Name: xenopus oocytes: optimized methods for microinjection, removal of follicular cell layers, and fast solution changes in electrophysiological experiments
Uploaded: 2016-12-31T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Xenopus Oocytes: Optimized Methods for Microinjection, Removal of Follicular Cell Layers, and Fast Solution Changes in Electrophysiological Experiments at JoV

This work was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation grant 315230_156929/1. M.C.M. is a recipient of a fellowship (Beca Chile Postdoctorado from CONICYT, Ministerio de Educacion, Chile).

動物実験は、ベルン州Kantonstierarztの地方委員会、KantonalerVeterinärdienstベルン（BE85 / 15）によって承認されています。 アフリカツメガエル卵母細胞の調製<ol><li>厳密に20°Cに維持され、水に12時間/ 12時間の明/暗サイクルでカエル（ アフリカツメガエル）を維持します 。 </li><li>女性のカエル9から卵巣のローブを削除します。 注：ローブの...

<ol>
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この資料に記載された方法は、伝統的に7-9使用されるものから外れます。 1〜2時間コラゲナーゼ処理8に卵巣のローブを露出するための規格です。損傷を受けていない、裸に卵母細胞を分離します。およびmRNAは、市販の注入装置を使用してそれらを注入します。卵母細胞は、コラゲナーゼの高濃度に長時間暴露によって損傷される可能性が高い1）：これは古典的な手順は以下...

アフリカツメガエル卵母細胞は、広く（ - 3、およびその中の参考文献参考文献2）発現系として使用されます。彼らは、適切に組み立て、それらの形質膜に機能的に活性な多サブユニットタンパク質を組み込むことができます。このシステムを使用して、機能的に変異した、キメラ、または連結されたタンパク質の特性を研究するため、および潜在的な薬物をスクリーニングするために、単独で、または他のタンパク質と組み合わせて膜タンパク質を調査することが可能です。 他の異種発現システムより卵母細胞を使用する利点は、巨細胞の簡単な取り扱い、外来遺伝情報を発現する細胞の高い割合、浴灌流によって、卵母細胞の環境の簡単な制御、および膜電位の制御を含みます。 この発現系の欠点は、多くの研究室17〜20において観察された季節変動です。この変化の理由明確にはほど遠いです。さらに、卵母細胞の質は、多くの場合、強く変化することが観察されます。伝統的な方法7-9は卵巣ローブの分離、いくつかの時間のためのコラゲナーゼに卵巣ローブの露出、裸に卵母細胞の選択、および卵母細胞のマイクロインジェクションが含まれています。ここで、代替、高速手順の数は、私たちは、卵母細胞の品質の無い季節変動や変化の少ない、30年以上にわたってこの発現システムで動作することが許可されていることが報告されています。 改変及び改良された卵母細胞の単離のためにここに記載された方法、cRNAをマイクロインジェクションし、及び濾胞細胞層の除去は、 アフリカツメガエル卵母細胞における選択の任意のタンパク質の発現のために使用することができます。卵母細胞の周囲の培地の高速解の変化のための非常に簡単な方法は、任意のリガンド依存性イオンチャネルのキャリアの研究に適用することができます。

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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:663px;">NaCl</td>
			<td style="width:240px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">71380</td>
			<td style="width:428px;"></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">KCl</td>
			<td style="width:240px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">P-9541</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">NaHCO3</td>
			<td style="width:240px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">S6014</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">MgSO4&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:240px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">M-1880</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:663px;">CaCl2&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:240px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">223560</td>
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			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:663px;">Ca(NO3)2&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:240px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">C1396</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:663px;">HEPES</td>
			<td style="width:240px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">H3375</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:663px;">Penicilin/streptomycin</td>
			<td style="width:240px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">15140-148</td>
			<td>100 &#956;g penicillin/ml and 100 &#956;g streptomycin/ml</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:663px;">Platinum wire loop</td>
			<td style="width:240px;">home-made</td>
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			<td style="width:240px;">Hamilton</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">80300</td>
			<td>10 &#956;l, Type 701N</td>
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			<td style="width:240px;">Labmarket GmBH</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td>1.0 mm OD&#160;</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:663px;">Paraffin oil</td>
			<td style="width:240px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">18512</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:663px;">Nylon net, gauge 0.8 mm&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:240px;">ZBF Z&#252;richer Beuteltuchfabrik AG</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:663px;">Borosilicate glass tube&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:240px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">99445-12</td>
			<td>PYREX</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:663px;">Collagenase NB Standard Grade</td>
			<td style="width:240px;">SERVA</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">17454</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Trypsin inhibitor type I-S</td>
			<td style="width:240px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">T-9003</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:663px;">EGTA</td>
			<td style="width:240px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">E3389</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:663px;">Glass capillary</td>
			<td style="width:240px;">Jencons (Scientific ) LTD.</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">H15/10</td>
			<td>1.35 ID mm (for perfusion), alternative company: Harvard Apparatus Limited</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Borosilicate glass capillary</td>
			<td style="width:240px;">Harvard Apparatus Limited</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">30-0019</td>
			<td>1.0 OD X&#160; 0.58 ID X 100 Length mm (for microinjection)&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Borosilicate glass capillary&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:240px;">Harvard Apparatus Limited</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">30-0044</td>
			<td>1.2 OD X 0.69 ID X 100 Length mm (for two-electrode voltage clamp)</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:663px;">&#947;-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)</td>
			<td style="width:240px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">A2129</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:663px;">3&#945;,21-Dihydroxy-5&#945;-pregnan-20-one (THDOC)</td>
			<td style="width:240px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">P2016</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:663px;">grill motor</td>
			<td style="width:240px;">Faulhaber&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td>DC micromotor Type 2230 with gear Type 22/2</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:663px;">micrometer screw</td>
			<td style="width:240px;">Kiener-Wittlin</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">10400</td>
			<td>TESA, AR 02.11201</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:663px;">Sterile plastic transfer pipettes</td>
			<td style="width:240px;">Saint-Amand&#160; Mfg.</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">222-20S</td>
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	</tbody>
</table>

xenopus oocytes: optimized methods for microinjection, removal of follicular cell layers, and fast solution changes in electrophysiological experiments

タンパク質の異種発現系としてアフリカツメガエル卵母細胞は、第一のガードンらによって記載されました。 1、広くその発見以来使用されている（文献2から3、およびその中の参考文献）。外国のチャンネル発現のための卵母細胞は、魅力的な特徴は、内因性イオンチャネル4の貧しい豊富です。この発現系は、それらのリガンド依存性イオンチャネルの中で、多くのタンパク質の特徴付けのために有用であることが証明されました。 アフリカツメガエル卵母細胞におけるGABA A受容体の発現およびそれらの機能的特徴付けは、卵母細胞、cRNAを、濾胞細胞層を除去しながら、微量注入、および電気生理学的実験で高速なソリューションの変化の分離を含め、ここに記載されています。手順は、この研究室5,6で最適化し、日常的に7-9を使用したものから逸脱しました。伝統的に、露出した卵母細胞を調製しますRTで卵巣ローブの長期のコラゲナーゼ処理、およびこれらの裸化卵母細胞にmRNAをマイクロインジェクションしています。最適化された方法を使用して、多様な膜タンパク質が発現されており、そのような組換えGABA A受容体10-12、ヒト組換えクロライドチャネル13、トリパノソーマカリウムチャネル14、及びミオの -イノシトールトランス15、16のように、このシステムを研究しました。 ここに詳述した方法は、 アフリカツメガエル卵母細胞における選択の任意のタンパク質の発現に適用することができ、迅速な溶液交換は、他のリガンド依存性イオンチャネルを研究するために使用することができます。

アフリカツメガエル卵母細胞は、機械的に白金耳（ 図1）を使用して選び出しました。 0.5：2.5のfmol /卵母細胞（ 図2）卵母細胞は、mRNAは、受容体サブユニットは4、β2、δ、0.5をαGABAをコードをマイクロインジェクションしました。 4日後、卵胞細胞層（ 図3）を除去しました。電圧は、卵母細胞を-80mVでク?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Xenopus Oocytes: Optimized Methods for Microinjection, Removal of Follicular Cell Layers, and Fast Solution Changes in Electrophysiological Experiments at JoV

Xenopus Oocytes: Optimized Methods for Microinjection, Removal of Follicular Cell Layers, and Fast Solution Changes in Electrophysiological Experiments

Optimized procedures for the isolation of single follicles, cytoplasmic RNA microinjections, the removal of surrounding cell layers, and protein expression in Xenopus oocytes are described. In addition, a simple method for fast solution changes in electrophysiological experiments with ligand-gated ion channels is presented.

アフリカツメガエル卵母細胞：マイクロインジェクションのために最適化された方法、濾胞細胞層の除去、および電気生理学的実験における高速解法の変更

The Xenopus oocyte as a heterologous expression system for proteins, was first described by Gurdon et al.1 and has been widely used since its discovery ...

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Xenopus Oocytes: Optimized Methods for Microinjection, Removal of Follicular Cell Layers, and Fast Solution Changes in Electrophysiological Experiments

Patch Clamp Recording of Ion Channels Expressed in  Xenopus Oocytes

アフリカツメガエルの卵母細胞で発現イオンチャネルのパッチクランプ記録

Since its development by Sakmann and Neher 1, 2, the patch clamp has become established as an extremely useful technique for electrophysiological ...

Single Molecule Methods for Monitoring Changes in Bilayer Elastic Properties

二層弾性特性の変化をモニタリングするための単一分子法

Membrane protein function is regulated by the cell membrane lipid composition.  This regulation is due to a combination of specific lipid-protein ...

Microinjection of Xenopus Laevis Oocytes

アフリカツメガエル卵母細胞のマイクロインジェクション

Microinjection of Xenopus laevis oocytes followed by thin-sectioning electron microscopy (EM) is an excellent system for studying nucleocytoplasmic ...

Electrophysiological Methods for Recording Synaptic Potentials from the NMJ of Drosophila Larvae

ショウジョウバエの幼虫のNMJからシナプス電位を記録するための電気生理学的方法

In this video, we describe the electrophysiological methods for recording synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) of Drosophila larva. ...

Visualizing RNA Localization in Xenopus Oocytes

Visualizing RNA Localization in Xenopus Oocytes

可視化RNAの局在にアフリカツメガエル卵母細胞

RNA localization is a conserved mechanism of establishing cell polarity.  Vg1 mRNA localizes to the vegetal pole of Xenopus laevis oocytes and acts to ...

Fertilization of Xenopus oocytes using the Host Transfer Method

Fertilization of Xenopus oocytes using the Host Transfer Method

の受精アフリカツメガエル卵母細胞ホストの転送方式を使用して

Studying the contribution of maternally inherited molecules to vertebrate early development is often hampered by the time and expense necessary to ...

Patch Clamp and Perfusion Techniques for Studying Ion Channels Expressed in Xenopus oocytes

Patch Clamp and Perfusion Techniques for Studying Ion Channels Expressed in Xenopus oocytes

イオンチャネル研究のためのパッチクランプおよび灌流のテクニックで表さアフリカツメガエル卵母細胞

The protocol presented here is designed to study the activation of the large conductance, voltage- and Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channels. The protocol may ...

Activation of Apoptosis by Cytoplasmic Microinjection of Cytochrome c

Activation of Apoptosis by Cytoplasmic Microinjection of Cytochrome c

シトクロムの細胞質マイクロインジェクションによるアポトーシスの活性化 C</em

Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a conserved and highly regulated pathway by which cells die1.  Apoptosis can be triggered when cells encounter a ...

Optimized Staining and Proliferation Modeling Methods for Cell Division Monitoring using Cell Tracking Dyes

細胞トラッキング染料を使用して細胞分裂監視のための最適化された染色と増殖モデリング方法

Fluorescent cell tracking dyes, in combination with flow and image cytometry, are powerful tools with which to study the interactions and fates of ...

Yeast Luminometric and Xenopus Oocyte Electrophysiological Examinations of the Molecular Mechanosensitivity of TRPV4

Yeast Luminometric and Xenopus Oocyte Electrophysiological Examinations of the Molecular Mechanosensitivity of TRPV4

酵母発光測定と<em&gt;アフリカツメガエル</emTRPV4の分子機械的感受性の&gt;卵母細胞電気生理学的検定試験

TRPV4 (Transient Receptor Potentials, vanilloid family, type 4) is widely expressed in vertebrate tissues and is activated by several stimuli, including ...