Contact at JoVE.com

Vi takker A. Sharoni fra Bar-Ilan University for at give de superledende film. Denne forskning blev støttet af Det Europæiske Forskningsråd Grant ERC-2014-STG- 639.792, Marie Curie Career Integration Grant FP7-PEOPLE-2012-CIG-333.799, og Israel Science Foundation Grant ISF-1102-1113.

1. Adgang til en scanning SQUID System <ol><li> Brug et scanning SQUID, der omfatter en SQUID-sensoren fremstillet på en chip 9, 10, stick-slip grove bevægelse fase, og et piezo-baserede scanner for fine bevægelser. Se figur 1. </li><li> Polere SQUID chip i et hjørne omkring pickup loop. Materialet af chippen skal fjernes hele vejen til pickup sløjfe. <ol><li> polere forsigtigt SQUID, under anvendelse en 5 til 0,5 um umagnetisk polering p...

<ol>
	<li>Olson Reichhardt, C. J., Hastings, M. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Do+Vortices+Entangle?.">Do Vortices Entangle?.</a> Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 157002 (2004).</li><li>Milo&#353;evi&#263;, M. V., Berdiyorov, G. R., Peeters, F. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fluxonic+cellular+automata.">Fluxonic cellular automata.</a> Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 212501 (2007).</li><li>Kalisky, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Scanning+Probe+Manipulation+of+Magnetism+at+the+LaAlO3/SrTiO3+Heterointerface.">Scanning Probe Manipulation of Magnetism at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Heterointerface.</a> Nano Lett. 12, 4055-4059 (2012).</li><li>Silva, C. C. D. S., Van de Vondel, J., Morelle, M., Moshchalkov, V. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Controlled+multiple+reversals+of+a+ratchet+effect.">Controlled multiple reversals of a ratchet effect.</a> Nature. 440, 651-654 (2006).</li><li>Kalisky, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dynamics+of+single+vortices+in+grain+boundaries:+I-V+characteristics+on+the+femtovolt+scale.">Dynamics of single vortices in grain boundaries: I-V characteristics on the femtovolt scale.</a> Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 202504 (2009).</li><li>Embon, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Probing+dynamics+and+pinning+of+single+vortices+in+superconductors+at+nanometer+scales.">Probing dynamics and pinning of single vortices in superconductors at nanometer scales.</a> Sci. Rep. 5, 7598 (2015).</li><li>Auslaender, O. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanics+of+individual+isolated+vortices+in+a+cuprate+superconductor.">Mechanics of individual isolated vortices in a cuprate superconductor.</a> Nature Phys. 5, 35-39 (2008).</li><li>Kalisky, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Behavior+of+vortices+near+twin+boundaries+in+underdoped+Ba(Fe1-xCox)2As2.">Behavior of vortices near twin boundaries in underdoped Ba(Fe1-xCox)2As2.</a> Phys. Rev. B. 83, 064511 (2011).</li><li>Huber, M. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gradiometric+micro-SQUID+susceptometer+for+scanning+measurements+of+mesoscopic+samples.">Gradiometric micro-SQUID susceptometer for scanning measurements of mesoscopic samples.</a> Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, 053704 (2008).</li><li>Koshnick, N. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+terraced+scanning+super+conducting+quantum+interference+device+susceptometer+with+submicron+pickup+loops.">A terraced scanning super conducting quantum interference device susceptometer with submicron pickup loops.</a> Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 243101 (2008).</li><li>Kremen, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanical+Control+of+Individual+Superconducting+Vortices.">Mechanical Control of Individual Superconducting Vortices.</a> Nano Lett. 16, 1626-1630 (2016).</li></ol>

Vellykket manipulation af hvirvler afhænger af flere kritiske trin. Det er vigtigt at bringe sensoren i en vinkel, således at spidsen af ​​chippen vil være den første til at komme i kontakt med prøven. For det andet er det vigtigt at bemærke, at den kraft, der udøves på prøven bestemmes ved de mekaniske egenskaber af cantilever, at chippen er monteret på. I den elastiske regime, skal kraften er proportional med deformation, x, ifølge Hookes lov: F = -kx Hvor k er fjeder...

Hvirvler er magnetiske genstande på nanoskala, dannet i type 2 superledere i nærvær af ydre magnetfelt. I en defekt gratis prøve, kan hvirvler bevæge sig frit. Men forskellige defekter i materialet resultat i områder med reduceret superledning, der er energetisk gunstig for hvirvler. Hvirvler tendens til at dekorere disse regioner, også kendt som de pinning sites. I dette tilfælde skal den nødvendige kraft til at flytte en vortex være større end den pinning kraft. Egenskaber af hvirvler, såsom vortex tæthed, interaktion styrke og rækkevidde, kan let bestemmes af eksterne felt, temperatur, eller geometri af prøven. Evnen til at styre disse egenskaber gør dem til et godt modelsystem for faste stoffer adfærd, der let kan indstilles, samt egnede kandidater til elektroniske anvendelser 1, 2. Kontrol af placeringen af ​​individuelle hvirvler er afgørende for udformningen af ​​en sådan logiske elementer. var opnået Mekanisk kontrol af magnetiske nanopartikler før. Kalisky et al. nylig brugt scanning superledende kvanteinterferens enhed (SQUID) at undersøge indflydelsen af lokale mekaniske belastning af ferromagnetiske patches i komplekse oxid grænseflader 3. De var i stand til at ændre retningen af ​​plasteret ved scanning i kontakt, trykke spidsen af ​​SQUID i prøven, at påføre en kraft på op til 1 μN i processen. Vi har brugt en lignende metode i vores protokol for at flytte hvirvler. I eksisterende studier af vortex manipulation, blev bevægelse opnås ved påføring strøm til prøven, hvilket skaber Lorentz-kraften 4, 5, 6. Selv om denne fremgangsmåde er effektiv, er det ikke lokalt, og for at styre en enkelt hvirvel, skal supplerende fabrikation påkrævet. Hvirvler kan også være Manipulated ved at anvende ydre magnetfelt, for eksempel med en magnetisk kraft mikroskop (MFM) eller med en SQUID feltspole 7, 8. Denne metode er effektiv og lokalt, men kraften påført af disse værktøjer er lille, og kan overvinde pinning kraft ved høje temperaturer, tæt på den kritiske temperatur for superlederen. Vores protokol tillader effektiv, lokal manipulation ved lave temperaturer (4 K) uden yderligere fremstilling af prøven. Vi billedfiler hvirvler hjælp scanning SQUID mikroskopi. Føleren er fremstillet på en silicium chip, som er poleret i et hjørne, og limet på en fleksibel cantilever. Cantilever anvendes til kapacitiv detektering af overfladen. Chippen er placeret i en vinkel til prøven, således at kontaktpunktet er på spidsen af ​​chippen. Vi anvender styrker på op til 2 μN ved at skubbe chippen ind i prøven. Vi bevæger prøven i forhold til SQUID ved piezo elementer. Vi flyttervortex ved at trykke på silicium spids ud for en hvirvel, eller ved at feje det, rører vortex.

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			<td style="width:199px;">x,y motion</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:299px;">stick slip coarse motion system</td>
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			<td>z motion</td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:299px;">stick slip coarse motion system controller</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Attocube</td>
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			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:299px;">high voltage amplifier</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Attocube</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">ANC 250</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:299px;">data acquisition card</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">National Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">NI&#160;PCIe-6363</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:299px;">piezo elements</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Piezo Systems Inc</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">T2C</td>
			<td>non magnetic</td>
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		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:299px;">low noise voltage preamplifier</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Stanford Research Systems</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">SR 560</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:299px;">capacitance bridge</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">General Radio</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">1615A</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:299px;">telescope</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">NAVITAR</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">1-504516</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:299px;">camera</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">MOTICAM</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">MP2</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:299px;">dewar</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Cryofab</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">N/A</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:299px;">insert</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">ICE oxford</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">N/A</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:299px;">Mu-metal shield</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Amuneal</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:299px;">vacuum cap</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">ICE oxford</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">N/A</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:299px;">sputtering system</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">AJA international Inc</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">N/A</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:299px;">lapping film</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">3M</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">261X</td>
			<td>non magnetic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:299px;">Nb target</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Kurt J. Lesker</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">EJTNBXX351A2</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:299px;">GE Varnish</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">CMR-Direct</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">02-33-001</td>
			<td>for cryogenic heatsinking</td>
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			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:299px;">Silver paste</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Structure Probe Inc</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">05063-AB</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
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scanning squid study of vortex manipulation by local contact

Local, deterministic manipulation of individual vortices in type 2 superconductors is challenging. The ability to control the position of individual vortices is necessary in order to study how vortices interact with each other, with the lattice, and with other magnetic objects. Here, we present a protocol for vortex manipulation in thin superconducting films by local contact, without applying current or magnetic field. Vortices are imaged using a scanning superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), and vertical stress is applied to the sample by pushing the tip of a silicon chip into the sample, using a piezoelectric element. Vortices are moved by tapping the sample or sweeping it with the silicon tip. Our method allows for effective manipulation of individual vortices, without damaging the film or affecting its topography. We demonstrate how vortices were relocated to distances of up to 0.8 mm. The vortices remained stable at their new location up to five days. With this method, we can control vortices and move them to form complex configurations. This technique for vortex manipulation could also be implemented in applications such as vortex based logic devices.

Vores protokol blev med succes testet på tusindvis af individuelle, godt adskilt hvirvler i to prøver af Nb, og ni prøver af NbN. Vi skaber nye hvirvler på samme prøve af opvarmning af prøven ovenfor Tc, og afkøle den tilbage til 4,2 K i nærvær af et magnetfelt. Vi valgte den ydre magnetfelt at opnå den ønskede vortex densitet. Vi viser her data fra disse eksperimenter. Disse resultater er blevet beskrevet detaljeret af Kremen et al. 11. <p...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Scanning SQUID Study of Vortex Manipulation by Local Contact at JoVE.com

Scanning SQUID Study of Vortex Manipulation by Local Contact

We present a protocol for manipulation of individual vortices in thin superconducting films, using local mechanical contact. The method does not include applying current, magnetic field or additional fabrication steps.

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Local, deterministic manipulation of individual vortices in type 2 superconductors is challenging. The ability to control the position of individual ...

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