Name: xenopus oocytes: optimized methods for microinjection, removal of follicular cell layers, and fast solution changes in electrophysiological experiments
Uploaded: 2016-12-31T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Xenopus Oocytes: Optimized Methods for Microinjection, Removal of Follicular Cell Layers, and Fast Solution Changes in Electrophysiological Experiments at JoV

This work was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation grant 315230_156929/1. M.C.M. is a recipient of a fellowship (Beca Chile Postdoctorado from CONICYT, Ministerio de Educacion, Chile).

Dierproeven zijn goedgekeurd door de plaatselijke commissie van het kanton Bern Kantonstierarzt, Kantonaler Veterinärdienst Bern (BE85 / 15). 1. Bereiding van Xenopus Eicellen <ol><li> Handhaven kikkers (Xenopus laevis) op een 12 uur / 12 uur licht / donkercyclus in water die strikt bij 20 ° C wordt gehouden. </li><li> Verwijder de lobben van de eierstokken van vrouwelijke kikkers 9. Opmerking: Het verwijderen van de lobben is een stimulans voor regene...

<ol>
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De in dit artikel beschreven methoden afwijken van die van oudsher 7-9 gebruikt. Standaard worden de lobben van de eierstok blootstellen aan een 1-2 uur collagenase behandeling 8; isoleren onbeschadigd, ontdaan eicellen; en injecteren mRNA met gebruik van commerciële injecteerinrichtingen. Deze klassieke werkwijze heeft de volgende nadelen: 1) Eicellen waarschijnlijk beschadigd door langdurige blootstelling aan hoge concentraties collagenase. 2) De onstabiele blootgelegde oöcyten worden opgeslage...

Xenopus oöcyten worden veel gebruikt als een expressiesysteem (referenties 2-3, en referenties daarin). Ze kunnen goed assembleren en op te nemen functioneel actief multisubunit eiwitten in de plasmamembranen. Met dit systeem is het mogelijk om functioneel onderzoek membraaneiwitten alleen of in combinatie met andere proteïnen, teneinde de eigenschappen van gemuteerde chimere of aaneengeschakelde proteïnen, en potentiële geneesmiddelen te screenen. Voordelen van oöcyten opzichte van andere heterologe expressiesystemen omvatten de eenvoudige bediening van de reuscellen, het hoge aandeel van cellen die vreemde genetische informatie, de eenvoudige besturing van de van eicel middels bad perfusie en de controle van de membraanpotentiaal . Het nadeel van dit expressiesysteem is de seizoensgebonden variatie waargenomen in veel laboratoria 17-20. De reden voor deze variatieis verre van duidelijk. Bovendien wordt de kwaliteit van de oöcyten waargenomen vaak sterk variëren. Traditionele methoden 7-9 hebben de isolatie van eierstok lobben, de blootstelling van eierstok kwabben om collagenase voor een aantal uur, de selectie van de blootgelegde eicellen en de eicel micro-injectie opgenomen. Hier wordt een aantal alternatieve, snelle procedures gerapporteerd die konden we met dit expressiesysteem meer dan 30 jaar zonder seizoensgebonden variatie en weinig variatie in kwaliteit van de oöcyten. De gewijzigde en verbeterde werkwijzen beschreven voor het isoleren van oöcyten, micro-injectie met cRNA en verwijdering van folliculaire lagen kunnen worden gebruikt voor de expressie van een eiwit van keuze in het Xenopus oöcyt. De eenvoudige werkwijze voor snelle oplossing verandert van het medium rond de eicel kan worden toegepast op de studie van elke ligand-gated ionkanaal en dragers.

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xenopus oocytes: optimized methods for microinjection, removal of follicular cell layers, and fast solution changes in electrophysiological experiments

De Xenopus oöcyt als een heteroloog expressiesysteem voor eiwitten, werd eerst beschreven door Gurdon et al. 1 en is op grote schaal gebruikt sinds zijn ontdekking (referenties 2-3, en referenties daarin). Een kenmerk dat de eicel aantrekkelijk voor buitenlandse kanaal expressie maakt is de slechte overvloed van endogene ionkanalen 4. Het expressiesysteem is nuttig voor het karakteriseren van verschillende proteïnen, waaronder ligand-gated ionkanalen bewezen. De expressie van GABAA-receptoren in Xenopus oocyten en hun functionele karakterisatie wordt beschreven, inclusief isolatie oöcyten, micro-injecties met cRNA, de verwijdering van folliculaire cellagen en snelle oplossing veranderingen in elektrofysiologische experimenten. De procedures werden geoptimaliseerd in dit laboratorium 5,6 en afwijken van die welke routinematig gebruikt 7-9. Traditioneel worden ontdaan oöcyten bereidmet een verlengde collagenase behandeling van ovarium lobben bij kamertemperatuur en deze blootgelegde oöcyten gemicroinjecteerd met mRNA. Met de geoptimaliseerde methoden hebben verschillende membraaneiwitten tot expressie gebracht en onderzocht met dit systeem, zoals recombinante GABA A-receptoren 10-12, menselijk recombinant chloride kanalen 13, Trypanosoom kaliumkanalen 14 en een myo-inositol transporter 15, 16. De hier beschreven werkwijzen kunnen worden toegepast voor de expressie van een eiwit van keuze in Xenopus oöcyten, en de snelle verandering oplossing kan worden gebruikt om andere ligand-gated ionkanalen bestuderen.

Xenopus oocyten werden mechanisch aangeduid met een platina lus (figuur 1). De eicellen werden gemicroinjecteerd met mRNA coderend voor de GABAA-receptor subunits a4, p 2, δ, 0,5: 0,5: 2,5 fmol / eicel (figuur 2). Na 4 d, werden folliculaire cel lagen verwijderd (figuur 3). Oöcyten spanning geklemd bij -80 mV en blootgesteld aan toenemende concentraties van γ-aminoboterzuur (GABA) in aanwezigh...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Xenopus Oocytes: Optimized Methods for Microinjection, Removal of Follicular Cell Layers, and Fast Solution Changes in Electrophysiological Experiments at JoV

Xenopus Oocytes: Optimized Methods for Microinjection, Removal of Follicular Cell Layers, and Fast Solution Changes in Electrophysiological Experiments

Optimized procedures for the isolation of single follicles, cytoplasmic RNA microinjections, the removal of surrounding cell layers, and protein expression in Xenopus oocytes are described. In addition, a simple method for fast solution changes in electrophysiological experiments with ligand-gated ion channels is presented.

Xenopus Eicellen: Geoptimaliseerd Methoden voor Micro-injectie, Verwijdering van folliculaire Lagen en Fast Solution Veranderingen in elektrofysiologische experimenten

The Xenopus oocyte as a heterologous expression system for proteins, was first described by Gurdon et al.1 and has been widely used since its discovery ...

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Xenopus Oocytes: Optimized Methods for Microinjection, Removal of Follicular Cell Layers, and Fast Solution Changes in Electrophysiological Experiments

Patch Clamp Recording of Ion Channels Expressed in  Xenopus Oocytes

Patch Clamp Opname van ionenkanalen Uitgedrukt in Xenopus Eicellen

Since its development by Sakmann and Neher 1, 2, the patch clamp has become established as an extremely useful technique for electrophysiological ...

Single Molecule Methods for Monitoring Changes in Bilayer Elastic Properties

Single Molecule methoden voor monitoring van veranderingen in bilaag elastische eigenschappen

Membrane protein function is regulated by the cell membrane lipid composition.  This regulation is due to a combination of specific lipid-protein ...

Microinjection of Xenopus Laevis Oocytes

Micro-injectie van de Xenopus laevis Eicellen

Microinjection of Xenopus laevis oocytes followed by thin-sectioning electron microscopy (EM) is an excellent system for studying nucleocytoplasmic ...

Electrophysiological Methods for Recording Synaptic Potentials from the NMJ of Drosophila Larvae

Elektrofysiologische methoden voor opname Synaptic Potentials van de NMJ van Drosophila Larven

In this video, we describe the electrophysiological methods for recording synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) of Drosophila larva. ...

Visualizing RNA Localization in Xenopus Oocytes

Visualizing RNA Localization in Xenopus Oocytes

Het visualiseren van RNA Lokalisatie in Xenopus Eicellen

RNA localization is a conserved mechanism of establishing cell polarity.  Vg1 mRNA localizes to the vegetal pole of Xenopus laevis oocytes and acts to ...

Fertilization of Xenopus oocytes using the Host Transfer Method

Fertilization of Xenopus oocytes using the Host Transfer Method

Bemesting van Xenopus oöcyten Het gebruik van de Host Transfer Methode

Studying the contribution of maternally inherited molecules to vertebrate early development is often hampered by the time and expense necessary to ...

Patch Clamp and Perfusion Techniques for Studying Ion Channels Expressed in Xenopus oocytes

Patch Clamp and Perfusion Techniques for Studying Ion Channels Expressed in Xenopus oocytes

Patch Clamp en perfusie technieken voor het bestuderen van Ion Channels Uitgedrukt in Xenopus Eicellen

The protocol presented here is designed to study the activation of the large conductance, voltage- and Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channels. The protocol may ...

Activation of Apoptosis by Cytoplasmic Microinjection of Cytochrome c

Activation of Apoptosis by Cytoplasmic Microinjection of Cytochrome c

Activering van apoptose door Cytoplasmatische micro-injectie van Cytochroom C</em

Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a conserved and highly regulated pathway by which cells die1.  Apoptosis can be triggered when cells encounter a ...

Optimized Staining and Proliferation Modeling Methods for Cell Division Monitoring using Cell Tracking Dyes

Geoptimaliseerd kleuring en proliferatie Modeling Methoden voor de celdeling Monitoring met behulp van Cell Tracking Kleurstoffen

Fluorescent cell tracking dyes, in combination with flow and image cytometry, are powerful tools with which to study the interactions and fates of ...

Yeast Luminometric and Xenopus Oocyte Electrophysiological Examinations of the Molecular Mechanosensitivity of TRPV4

Yeast Luminometric and Xenopus Oocyte Electrophysiological Examinations of the Molecular Mechanosensitivity of TRPV4

Gist luminometrische en<em&gt; Xenopus</em&gt; Eicel Elektrofysiologische Examens van de Moleculaire mechanische gevoeligheid van TRPV4

TRPV4 (Transient Receptor Potentials, vanilloid family, type 4) is widely expressed in vertebrate tissues and is activated by several stimuli, including ...