Name: green and low-cost production of thermally stable and carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals and nanofibrils using highly recyclable dicarboxylic acids
Uploaded: 2017-01-09T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Green and Low-cost Production of Thermally Stable and Carboxylated Cellulose Nanocrystals and Nanofibrils Using Highly Recyclable Dicarboxylic Acids at JoVE.c

这项工作是卞的同时，陈，王均博士来访进行学生在美国林务局，林产品实验室（FPL），麦迪逊，并在朱的政府官方时间。这项工作是部分由美国农业部农业和食品研究计划（AFRI）竞争性赠款（2011-67009-20056号），中国国家林业局（项目编号：2015-4-54），国家自然科学基金资助中国（项目编号：31470599），中国广州精英项目，以及中国奖学基金。从这些项目的资金在FPL可能做边，陈，王来访的任命。

注意：漂白桉木浆（BEP），并从商业渠道漂白混合阔叶牛皮浆（UMHP）纤维作为原料用于生产CNC和CNF。购买的商业马来酸被用于水解。水解条件为：60重量％的酸浓度，在100℃进行60分钟和120分钟120℃（在大气压下没有沸点），对BEP和UMHP分别。 1.浓二元酸溶液的制备<ol><li>热40毫升在加热板上于约85℃的液体甘油浴去离子在多颈烧瓶（DI）水。 </li><li>添加60克无水马来酸到烧瓶?...

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从马来酸水解数控样品的较厚数控直径导致了中等平均纵横比7.24和8.53，对于CNC控制器从分别的BEP和UMHP，尽管它们的长的长度，如上所述。所述的CNFs具有比各自的CNC较长的长度和更薄的直径，这就造成了13.9和19.0纵横比大，为的CNC从分别的BEP和UMHP，都大得多。它可以使用剧烈的机械原纤化，以减少CNF直径来提高宽高比如在本研究中微流化所用的压力是相当低的。 木质素颗粒?...

经济的可持续发展，不仅需要使用的是可再生和可生物降解原料，但也使用绿色环保的制造技术，生产出各种从这些可再生原料的生物制品和生化的。纤维素纳米材料，如纤维素纳米晶体（CNC）和纤维素纳米原纤维（CNF），从可再生的木质纤维素生产可生物降解的和具有适于显影的范围内的生物制品1,2的独特的机械和光学性能。不幸的是，用于制造纤维素纳米材料的现有技术或者是能量密集型的使用纯机械开纤或环境不可持续由于非回收或处理的化学品，回收不足时，例如使用浓无机酸水解过程3-8或氧化方法9-当如11。此外，氧化的方法也可以产生对环境有毒的COMPO与木质纤维素反应unds。因此，发展绿色制造技术用于生产纤维素纳米材料是非常重要的，充分利用丰富的和可再生的材料 - 木质纤维素。 用酸水解，溶解半纤维素和解聚纤维素是用于制造纤维素纳米材料的有效途径。固体酸已被用于糖产量从纤维素与缓和酸回收12,13的优点。用浓无机酸以前的研究表明，低级酸浓度提高数控收率和结晶3,5。这表明，强酸可能损坏纤维素结晶而温和的酸水解可能是通过综合生产和数控与CNF 3,14的办法提高了性能和纤维素纳米材料的产量。在这里，我们使用浓度固体二元酸水解全国生产记录的方法ËCNC与CNF 15一起。这些二羧酸具有在低温或环境温度下的溶解度低，因此，它们可通过成熟结晶技术很容易地回收。它们也具有在高温下便于浓酸水解未经煮沸或使用压力容器良好的溶解性。因为这些酸也有较高的pKa比用于数控生产典型的无机酸，它们的使用效果良好的数控结晶度，尽管低级数控产率，与纤维状的纤维素固体残余物的显着量（FCSR或部分水解的纤维）剩余由于不完整的纤维素解聚。该FCSR可使用低能量输入，通过后续的机械开纤生产CNF。因此，与使用无机酸纤维素损失为糖是最小的。 它公知的是羧酸可以通过费- Speier酯化16酯化纤维素。施加二羧酸与纤维素可导致半酸未交联的酯17（或羧化），以产生羧基化CNC和CNF为我们证实15先前。这里介绍的方法可以产生羧基和热稳定CNF和数控，这也是无论从漂白或未漂白纸浆高度结晶，同时具有相对简单和高化学品回收和使用低能源投入。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1222">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:349px;">Bleached eucalypus pulp&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:327px;">Aracruz Cellulose</td>
			<td style="width:248px;"></td>
			<td style="width:299px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:349px;">Unbleached mixed hardwood kraft pulp&#160;</td>
			<td>International Paper&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:27px;">Maleic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M0375-1KG/CAS110-16-7</td>
			<td style="width:299px;">Powder; assay: 99.0%(HPLC)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Glycerol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>G5516-4L/CAS56-81-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="37">
			<td height="37" style="height:38px;">Sodium hydroxide</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:248px;">S318-500/CAS1310-73-2, 497-19-8</td>
			<td>Certified ACS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:25px;">Sodium chloride</td>
			<td>Mallinckrodt</td>
			<td>7581-12/CAS7647-14-5</td>
			<td>Crystal,AR</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:42px;">Cupriethylenediamine solution</td>
			<td>GFS Chemicals</td>
			<td>E32103-1L/CAS14552-35-3</td>
			<td style="width:299px;">1M, for determination of solution viscosity of pulps</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:25px;">Acetone</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>A18-500/CAS67-64-1</td>
			<td>Certified ACS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Accu-TestTM Vials for COD Testing</td>
			<td>Bioscience,Inc.</td>
			<td>01-215-28</td>
			<td style="width:299px;">COD testing for 20 to 900mg/L standard range concentration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">Heating plate</td>
			<td>IKA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Mode: C-MAD HS7 digital</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="29">
			<td height="29" style="height:30px;">Magnetic stir bar</td>
			<td>ACE Glass</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="29">
			<td height="29" style="height:30px;">Pyrex three-neck round-bottom flask</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>CLS4965B500-1EA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="38">
			<td height="38" style="height:39px;">Dialysis tubing cellulose membrane</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>D9402-100FT</td>
			<td style="width:299px;">Typical molecular weight cut-off = 14000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:23px;">Disposable aluminum dishes</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>Z154857-1PAK</td>
			<td>Circles, 60mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Disintegrator</td>
			<td>Testing Machines Inc.(TMI)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td style="width:299px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Microfluidizer</td>
			<td>Microfluidics Corporation</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Sonicator</td>
			<td>Qsonica LLC.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Mode: 3510R-MT, 50-60 Hz,180 W</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Zeta potential analyzer</td>
			<td>Brookhaven Instruments Corporation</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">FTIR</td>
			<td>PerkinElmer</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Conductometric titrator</td>
			<td>Yellow Springs Instrument (YSI)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">TGA analyzer</td>
			<td>PerkinElmer</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">X-ray diffractometer</td>
			<td>Bruker Corporation</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">AFM imging&#160;</td>
			<td>AFM Workshop</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">SEM imaging</td>
			<td>Carl Zeiss</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

green and low-cost production of thermally stable and carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals and nanofibrils using highly recyclable dicarboxylic acids

这里，我们证明成本潜在的低使用高度可回收的二固体酸的漂白桉木浆（BEP）和未漂白混合阔叶牛皮浆（UMHP）纤维高的热稳定性和羧基化纤维素纳米晶（CNC控制器）和纳米原纤维（CNF）的绿色生产。典型的操作条件为50的酸浓度 - 70％（重量）在100℃下60分钟和120分钟120℃（在大气压下没有沸点），对BEP和UMHP分别。所得的CNC具有较高的热降解温度比其相应的原料纤维和羧酸基含量为0.2 - 0.4毫摩尔/克。低强度（1.0高pKa值 - 3.0）有机酸也导致约为239两种长度更长的CNC - 336纳米和更高的结晶度比使用的CNC无机酸产生的。纤维素损失糖是最小的。从二羧酸水解纤维状的纤维素固体残余物（FCSR）被用来通过与低能量输入随后的机械颤动产生羧基化的CNFs。

与进料酸水解纤维对应SEM图像沿着从BEP和UMHP CNC和CNF的典型的AFM图像示于图1和2。该图像清楚地表明在纤维长度的大幅度减少通过酸水解，在纤维直径变化最小（ 图1a与1b中的比较，以及图2a与2b）的 。缩短的纤维长度也被聚合的水解纤维的测量纤维素度（DP）的反射。 DP分别降低从1021和806至319和342，对于BEP和UMHP。与典型?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Green and Low-cost Production of Thermally Stable and Carboxylated Cellulose Nanocrystals and Nanofibrils Using Highly Recyclable Dicarboxylic Acids at JoVE.c

Green and Low-cost Production of Thermally Stable and Carboxylated Cellulose Nanocrystals and Nanofibrils Using Highly Recyclable Dicarboxylic Acids

在这里，我们证明了使用高度可回收固体二羧酸高度热稳定的和羧化的纤维素纳米晶体（CNC）和纳米原纤维（CNF）的绿色和可持续的生产的新方法。

热稳定和羧基化纤维素纳米晶和纳米原纤维使用高度可回收的二元羧酸绿色和低成本生产

Here we demonstrate potentially low cost and green productions of high thermally stable and carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and nanofibrils ...

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A common screen for plant antimicrobial compounds consists of separating plant extracts by paper or thin-layer chromatography (PC or TLC), exposing the ...

Characterization, Quantification and Compound-specific Isotopic Analysis of Pyrogenic Carbon Using Benzene Polycarboxylic Acids (BPCA)

Characterization, Quantification and Compound-specific Isotopic Analysis of Pyrogenic Carbon Using Benzene Polycarboxylic Acids BPCA

表征，气相炭用苯聚羧酸的定量和特定化合物同位素分析（BPCA）

Fire-derived, pyrogenic carbon (PyC), sometimes called black carbon (BC), is the carbonaceous solid residue of biomass and fossil fuel combustion, such as ...

Preparation of Biopolymer Aerogels Using Green Solvents

生物聚合物气凝胶制备使用绿色溶剂

Although the first reports on aerogels made by Kistler1 in the 1930s dealt with aerogels from both inorganic oxides (silica and others) and biopolymers ...

Highly Stable, Functional Hairy Nanoparticles and Biopolymers from Wood Fibers: Towards Sustainable Nanotechnology

高稳定性，功能性毛纳米粒子和木纤维生物聚合物：迈向可持续纳米技术

Nanoparticles, as one of the key materials in nanotechnology and nanomedicine, have gained significant importance during the past decade. While ...

A Simple, Low-cost, and Robust System to Measure the Volume of Hydrogen Evolved by Chemical Reactions with Aqueous Solutions

一种简单，低成本和强大的系统来测量氢气与水溶液化学反应放出的音量

There is a growing research interest in the development of portable systems which can deliver hydrogen on-demand to proton exchange membrane (PEM) ...

Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Microgels

Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform PolyN-isopropylacrylamide Microgels

可控合成和高度统一聚荧光追踪（<em&gt;ñ</em&gt; -isopropylacrylamide）微凝胶

Stimuli-sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgels have various prospective practical applications and uses in fundamental research. In this ...