Name: tunable hydrogels from pulmonary extracellular matrix for 3d cell culture
Uploaded: 2017-01-17T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Tunable Hydrogels from Pulmonary Extracellular Matrix for 3D Cell Culture at JoVE.com

Wir möchten, dass Smithfield Farmen zu danken für die intakte Schweinelungengewebe zu spenden. Wir möchten auch Dr. Hu Yang, Dr. Christina Tang und die VCU Abteilung für Plastische Chirurgie für die Erlaubnis, zu nutzen, um ihre Ausrüstung zu danken. Hydrogele und Gewebeproben wurden für SEM bei der VCU Abteilung für Anatomie vorbereitet und Neurobiologie Mikroskopie Einrichtung unterstützt, teilweise durch die Finanzierung von NIH-NINDS-Center Core-Grants 5 P30 NS047463 und zum Teil durch Finanzierungsform NIH-NCI Cancer Center Support Grants P30 CA016059. REM-Aufnahmen von Proben, die bei der VCU Nanotechnologie Kern Charakterisierung Facility (NCC). Diese Arbeit wurde von der National Science Foundation, CMMI 1351162 finanziert.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always"><tbody><tr><td> Lösung </td><td> Sterile Filter </td><td> Richtungen </td></tr><tr><td> DiH 2 O </td><td> ja </td><td> DiH 2 O; steril filtriert </td></tr><tr><td> 0,1% Triton X-100-Lösung </td><td> ja </td><td> Unter Abzugshaube mit 100 &amp; mgr; l Triton-X 100 - Lösung auf 100 ml DiH 2 O und rühren , bis sie gelöst; Sterilfilter. </td></tr><tr><td> 2% Desoxyc...

<ol>
	<li>Lee, J., Cuddihy, M., Kotov, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Matrices: State of the Art. 14, (2008).</li><li>Haycock, J. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> 3D Cell Culture. , (2011).</li><li>Walker, J. M., Ed, <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Epithelial cell culture protocols. , (2012).</li><li>Badylak, S. F., Freytes, D. O., Gilbert, T. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extracellular+matrix+as+a+biological+scaffold+material:+Structure+and+function.">Extracellular matrix as a biological scaffold material: Structure and function.</a> Acta Biomater. 5 (1), 1-13 (2009).</li><li>Koo, H. -. J., Lim, K. -. H., Jung, H. -. J., Park, E. -. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anti-inflammatory+evaluation+of+gardenia+extract,+geniposide+and+genipin.">Anti-inflammatory evaluation of gardenia extract, geniposide and genipin.</a> J. Ethnopharmacol. 103 (3), 496-500 (2006).</li><li>Jeffords, M. E., Wu, J., Shah, M., Hong, Y., Zhang, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tailoring+Material+Properties+of+Cardiac+Matrix+Hydrogels+to+Induce+Endothelial+Differentiation+of+Human+Mesenchymal+Stem+Cells.">Tailoring Material Properties of Cardiac Matrix Hydrogels to Induce Endothelial Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells.</a> ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 7 (20), 11053-11061 (2015).</li><li>Suckow, M. A., Voytik-Harbin, S. L., Terril, L. A., Badylak, S. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enhanced+bone+regeneration+using+porcine+small+intestinal+submucosa.">Enhanced bone regeneration using porcine small intestinal submucosa.</a> J. Invest. Surg. 12 (5), 277-287 (1998).</li><li>Brown, B. N., Badylak, S. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extracellular+matrix+as+an+inductive+scaffold+for+functional+tissue+reconstruction.">Extracellular matrix as an inductive scaffold for functional tissue reconstruction.</a> Transl. Res. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 163 (4), 268-285 (2014).</li><li>Pouliot, R. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+and+characterization+of+a+naturally+derived+lung+extracellular+matrix+hydrogel.">Development and characterization of a naturally derived lung extracellular matrix hydrogel.</a> J.Biomed.Mater.Res.A. , (2016).</li><li>Price, A. P., England, K. A., Matson, A. M., Blazar, B. R., Panoskaltsis-Mortari, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+a+decellularized+lung+bioreactor+system+for+bioengineering+the+lung:+the+matrix+reloaded.">Development of a decellularized lung bioreactor system for bioengineering the lung: the matrix reloaded.</a> Tissue Eng. Part A. 16 (8), 2581-2591 (2010).</li><li>Freytes, D. O., Martin, J., Velankar, S. S., Lee, A. S., Badylak, S. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preparation+and+rheological+characterization+of+a+gel+form+of+the+porcine+urinary+bladder+matrix.">Preparation and rheological characterization of a gel form of the porcine urinary bladder matrix.</a> Biomaterials. 29 (11), 1630-1637 (2008).</li><li>Tilghman, R. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Matrix+rigidity+regulates+cancer+cell+growth+and+cellular+phenotype.">Matrix rigidity regulates cancer cell growth and cellular phenotype.</a> PloS One. 5 (9), e12905 (2010).</li><li>Ratner, B. D., Bryant, S. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biomaterials:+where+we+have+been+and+where+we+are+going.">Biomaterials: where we have been and where we are going.</a> Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 6, 41-75 (2004).</li><li>Fridman, R., Benton, G., Aranoutova, I., Kleinman, H. K., Bonfil, R. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Increased+initiation+and+growth+of+tumor+cell+lines,+cancer+stem+cells+and+biopsy+material+in+mice+using+basement+membrane+matrix+protein+(Cultrex+or+Matrigel)+co-injection.">Increased initiation and growth of tumor cell lines, cancer stem cells and biopsy material in mice using basement membrane matrix protein (Cultrex or Matrigel) co-injection.</a> Nat Protoc. 7 (6), 1138-1144 (2012).</li><li>Zhang, W. -. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+reconstruction+of+lung+alveolus-like+structure+in+collagen-matrigel/microcapsules+scaffolds+in+vitro.">The reconstruction of lung alveolus-like structure in collagen-matrigel/microcapsules scaffolds in vitro.</a> J. Cell. Mol. Med. 15 (9), 1878-1886 (2011).</li><li>Booth, A. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Acellular+Normal+and+Fibrotic+Human+Lung+Matrices+as+a+Culture+System+for+In+Vitro+Investigation.">Acellular Normal and Fibrotic Human Lung Matrices as a Culture System for In Vitro Investigation.</a> Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 186 (9), 866-876 (2016).</li><li>Matsuda, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evidence+for+human+lung+stem+cells.">Evidence for human lung stem cells.</a> N. Engl. J. Med. 364 (19), 1795-1806 (2011).</li><li>Zuo, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=p63+Krt5++distal+airway+stem+cells+are+essential+for+lung+regeneration.">p63+Krt5+ distal airway stem cells are essential for lung regeneration.</a> Nature. 517 (7536), 616-620 (2015).</li><li>Keane, T. J., Londono, R., Turner, N. J., Badylak, S. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Consequences+of+ineffective+decellularization+of+biologic+scaffolds+on+the+host+response.">Consequences of ineffective decellularization of biologic scaffolds on the host response.</a> Biomaterials. 33 (6), 1771-1781 (2012).</li><li>Neill, J. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Decellularization+of+human+and+porcine+lung+tissues+for+pulmonary+tissue+engineering.">Decellularization of human and porcine lung tissues for pulmonary tissue engineering.</a> Ann Thorac Surg. 96 (3), 1046-1055 (2013).</li></ol>

Einer der integralen Aspekte der Biologie ist die Selbstorganisation der Moleküle in hierarchischer Strukturen, die eine bestimmte Aufgabe auszuführen. 13 Im Labor Selbstorganisation hängt von zahlreichen Faktoren wie Salzkonzentration, pH, und die Verdauung Dauer. Wie gezeigt ist, selbstorganisierend Hydrogel bildet sich, wenn solubilisiert Proteine ​​Rückkehr zu einer physiologischen Temperatur. Das Hydrogel gebildet ist in der Lage zur Förderung der Zellanhaftung und Proliferation in vitro.</e...

Translating in vitro results to the clinic is one of the most challenging issues facing biomedical researchers. In vitro research on tissue culture plastic is easier, more convenient, and maintains high cell viability.1 This approach is a reasonable starting point, but the results have limited clinical translation. Increasingly, laboratories are incorporating three-dimensional constructs to replace the traditional two-dimensional methods. Reviews are available for many three-dimensional environments, from biological scaffolds to polymeric scaffolds.2,3
Biological frameworks can mimic characteristics of in vivo environments as they contain many of the protein and glycosaminoglycan components of the native matrix and provide familiar binding sites for cells to attach to and recognize. Extracellular matrix (ECM) derived materials have been shown to be capable scaffolds for cell attachment and proliferation.4 One challenge that limits the application of ECM hydrogel platforms stems from their inherently weak mechanical properties following gelation. Native tissue often has mechanical properties that are magnitudes higher than hydrogels. Non-toxic crosslinking agents can increase the mechanical properties of hydrogels to better mimic the native tissue environment. Genipin is a non-toxic, natural crosslinker derived from Gardenia plants with the ability to closely tailor mechanical properties of ECM with changes in genipin concentration5,6. 
Nearly all cells in the body exist in, and organize on, ECM that they either produce or maintain. New focus on the universal importance of ECM in the organization, condition, and function in every organ or system has sparked the production of matrix based platforms for in vitro investigation. Porcine small intestine submucosa is the most extensively studied naturally-derived scaffold, and it has been used to regenerate tendons, ligaments, skeletal muscle4, and even bone7. Matrices from other organs and donor species have also demonstrated good tissue regeneration potential. The use of foreign ECM components causes minimal issues with immunomodulation. After elimination of host cellular matter, the remaining ECM will be similar in amino acid content and organization to all other mammalian species8. There is a growing line of thinking that the best way to examine cell-ECM interactions in vitro is to utilize organ-specific ECM scaffolds. Each organ provides a unique composition of proteins and proteoglycans to create cellular niches. Niches provide structural, functional and even the enzymatic breakdown of the extracellular matrix contributing to biophysical signaling. To attain an in vitro microenvironment most similar to the in vivo microenvironment, use of tissue specific ECM would optimize the cellular niches for research. 
The goal of this protocol is to provide a method for establishing a hydrogel scaffold unique to the lung ECM. This method provides a platform for in vitro research on lung cell-ECM interactions.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="841">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Triton X-100&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BP151-100</td>
			<td style="width:371px;">Use in fume hood with eye protection and gloves.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Sodium Deoxycholate</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">D6750-100g</td>
			<td>Use with eye protection and gloves.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Magnesium Sulfate</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">M7506-500g</td>
			<td>None</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Calcium Chloride</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">C1016-500g</td>
			<td>None</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">DNase</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>D5025-150KU</td>
			<td>None</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">HCl</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>258148-500ML</td>
			<td>Use with eye protection and gloves.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Pepsin</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P6887-5G</td>
			<td>Use in fume hood with eye protection and gloves.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;">Sodium Hydroxide</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BP359-500</td>
			<td>Use with eye protection and gloves.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;">Genipin</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Wako Chemicals</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">078-03021</td>
			<td>Use in fume hood with eye protection and gloves.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">PBS 10x</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Quality Biological</td>
			<td>119-069-151</td>
			<td>None</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">PBS</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">VWR</td>
			<td>45000-448</td>
			<td>None</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Filter Paper</td>
			<td>Whatman</td>
			<td align="right">8519</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Hand pump</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>10-239-1</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Graduate Beaker</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">VitLab</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">445941</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Cryomill</td>
			<td>SPEX</td>
			<td>6700</td>
			<td>Use cryogloves and eye protection.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Lyophilizer</td>
			<td>FTS FlexiDry</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Use gloves.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Rheometer</td>
			<td>Discovery</td>
			<td>HR-2</td>
			<td>Use gloves and eye protection.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

tunable hydrogels from pulmonary extracellular matrix for 3d cell culture

Hier stellen wir ein Verfahren zur Mehrkomponenten - Zellkultur - Hydrogele für in - vitro - Lungen - Zellkultur zu etablieren. Beginnend mit gesunden en bloc Lungengewebe von Schweinen, Ratte oder Maus wird das Gewebe durchblutet und unter Wasser in nachfolgenden chemischen Reinigungsmittel , die Zelltrümmer zu entfernen. Histologische Vergleich des Gewebes vor und nach der Verarbeitung bestätigt Entfernung von mehr als 95% der Doppelstrang-DNA und alpha-Galactosidase-Färbung schlägt die Mehrheit der Zelltrümmer entfernt wird. Nach Dezellularisierung wird das Gewebe lyophilisiert und dann in ein Pulver cryomilled. Das Matrixpulver wird 48 h in einer sauren Pepsinverdau Lösung verdaut und dann die Pregel-Lösung neutralisiert zu bilden. Gelieren der Pregel Lösung kann durch Inkubation bei 37 ° C induziert werden und kann unmittelbar nach der Neutralisation oder bei 4 ° C gelagert werden für bis zu zwei Wochen. Beschichtungen können unter Verwendung der Vorgellösung auf einer nicht behandelten Platte für c gebildet werdenell Befestigung. Zellen können in dem Vorgel vor Selbstmontage ausgesetzt werden, um eine 3D-Kultur zu erreichen, die auf der Oberfläche eines geformten Gels plattiert, aus dem die Zellen durch das Stützgerüst migrieren können oder auf den Beschichtungen überzogen. Änderungen der Strategie vorgestellt kann Gelierungstemperatur, Stärke oder Protein Fragmentgrößen auswirken. Jenseits Hydrogelbildung kann das Hydrogel Steifigkeit erhöht werden Genipin verwenden.

Unter Verwendung dieses Verfahrens haben wir Hydrogele aus normalen Schwein, Ratte produziert und Mauslungen (Abbildung 1). Verarbeitet Lungen liefern schätzungsweise 5 mg, 40 mg und 10 g ECM-Pulver sind. Ein Überblick über das Verfahren ist in Abbildung 2 dargestellt. Key-Visualisierungen während des Prozesses sind: weißes Aussehen der Lunge nach deoxycholate Spülen; nach der Bildung Pregel sollte die Lösung opak sein, und die Lösung sollte für...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Tunable Hydrogels from Pulmonary Extracellular Matrix for 3D Cell Culture at JoVE.com

Tunable Hydrogels from Pulmonary Extracellular Matrix for 3D Cell Culture

Dies ist eine Methode, um eine 3-dimensionale Zellkultur Gerüst von pulmonaler extrazellulären Matrix zu schaffen. Intact Lunge in Hydrogelen verarbeitet, die das Wachstum von Zellen in drei Dimensionen zu unterstützen.

Tunable Hydrogele aus Pulmonary Extrazellulärmatrix für 3D-Zellkultur

Here we present a method for establishing multiple component cell culture hydrogels for in vitro lung cell culture. Beginning with healthy en bloc lung ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

Light-mediated Formation and Patterning of Hydrogels for Cell Culture Applications

Licht-vermittelte Bildung und Musterung von Hydrogelen für Zellkulturanwendungen

Click chemistries have been investigated for use in numerous biomaterials applications, including drug delivery, tissue engineering, and cell culture. In ...

Forschung

Biotechnik

Fabrication of Extracellular Matrix-derived Foams and Microcarriers as Tissue-specific Cell Culture and Delivery Platforms

Die Herstellung von extrazellulären Matrix-derived Foams und Mikroträgern als gewebespezifische Zellkultur und Delivery-Plattformen

Cell function is mediated by interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM), which has complex tissue-specific composition and architecture. The focus ...

Fabricating a Kidney Cortex Extracellular Matrix-Derived Hydrogel

Herstellung einer Niere Cortex extrazelluläre Matrix abgeleitet Hydrogel

Extracellular matrix (ECM) provides important biophysical and biochemical cues to maintain tissue homeostasis. Current synthetic hydrogels offer robust ...

Production of Extracellular Matrix Fibers via Sacrificial Hollow Fiber Membrane Cell Culture

Produktion von Fasern der extrazellulären Matrix über Opfer Hohlfaser-Membran Zellkultur

Engineered scaffolds derived from extracellular matrix (ECM) have driven significant interest in medicine for their potential in expediting wound closure ...

Measuring Global Cellular Matrix Metalloproteinase and Metabolic Activity in 3D Hydrogels

Messung der globalen zellulären Matrix Metalloproteinase und metabolische Aktivität in 3D Hydrogele

Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems often more closely recapitulate in vivo cellular responses and functions than traditional two-dimensional (2D) ...

Pancreatic Tissue-Derived Extracellular Matrix Bioink for Printing 3D Cell-Laden Pancreatic Tissue Constructs

Pankreasgewebe-abgeleitete extrazelluläre Matrix Bioink für den Druck 3D-Zell-Laden Pankreasgewebe Konstrukte

The transplantation of pancreatic islets is a promising treatment for patients who suffer from type 1 diabetes accompanied by hypoglycemia and secondary ...

A Human 3D Extracellular Matrix-Adipocyte Culture Model for Studying Matrix-Cell Metabolic Crosstalk

Ein menschliches 3D extrazelluläres Matrix-Adipozyten-Kulturmodell zum Studium der Matrix-Zell Metabolischen Crosstalk

The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a central role in regulating tissue homeostasis, engaging in crosstalk with cells and regulating multiple aspects of ...

Preparation of Tunable Extracellular Matrix Microenvironments to Evaluate Schwann Cell Phenotype Specification

Vorbereitung von tunable Extracellular Matrix Microenvironments zur Bewertung der Schwann Cell Phänotyp Specification

Traumatic peripheral nervous system (PNS) injuries currently lack suitable treatments to regain full functional recovery. Schwann cells (SCs), as the ...

Microgel-Extracellular Matrix Composite Support for the Embedded 3D Printing of Human Neural Constructs

Mikrogel-extrazelluläre Matrix-Komposit-Unterstützung für den eingebetteten 3D-Druck menschlicher neuronaler Konstrukte

The embedded 3D printing of cells inside a granular support medium has emerged in the past decade as a powerful approach for the freeform biofabrication ...

Phototunable Bioprinted Hydrogels to Probe Cellular Responses to ECM Stiffening

3D Bioprinting Phototunable Hydrogels to Study Fibroblast Activation

Understanding Chronic Lung Diseases Using 3D Printed Phototunable Hydrogels (Video) | JoVE

3D-Bioprinting von phototunbaren Hydrogelen zur Untersuchung der Fibroblastenaktivierung

Phototunable hydrogels can transform spatially and temporally in response to light exposure. Incorporating these types of biomaterials in cell-culture ...