Name: production of replication-defective retrovirus by transient transfection of 293t cells
Uploaded: 2007-12-04T04:22:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Production of Replication-Defective Retrovirus by Transient Transfection of 293T cells at JoVE.com

<ol>
<li>The evening before transformation, plate 293T cells at 3-5x106 cells/6 cm tissue cultureplate. Note: We use 293T cells for their ease of transfection and efficacyas virus producing cells. These cells are deficient in packaging the virus unless a helper plasmid is introduced. </li>
<li>The first morning, gently remove medium and replace with 4 ml 293T cell med containing 25 mM Chloroquine. Put in incubator for 1 hr. Note: the plate should be about 80% confluent. <...

<ol>
	<li>DuBridge, R. B., Tang, P., Hsia, H. C., Leong, P. M., Miller, J. H., Calos, M. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analysis+of+mutation+in+human+cells+by+using+an+Epstein-Barr+virus+shuttle+system.">Analysis of mutation in human cells by using an Epstein-Barr virus shuttle system.</a> Mol Cell Biol. 7, 379-387 (1987).</li><li>Cherry, S. R., Biniszkiewicz, D., van Parijs, L., Baltimore, D., Jaenisch, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Retroviral+expression+in+embryonic+stem+cells+and+hematopoietic+stem+cells.">Retroviral expression in embryonic stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells.</a> Mol Cell Biol. 20, 7419-7426 (2000).</li><li>Finer, M. H., Dull, T. J., Qin, L., Farson, D., Roberts, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=kat:+A+high-efficiency+retroviral+transduction+system+for+primary+human+T+lymphocytes.">kat: A high-efficiency retroviral transduction system for primary human T lymphocytes.</a> Blood. 83, 43-50 (1994).</li><li>Naviaux, R. K., Costanzi, E., Haas, M., Verma, I. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+pCL+vector+system:+rapid+production+of+helper-free,+high-titer,+recombinant+retroviruses.">The pCL vector system: rapid production of helper-free, high-titer, recombinant retroviruses.</a> J Virol. 70, 5701-5705 (1996).</li><li>Pear, W. S., Miller, J. P., Xu, L., Pui, J. C., Soffer, B., Quackenbush, R. C., Pendergast, A. M., Bronson, R., Aster, J. C., Scott, M. L., Baltimore, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficient+and+rapid+induction+of+a+chronic+myelogenous+leukemia-like+myeloproliferative+disease+in+mice+receiving+P210+bcr/abl-transduced+bone+marrow.">Efficient and rapid induction of a chronic myelogenous leukemia-like myeloproliferative disease in mice receiving P210 bcr/abl-transduced bone marrow.</a> Blood. 92, 3780-3792 (1998).</li><li>Pear, W. S., Nolan, G. P., Scott, M. L., Baltimore, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Production+of+high-titer+helper-free+retroviruses+by+transient+transfection.">Production of high-titer helper-free retroviruses by transient transfection.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 90, 8392-8396 (1993).</li><li>Stocking, C., Kollek, R., Bergholz, U., Ostertag, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long+terminal+repeat+sequences+impart+hematopoietic+transformation+properties+to+the+myeloproliferative+sarcoma+virus.">Long terminal repeat sequences impart hematopoietic transformation properties to the myeloproliferative sarcoma virus.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 82, 5746-5750 (1985).</li><li>Van Etten, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Models+of+chronic+myeloid+leukemia.">Models of chronic myeloid leukemia.</a> Curr Oncol Rep. 3, 228-237 (2001).</li><li>Van Etten, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Studying+the+pathogenesis+of+BCR-ABL++leukemia+in+mice.">Studying the pathogenesis of BCR-ABL+ leukemia in mice.</a> Oncogene. 21, 8643-8651 (2002).</li></ol>

Four critical points will assure the success of a good viral stock: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<ol>
<li>The 293T producing cells have to be very healthy, meaning they have been split on a very regular schedule, were never overgrown, and are plated at the optimized density of 3.5-5 million per 6 cm tissue culture plate, so that they reach a density of 80% of the plate on the morning of the transfection.&nbsp; </li>
<li>Addition of chloroquine improves transfection efficiency and subsequent virus titer, about 3- ...

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">	
		
		<div>
		<table border="1">
		<thead>
		<tr>
		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
		</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
		
<tr>
<td>293T cells</td>
<td>cell-line</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Split 1:3 to 1:4 every 3 days, otherwise they will tend to clump with replating and will not transfect as well. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>293T cell medium</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>DMEM/hi-glu + 10 % FBS + 1% Pen/Strep + 1% L-Glutamine (1% NEAA, optional). We obtain our tissue culture slutions from CellGro.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>coding DNA plasmid</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Twice purified by CsCl. MSCV backbone, encoding oncogene and marker of choice (Neo, GFP, etc.)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>EcoPak</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>also called pMCV-Ecopac: ecotropic packaging plasmid, encoding gag-pol-env</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2x HBS</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>For 500 ml: 8.0 g NaCl	+ 0.37 g KCl + 106.5 mg Na2HPO4 (anhydrous; 201.1 mg if 7xH2O) + 1.0 g dextrose (D-glucose) + 5.0 g HEPES powder. Dissolve in 450 ml dH2O (milli-Q), adjust pH to 7.05 with NaOH, then complete to 500 ml with dH2O. Sterile filter thru 0.45 &#181; filter. Store at room temperature, with the cap on tight.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2M CaCl2</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>miliQ H2O</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>sterile-filtered</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chloroquine</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>1000x stock is 25 mM in PBS- (w/o Ca2+/Mg2+), stored at -20C. Add fresh to the medium when needed.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>6 cm plates</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>for tissue culture</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Incubator</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>for tissue culture. Set at 37C, 10% CO2.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>10 cc sterile syringes</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sterile. One per virus type.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>18G needles</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>single use, one per virus type.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>45 um syringe filters</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>5 ml plastic tubes</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sterile, to mix transfection solution, for up to 2 plates at a time (2 ml). We use Falcon tubes.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>50 ml conical tubes</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>cryovials</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>2 and 4 ml, for virus aliquots.</td>
</tr>		</tbody>
		</table>
		</div>
			<div>
			All reagents used in the transfection must be sterile-filtered (CaCl2, 2x HBS, miliQ H2O) and kept sterile.		</div>

production of replication-defective retrovirus by transient transfection of 293t cells

Our lab studies human myeloproliferative diseases induced by such oncogenes as Bcr-Abl or growth factor receptor-derived oncogenes (ZNF198-FGFR1, Bcr-PDGFR&#945;, etc.). We are able to model and study a human-like disease in our mouse model, by transplanting bone marrow cells previously infected with a retrovirus expressing the oncogene of interest. Replication-defective retrovirus encoding a human oncogene and a marker (GFP, RFP, antibiotic resistance gene, etc.) is produced by a transient transfection protocol using 293T cells, a human renal epithelial cell line transformed by the adenovirus E1A gene product. 293 cells have the unusual property of being highly transfectable by calcium phosphate (CaPO4), with up to 50-80% transfection efficiency readily attainable. Here, we co-transfect 293 cells with a retroviral vector expressing the oncogene of interest and a plasmid that expresses the gag-pol-env packaging functions, such as the single-genome packaging constructs kat or pCL, in this case the EcoPak plasmid. The initial transfection is further improved by use of chloroquine. Stocks of ecotropic virus, collected as culture supernatant 48 hrs. post-transfection, can be stored at -80&deg;C and used for infection of cell-lines in view of transformation and in vitro studies, or primary cells such as mouse bone marrow cells, that can then be used for transplant in our mouse model.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Production of Replication-Defective Retrovirus by Transient Transfection of 293T cells at JoVE.com

Production of Replication-Defective Retrovirus by Transient Transfection of 293T cells

This technique demonstrates an efficient way to prepare replication-defective retroviral stocks encoding a human oncogene, and subsequently used for induction of myeloproliferative disease in the mouse model.

Our lab studies human myeloproliferative diseases induced by such oncogenes as Bcr-Abl or growth factor receptor-derived oncogenes (ZNF198-FGFR1, ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Gene-gun Transfection of Hippocampal Neurons

Optimized Transfection Strategy for Expression and Electrophysiological Recording of Recombinant Voltage-Gated Ion Channels in HEK-293T Cells

The in vitro expression and electrophysiological recording of recombinant voltage-gated ion channels in cultured human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293T) ...

Optimization and Utilization of Agrobacterium-mediated Transient Protein Production in Nicotiana

Optimization and Utilization of Agrobacterium-mediated Transient Protein Production in Nicotiana

Optimering og udnyttelse af<em&gt; Agrobacterium</em&gt;-Medieret Forbigående Protein Produktion i<em&gt; Nicotiana</em

Agrobacterium-mediated transient protein production in plants is a promising approach to produce vaccine antigens and therapeutic proteins within a short ...

Transient Expression of Proteins by Hydrodynamic Gene Delivery in Mice

Forbigående ekspression af proteiner ved Hydrodynamisk Gene Delivery i mus

Efficient expression of transgenes in vivo is of critical importance in studying gene function and developing treatments for diseases. Over the past ...

In Vivo 4-Dimensional Tracking of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adult Mouse Calvarial Bone Marrow

In Vivo 4-Dimensional Tracking of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adult Mouse Calvarial Bone Marrow

In Vivo 4-Dimensional sporing af hæmatopoietisk stamcelletransplantation og stamcelle i Voksen Mouse calvarie knoglemarv

Through a delicate balance between quiescence and proliferation, self renewal and production of differentiated progeny, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) ...

Production of Haploid Zebrafish Embryos by In Vitro Fertilization

Production of Haploid Zebrafish Embryos by In Vitro Fertilization

Produktion af haploide zebrafisk embryoner<em&gt; In Vitro</em&gt; Befrugtning

The zebrafish has become a mainstream vertebrate model that is relevant for many disciplines of scientific study. Zebrafish are especially well suited for ...

High Yield Expression of Recombinant Human Proteins with the Transient Transfection of HEK293 Cells in Suspension

High Yield Ekspression af rekombinant human Proteiner med transient transfektion af HEK293-celler i suspension

The art of producing recombinant proteins with complex post-translational modifications represents a major challenge for studies of structure and ...

Transient Expression and Cellular Localization of Recombinant Proteins in Cultured Insect Cells

Transient ekspression og Cellulær Lokalisering af rekombinante proteiner i dyrkede insektceller

Heterologous protein expression systems are used for the production of recombinant proteins, the interpretation of cellular trafficking/localization, and ...

Scalable Transfection of Maize Mesophyll Protoplasts

Skalerbar transfektion af majsmesofylprotoplaster

The transfection of maize mesophyll cells often involves digesting the plant cell walls to create protoplasts and then inserting DNA via electroporation ...

Studying Protein Expression During Chicken Lens Development

Microinjection of Recombinant RCAS(A) Retrovirus into Embryonic Chicken Lens

Investigating Lens Development and Function Through Microinjection of RCAS(A) Retrovirus in Embryonic Chicken Lens (Video) | JoVE

Mikroinjektion af rekombinant RCAS(A)-retrovirus i embryonal kyllingelinse

Embryonic chicken (Gallus domesticus) is a well-established animal model for the study of lens development and physiology, given its high degree of ...