Name: the power of simplicity: sea urchin embryos as in vivo developmental models for studying complex cell-to-cell signaling network interactions
Uploaded: 2017-02-16T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Power of Simplicity: Sea Urchin Embryos as in Vivo Developmental Models for Studying Complex Cell-to-cell Signaling Network Interactions at JoVE.com

We would like to thank Dr. Robert Angerer for his careful reading and editing of the manuscript. NIH R15HD088272-01 as well as the Office of Research and Development, and Department of Biological Sciences at Mississippi State University provided support for this project to RCR.

1. 높은 처리량 모르 폴리 노 디자인 전략 <ol><li> 관심의 유전자 (들) (예를 들어 후보 유전자 접근 방식, 시스 - 규제 분석, RNAseq 및 / 또는 단백체 차동 화면)를 확인합니다. </li><li> 자주 업데이트되는 웹 사이트에서 게놈, transcriptomic 및 유전자 발현 데이터를 사용 (예 : SpBase http://www.echinobase.org (20)와 S. purpuratus 게놈 검색에 http : ///urchin.nidcr.nih.gov/blast/index .htm...

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여기에 제시된 방법은 .. 많은 연구소가 해부 일찍 성게 개발 과정에서 유사한 분석을 사용하는 기본적인 발달 메커니즘을 지배하는 신호 전달 경로와 GRNs을 이해하는 척추 동물보다 작은 게놈과 형태 학적 복잡성 배아를 사용하는 능력을 보여주는 예입니다 다른 세포 운명 사양 이벤트에 관련된 신호 전달 경로 (예 노치 헤지 호그, TGF-β의와 FGF 신호) 27, <sup class="...

유전자 조절 네트워크 (GRNs) 신호 전달 경로는 성인 동물 신체 계획을 작성하는 데 사용되는 배아 발달 동안 유전자의 시공간적 식을 설정. 세포 간 신호 전달 경로는 세포가 통신하는 수단을 제공하는 이러한 규제 네트워크의 필수적인 구성 요소이다. 이러한 세포의 상호 작용을 수립하고 배아 1, 2 중에 다양한 지역과 중 규제 및 분화 유전자의 발현을 수정. 세포 외 분비 조절제 (리간드 길항제) 수용체 공동 수용체 간의 상호 작용은 신호 전달 경로의 활동을 제어한다. 세포 내 분자의 구색은 세포의 변형 된 유전자 발현, 분할 및 / 또는 형상의 결과로 이러한 입력을 transduces. 주요 경로에있는 세포 및 세포 수준에서 사용되는 키 분자의 대부분은 있지만공지 그것은 개개 신호 경로의 복잡성으로 인해 많은 부분에서 불완전한 지식이다. 또한, 다른 신호 경로는 종종 세포, 세포 내에서 양 또는 음 중 서로 상호 작용하고 전사 레벨 3, 4, 5, 6. 중요한 신호 전달 경로의 중심 구성 요소는 고도로 모든 후생 동물 종에서 보존하고, 특히 관련성 phyla의 발 미생물과 비교하면 현저하게 중요한 신호 전달 경로의 대부분은 종종 많은 종에서 유사한 발달 기능을 수행하는 7, 8, 9, 10, 11. 개발하는 동안 신호의 연구는 모든 생물의 발굴 작업이며,이척추 동물에서 큰 가능한 리간드 및 수용체 / 공동 변조기 상호 작용의 수, 세포 내 전달 분자뿐만 아니라, 거기에 1) : 가장 후구 동물 모델 (척추 동물, 무척추 척색, 반삭 동물 및 극피)의 신호 전달 경로를 연구하는 몇 가지 중요한 문제는 때문에 유전체 (12, 13), (14)의 복잡도에 서로 다른 신호 경로들 사이의 상호 작용 가능성; 2) 척추 동물의 복잡한 형태와 형태 형성의 움직임은 종종 더 어렵게 및 신호 전달 경로 사이에서 상호 작용을 해석 할 수 있도록; 3) 대부분의 비 극피 동물 무척추 동물의 후구 동물 모델 종의 분석은 일부 피막이 종 (15, 16)를 제외하고 임신 횟수의 짧은 창으로 제한됩니다. 그만큼성게 배아 상술 제한 몇 가지며 생체 내 신호 전달 경로의 상세한 분석을 수행하기 위해 많은 독특한 특성을 제공한다. 이들은 다음을 포함한다 : 1) 성게 게놈의 상대적 단순성 크게 가능한 리간드, 수용체 / 공동 수용체 및 세포 내 전달 분자의 수를 감소시킨다 (17)과의 상호 작용; 2) 세균 층 및 주요 배아 축 사양 및 패턴을 제어하는 GRNs 잘 신호 (18), (19) 수신 셀 / 지역의 규제 문맥의 이해를 돕고, 성게 배아 년에 설립된다 배아가 그 형태를 분석하기 쉽다 단층 상피 구성 때 3) 다수의 신호 전달 경로는 초기 및 절단 낭배 단계 사이 연구 될 수있다 4) 분자를 포함쉽게 조작하는 성게의 신호 전달 경로에서 D; 5) 많은 성게는 10 ~ 11 개월 년 (예 : Strongylocentrotus의 purpuratus 및 Lytechinus의 variegatus)에 대한 임신하는됩니다. 여기서 우리는 체계적이고 효율적으로 지정하고 성게 배아의 패턴 영역이 여러 무척추 동물 모델 시스템은 복잡한 분자 메커니즘의 연구에 제공하는 이점을 설명하기 위해 신호 전달 경로의 구성 요소를 특성화 할 수있는 방법을 제시한다.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Translational-blocking morpholino and/or splice-blocking morpholino</td>
			<td>Gene Tools LLC</td>
			<td>Customized</td>
			<td>More information at www.gene-tools.com</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glycerol</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>15514-011</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FITC (dextran fluorescein isothiocyanate)</td>
			<td>Invitrogen, Life Technologies</td>
			<td>D1821</td>
			<td>Make 25mg/mL stock solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraformaldehyde 16% solution EM Grade</td>
			<td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td>15710</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MOPS</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>M1254-250G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tween-20</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>23336-0010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Formamide</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>47671-1L-F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Yeast tRNA</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>15401-029</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Normal Goat Serum</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>G9023-10mL</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alkaline Phosphatase-conjugated anti-digoxigenin antibody</td>
			<td>Roche</td>
			<td>11 093 274 910</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tetramisole hydrochloride (levamisole)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>L9756-5G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tris Base UltraPure</td>
			<td>Research Products Internationall Corp</td>
			<td>56-40-6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Chloride</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP358-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magnesium chloride</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>7786-30-3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BCIP (5-Bromo-4-Chloro-3-indolyl-phosphate</td>
			<td>Roche</td>
			<td>11 383 221 001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4 Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride (NBT)</td>
			<td>Roche</td>
			<td>11 383 213 001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dimethyl Formamide</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>D4551-500mL</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium Chloride</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>P9541-5KG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Bicarbonate</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>S5761-500G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magnesium Sulfate</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>M7506-2KG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Calcium Chloride</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>C1016-500G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

the power of simplicity: sea urchin embryos as in vivo developmental models for studying complex cell-to-cell signaling network interactions

Remarkably few cell-to-cell signal transduction pathways are necessary during embryonic development to generate the large variety of cell types and tissues in the adult body form. Yet, each year more components of individual signaling pathways are discovered, and studies indicate that depending on the context there is significant cross-talk among most of these pathways. This complexity makes studying cell-to-cell signaling in any in vivo developmental model system a difficult task. In addition, efficient functional analyses are required to characterize molecules associated with signaling pathways identified from the large data sets generated by next generation differential screens. Here, we illustrate a straightforward method to efficiently identify components of signal transduction pathways governing cell fate and axis specification in sea urchin embryos. The genomic and morphological simplicity of embryos similar to those of the sea urchin make them powerful in vivo developmental models for understanding complex signaling interactions. The methodology described here can be used as a template for identifying novel signal transduction molecules in individual pathways as well as the interactions among the molecules in the various pathways in many other organisms.

성게 배아에서 우리는 3 가지의 Wnt 신호 지점 (이 Wnt / β-catenin이,이 Wnt / JNK와의 Wnt / PKC) 4, 25 상호 작용은 전후방 (AP) 패턴에 적용의 Wnt 신호 전달 네트워크를 형성하는 것으로 나타났습니다. 이러한 시그널링 이벤트의 가장 중요한 결과 중 하나는 초기 넓게 표현 전방 neuroectoderm (ANE) GRN가 낭배의 시작 (S.의 purpuratus HPF 24)?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Power of Simplicity: Sea Urchin Embryos as in Vivo Developmental Models for Studying Complex Cell-to-cell Signaling Network Interactions at JoVE.com

The Power of Simplicity: Sea Urchin Embryos as in Vivo Developmental Models for Studying Complex Cell-to-cell Signaling Network Interactions

이 비디오 기사는 체계적이고 효율적으로 많은 무척추 동물 배아에서 복잡한 신호 전달 경로 및 규제 네트워크의 구성 요소를 특성화하는 데 사용할 수있는 생체 방법론에 직접적인을 자세히 설명합니다.

단순함의 힘 : 같은 성게 배아<em&gt; 생체</em&gt; 복잡한 세포 간 신호 전달 네트워크의 상호 작용 유학을위한 발달 모델

Remarkably few cell-to-cell signal transduction pathways are necessary during embryonic development to generate the large variety of cell types and ...

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The Power of Simplicity: Sea Urchin Embryos as in Vivo Developmental Models for Studying Complex Cell-to-cell Signaling Network Interactions

Unit 1

Principles of Cell Signaling

SCIENTISTS IN ACTION

Protocols for Obtaining Zygotic and Somatic Embryos for Studying the Regulation of Early Embryo Development in the Model Legume Medicago truncatula

Protocols for Obtaining Zygotic and Somatic Embryos for Studying the Regulation of Early Embryo Development in the Model Legume Medicago truncatula

모델 콩과 식물에서 초기 배아 발달의 규정 유학을위한 접합체 및 체세포 배아를 얻기위한 프로토콜<em&gt; Medicago truncatula</em

Early embryogenesis starting from a single cell zygote goes through rapid cell division and morphogenesis, and is morphologically characterized by ...

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Characterization of Thymic Settling Progenitors in the Mouse Embryo Using In Vivo and In Vitro Assays

Characterization of Thymic Settling Progenitors in the Mouse Embryo Using In Vivo and In Vitro Assays

흉선의 특성 사용하여 마우스 배아에서 전구 세포를 정착<em&gt; 생체</em&gt;와<em&gt; 체외</em&gt; 분석 실험

Characterizing thymic settling progenitors is important to understand the pre-thymic stages of T cell development, essential to devise strategies for T ...

Studying Wnt Signaling During Patterning of Conducting Airways

실시 항공의 패터닝 동안 Wnt 신호를 공부

Wnt signaling pathways play critical roles during development of the respiratory tract. Defining precise mechanisms of differentiation and morphogenesis ...

Inducing Complete Polyp Regeneration from the Aboral Physa of the Starlet Sea Anemone Nematostella vectensis

Inducing Complete Polyp Regeneration from the Aboral Physa of the Starlet Sea Anemone Nematostella vectensis

작은 별 말미의 반구 Physa에서 전체 폴립 재생을 유도<em&gt; Nematostella의 vectensis</em

Cnidarians, and specifically Hydra, were the first animals shown to regenerate damaged or severed structures, and indeed such studies arguably launched ...

Drug Treatment and In Vivo Imaging of Osteoblast-Osteoclast Interactions in a Medaka Fish Osteoporosis Model

Drug Treatment and In Vivo Imaging of Osteoblast-Osteoclast Interactions in a Medaka Fish Osteoporosis Model

약물 치료와<em&gt; 생체</em&gt;은 메다카 물고기 골다공증 모델에서 조골 파골 세포 상호 작용의 영상

Bone-forming osteoblasts interact with bone-resorbing osteoclasts to coordinate the turnover of bone matrix and to control skeletal homeostasis. Medaka ...

In Vivo Imaging of Transgenic Gene Expression in Individual Retinal Progenitors in Chimeric Zebrafish Embryos to Study Cell Nonautonomous Influences

In Vivo Imaging of Transgenic Gene Expression in Individual Retinal Progenitors in Chimeric Zebrafish Embryos to Study Cell Nonautonomous Influences

키메라 Zebrafish의 태아의 개별 망막 전구 세포의 형질 전환 유전자 발현의 생체 내 이미징에서 세포 비 자립적 영향을 연구하기 위해

The genetic and technical strengths have made the zebrafish vertebrate a key model organism in which the consequences of gene manipulations can be traced ...

Live Imaging of Mouse Secondary Palate Fusion

Mouse Secondary Palate Fusion의 라이브 이미징

The fusion of the secondary palatal shelves to form the intact secondary palate is a key process in mammalian development and its disruption can lead to ...

Visualizing the Node and Notochordal Plate In Gastrulating Mouse Embryos Using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Whole Mount Immunofluorescence

노드 및 스캐닝 전자 현미경 검사 법, 면역 형광 산 전체를 사용 하 여 Gastrulating 마우스 배아에서 Notochordal 접시를 시각화

The post-implantation mouse embryo undergoes major shape changes after the initiation of gastrulation and morphogenesis. A hallmark of morphogenesis is ...

Assessment of Oxidative Damage in the Primary Mouse Ocular Surface Cells/Stem Cells in Response to Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) Damage

Assessment of Oxidative Damage in the Primary Mouse Ocular Surface Cells/Stem Cells in Response to Ultraviolet-C UV-C Damage

자외선-C (UV-C) 손상에 응하여 1 차 마우스 안구 표면 세포/줄기 세포에 있는 산화 손상의 평가

The ocular surface is subjected to regular wear and tear due to various environmental factors. Exposure to UV-C radiation constitutes an occupational ...

A Layered Mounting Method for Extended Time-Lapse Confocal Microscopy of Whole Zebrafish Embryos

전체 얼룩말 배아의 연장된 시간 경과 공초점 현미경 검사법을 위한 레이어형 장착 방법

Dynamics of development can be followed by confocal time-lapse microscopy of live transgenic zebrafish embryos expressing fluorescence in specific tissues ...