Name: activating autophagy by aerobic exercise in mice
Uploaded: 2017-02-03T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Activating Autophagy by Aerobic Exercise in Mice at JoVE.com

We thank the Northwestern University Mouse Histology and Phenotyping Laboratoryfor technical support and assistance, and Noboru Mizushima (University of Tokyo) for providing GFP-LC3 transgenic mice. A. R. and C. H. were supported by the startup funds from Northwestern University and the grant from National Institutes of Health (DK094980).

Toutes les procédures impliquant des animaux ont été effectuées conformément aux lignes directrices approuvées par le Institutional soin et l&#39;utilisation des animaux Comité Northwestern University (IACUC). 1. Les modèles de souris <ol><li> Utilisez la souris 8-12 semaines d&#39;âge dans la formation d&#39;exercice. Pour détecter autophagy exercée induite in vivo en utilisant des souris transgéniques GFP-LC3 (C57BL / 6 de fond) pour des études d&#39;imagerie et C57BL / 6 pour des analy...

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L&#39;autophagie est un processus catabolique qui fournit de l&#39;énergie et réduit la cytotoxicité par la dégradation lysosomale des composants du cytoplasme ou organites endommagés. L&#39;étude de l&#39;autophagie est important de comprendre la régulation de l&#39;homéostasie cellulaire et les mécanismes de réponse au stress. De nouveaux modèles et méthodologies émergent dans le domaine de la recherche 15, pour étudier comment l&#39; autophagie altérée contribue à de nombreux ...

L&#39; autophagie est une voie de dégradation évolutivement conservée, qui est induite en réponse à diverses conditions de stress telles que la famine et de l&#39; hypoxie 1, 2. Pendant l&#39; autophagie, vésicules à double membrane, appelée autophagosomes, incorporer des composants subcellulaires inutiles ou endommagées et de les transporter dans les lysosomes de la dégradation 3. Autophagy basal est essentielle pour la fonction cellulaire et le développement de l&#39; organisme, et une altération autophagy de base est impliqué dans de nombreux troubles, y compris la neurodégénérescence, la tumorigenèse et le diabète de type 2 4, 5, 6. L&#39;autophagie inducteur physiologique le plus connu est la famine. Cependant, il a deux limitations majeures. Tout d&#39; abord, la faim prend une longue période pour induire efficacement autophagy chez les animaux, par exemple, 48 h de restriction alimentaire chez la sourisdans la plupart des organes. Deuxièmement, la famine induit peine cerveau autophagie, en raison d&#39;un apport d&#39;éléments nutritifs relativement stable dans le cerveau. En effet, il est aussi difficile à détecter par induction autophagy inducteurs à petites molécules, comme de nombreux médicaments ne peuvent pas traverser la barrière hémato-encéphalique. Ainsi, pour mieux analyser la fonction d&#39;activation de l&#39; autophagie dans la pathogenèse de la maladie, nous avons récemment découvert que l&#39; exercice est une méthode physiologique plus puissant pour induire l&#39; autophagie dans un court laps de temps 7, 8, 9. Par rapport à la famine, l&#39;autophagie est effectivement induit en exécutant tapis roulant aussi vite que 30 min. Ainsi, l&#39;exercice est une approche physiologique pratique et puissant pour étudier le mécanisme de l&#39;autophagie dans la médiation de bienfaits pour la santé et la prévention des maladies. Il existe plusieurs protéines marqueurs pour la détection de l&#39;activité de autophagy, y compris p62 et LC3. LC3 (microtubules protéine associée 1A / 1B c-lumièrehain 3) est une protéine cytosolique (LC3-je forme) qui est conjugué à PE (phosphatidyléthanolamine) lors de l&#39;autophagie induction. LC3 PE-lipidée (formulaire LC3-II) est recruté sur des membranes de autophagosomal et peut être utilisé pour visualiser autophagosomes lorsqu&#39;ils sont marqués avec la GFP. Sa translocation du cytosol vers ponctué structures de autophagosomes en microscopie est une indication de autophagy induction. p62 est un récepteur de chargement pour des substrats de autophagie (telles que les protéines d&#39;ubiquitination) et est incorporé dans autophagosomes aussi. Étant donné que la protéine est dégradée dans les lysosomes ainsi autophagosomes, les niveaux peuvent être utilisés pour mesurer le flux de autophagy. Ici, nous montrons comment utiliser ces marqueurs pour quantifier l&#39;autophagie dans les tissus de souris différents induits par l&#39;exercice aérobie, y compris l&#39;exercice forcé (tapis roulant) et l&#39;exercice volontaire (roues de roulement). Les mêmes procédures peuvent également être appliqués à la mesure in vivo de autophagy après le traitement d&#39;autres inducteurs.

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	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:247px;">Treadmill</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Columbus Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">150-RM Exer 3/6</td>
			<td style="width:217px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:247px;">Mouse running wheel</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Super Pet</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">100079365</td>
			<td>diameter 11.4 cm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:247px;">Odometer</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Bell</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">DASHBOARD 100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:247px;">Syringe pump</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">KD Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">KDS100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:247px;">Fluorescence microscope</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Nikon</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">Model: inverted microscope ECLIPSE</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:247px;">Cryostat</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Leica</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">CM 1850UV</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:247px;">Homogenizer</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">IKA</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">003737001 / Model: T10 Basic S1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:247px;">Chloroquine</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">CAYMAN CHEMICAL COMPANY</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">14194</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:247px;">Parafolmaldehye</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">SIGMA-ALDRICH</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">P6148</td>
			<td>Personal protection equipment required. This product may release formaldehyde gas, a chemical known to cause cancer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:247px;">Mounting media</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Vector Laboratories</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">H-1200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:247px;">p62 antibody</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">610833</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:247px;">LC3 antibody</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Novus Biologicals</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">NB100-2220</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">2X Laemmli Sample Buffer</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">Bio-Rad Laboratories</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">161-0737</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:247px;">ImageJ</td>
			<td style="width:204px;">NIH</td>
			<td style="width:195px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

activating autophagy by aerobic exercise in mice

Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway essential for cell homeostasis, function and differentiation. Under stress conditions, autophagy is induced and targets various cargos, such as bulk cytosol, damaged organelles and misfolded proteins, for degradation in lysosomes. Resulting nutrient molecules are recycled back to the cytosol for new protein synthesis and ATP production. Upregulation of autophagy has beneficial effects against the pathogenesis of many diseases, and pharmacological and physiological strategies to activate autophagy have been reported. Aerobic exercise is recently identified as an efficient autophagy inducer in multiple organs in mice, including muscle, liver, heart and brain. Here we show procedures to induce autophagy in vivo by either forced treadmill exercise or voluntary wheel running. We also demonstrate microscopic and biochemical methods to quantitatively analyze autophagy levels in mouse tissues, using the marker proteins LC3 and p62 that are transported to and degraded in lysosomes along with autophagosomes.

Ce protocole décrit deux méthodes différentes pour induire l&#39;autophagie dans les tissus de souris par l&#39;exercice aérobie: un total de 90 min d&#39;exercice forcé sur un tapis roulant à plusieurs voies procédé par deux jours de acclimation; ou deux semaines d&#39;exercice volontaire sur une roue en cours d&#39;exécution utilisé par les souris logés individuellement. Dans chaque protocole d&#39;exercice, on peut mesurer le flux de autophagy par microscopie à fluorescenc...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Activating Autophagy by Aerobic Exercise in Mice at JoVE.com

Activating Autophagy by Aerobic Exercise in Mice

l&#39;activation Autophagie est bénéfique dans la prévention d&#39;un certain nombre de maladies. L&#39; une des approches physiologiques pour induire autophagy in vivo est un exercice physique. Ici, nous montrons comment activer l&#39;autophagie par l&#39;exercice aérobie et de mesurer les niveaux de l&#39;autophagie chez les souris.

Activation autophagie par exercice aérobie chez la souris

Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway essential for cell homeostasis, function and differentiation. Under stress conditions, autophagy is induced ...

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The Lactate Dehydrogenase Sequestration Assay ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚Â¬ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã‚Â A Simple and Reliable Method to Determine Bulk Autophagic Sequestration Activity in Mammalian Cells

Le test de fixation du Lactate déshydrogénase — Une méthode Simple et fiable pour déterminer l’activité de séquestration autophagique en vrac dans des cellules de mammifères

Bulk autophagy is characterized by the sequestration of large portions of cytoplasm into double/multi-membrane structures termed autophagosomes. Here a ...

Measurement of Insulin- and Contraction-Stimulated Glucose Uptake in Isolated and Incubated Mature Skeletal Muscle from Mice

Mesure de l’absorption de glucose stimulée par l’insuline et la contraction dans le muscle squelettique mature isolé et incubé de souris

Skeletal muscle is an insulin-responsive tissue and typically takes up most of the glucose that enters the blood after a meal. Moreover, it has been ...