Name: laboratory scale production and purification of a therapeutic antibody
Uploaded: 2017-01-24T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Laboratory Scale Production and Purification of a Therapeutic Antibody at JoVE.com

The research was supported by the University of Sydney. pVITRO1-Trastuzumab-IgG1/&#954; was a gift from Andrew Beavil (Addgene plasmid # 61883). We thank Tihomir S. Dodev for useful discussions regarding pVITRO1-Trastuzumab-IgG1/&#954;.

OBS: En lämplig däggdjursexpressionsvektor måste användas för detta protokoll. Här används en enda konstruktion innehållande två expressionskassetter som används (dvs. tung och lätt kedja expression drivs av separata promotorer). Trastuzumab tunga och lätta kedjor har tidigare klonats in i vektorn. Denna vektor var en gåva från Andrew Beavil, som erhållits genom en icke-vinstdrivande plasmid förvaret 13. 1. Återkravet och skala upp Vector DNA OBS: Vektor-DN...

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Detta protokoll specificerar transfektion, stabil uttryckning och rening av en terapeutisk antikropp i HEK-293-celler. Stabilt uttryck av antikroppsgener är det första steget vid generering av en antikroppsproducerande cell-linje för utveckling och tillverkning av en terapeutisk antikropp. Medan kinesisk hamsterovarie (CHO) celler förblir uttrycket plattform som väljs för terapeutiska proteiner, är den HEK-293-cellinjen få en framträdande plats med insikten att proteiner producerade i dessa celler är en bättr...

Framgången av terapeutiska antikroppar fortsätter att driva stora investeringar i utveckling av antikroppsläkemedel som en våg av nästa generations läkemedel börjar. Marknaden antikroppen förväntas vara omformas genom antikroppsfragment 1, antikropp-läkemedel-konjugat 2, bispecifika antikroppar 3 och manipulerade antikroppar med fördelaktiga egenskaper 4. En annan klass vinner farmaceutiskt intresse är biosimilars. Jämförbara biologiska antikroppar är &quot;mycket lika&quot; replikera produkter av en terapeutisk antikropp som redan har erhållit godkännande. En föreslagen biologiskt likartat måste vara jämförbar med upphovsantikroppen med avseende på dess struktur, funktion, djur toxicitet, klinisk säkerhet och effektivitet, farmakokinetik (PK), farmakodynamik (PD) och immunogenicitet 5, 6. Godkännande rates av biologiskt likartade antikroppar har varit långsamma på grund av de strikta begränsningar på den slutliga produktens kvalitet. De exakta tillverkningsprocesser såsom specifik cellinjer och odlingsbetingelser genom att de sista processtegen kan förbli äganderätt. Vad mera är, tillverkning av antikroppar innebär i sig en viss variation som kan lägga till utmaningen att producera en mycket liknande produkt. En omfattande fysikalisk-kemiska och biofysikalisk karaktärisering och jämförelser är ganska svårt, men ett antal studier som visar egenskaperna hos biosimilar antikroppar växer fram i litteraturen 7, 8, 9. Generering av en terapeutisk antikropp börjar med transfektion av däggdjursvärdceller med en vektor som bär generna för respektive antikropp. Vektordesign, cellinje och odlingsbetingelser är nyckelfaktorer för att ställa in frittpression systemet. DNA-sekvenser av antikroppar kan hämtas från Läkemedels Bank (www.drugbank.ca), IMGT (www.igmt.org) eller forskningspublikationer inklusive patent. Till exempel är sekvensen av trastuzumab tillgängliga via Drug Bank (DB ID: DB00072). Aminosyrasekvensen av de variabla regionerna kan undergå gen design och optimering för syntes i de önskade värdarten. Det är viktigt för ett jämförbart biologiskt antikropp att ingen modifiering sker till aminosyrasekvensen. När syntetiserats kan antikroppsgener subklonas in i lämplig vektor val. Humana IgG-antikroppar består av två identiska tunga kedjor och två identiska lätta kedjor. Hårt reglerad expression av båda kedjorna är viktigt för optimal produktion av heterologt IgG protein i däggdjursceller 10. Inträ- såväl som mellan kedjor disulfidbindningar måste formas och ett antal post-translationella modifieringar måste vara iintroducerats under biosyntesen protein. Ett antal vektorer finns tillgängliga som har utformats speciellt för att uttrycka antikroppsgener (se tabell of Materials). Dessa antikroppsspecifika vektorer uttrycker vanligtvis de konstanta regionerna för både tunga och lätta kedjor så att endast de variabla regionerna av varje kedja kräver kloning. Transfektion av celler med två oberoende konstruktioner (co-transfektion) är det vanligaste tillvägagångssättet för att leverera tung och lätt kedja-kodande gener. Det vill säga, varje gen driven av sin egen promotor och transkriberades som separata antikroppskedjor innan de monteras i det endoplasmatiska retiklet. Å andra sidan, multi-cistronic vektorer har interna ribosominträdesställe (IRES) element som ingår som tillåter uttryck av multipla gener som ett enda mRNA-transkript med översättning tillåtet från interna regioner av mRNA 11. I detta fall är de tunga och lätta kedjan som kodar för gener kopplade i en Arrangement att uppnå sam-expression av båda antikroppskedjorna 10, 12. Medan övergående transfekterade celler ger tillräckligt med protein för att utföra ett begränsat antal experiment, kan stabilt transfekterade cellinjer som har genomgått val för genom integration ger högre avkastning. Högre proteinmängder möjliggöra metodutveckling avseende in vitro karakterisering och kan ge en indikation på antikropps kvalitet med hänsyn till tillämpningar nedströms såsom klonal cellinje och bly val kandidat. Målet med denna artikel är att beskriva den stabilt uttryck och rening av en terapeutisk antikropp som produceras i en däggdjursexpressionssystem. I själva verket kan denna metod tillämpas på uttrycket av ett biologiskt likartat antikropp. Metoden kan användas för den första karakterisering av antikroppar innan man fortsätter vidare till den kritiska, om än tidskrävande steps för identifiering av en önskvärd klon för större skala tillverkning. Dessutom kan denna metod användas för att uttrycka andra proteiner och inte bara antikroppar. Den följande detaljerade protokoll beskriver expressionen av terapeutisk antikropp trastuzumab. Denna består av framställning av vektor-DNA följt av stabil transfektion i HEK-293-cellinjen och rening av antikropp-proteinet genom en automatiserad kromatografisk metod.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1730">
	<colgroup>
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		<col />
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	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:348px;">pFUSE vector series</td>
			<td style="width:189px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">InvivoGen</td>
			<td style="width:1003px;">Heavy and light antibody genes expressed in separate vectors that require co-transfection.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">mAbXpress vector series</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>ACYTE Biotech Pty Ltd.</td>
			<td>Heavy and light antibody genes expressed in separate vectors that require co-transfection. Refer to: Jones, M. L. et al. A method for rapid, ligation-independent reformatting of recombinant monoclonal antibodies. J Immunol Methods. 354 (1-2), 85-90, doi:10.1016/j.jim.2010.02.001, (2010).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">pVITRO1 vector</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Heavy and light antibody genes are each driven by a separate promoter in a single vector.&#160; Refer to: Dodev, T. S. et al. A tool kit for rapid cloning and expression of recombinant antibodies. Sci Rep. 4 5885, doi:10.1038/srep05885, (2014).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">GS vector series</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Lonza</td>
			<td>Multi-cistronic vector with heavy and light antibody genes co-expressed and translated as single transcript.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Multi-cistronic vector series 1</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Multi-cistronic vector with heavy and light antibody genes co-expressed and translated as single transcript. Refer to: Li, J. et al. A comparative study of different vector designs for the mammalian expression of recombinant IgG antibodies. J Immunol Methods. 318 (1-2), 113-124, doi:10.1016/j.jim.2006.10.010, (2007).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Multi-cistronic vector series 2</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Multi-cistronic vector with heavy and light antibody genes co-expressed and translated as single transcript. Refer to: Ho, S. C. et al. IRES-mediated Tricistronic vectors for enhancing generation of high monoclonal antibody expressing CHO cell lines. J Biotechnol. 157 (1), 130-139, doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.09.023, (2012).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">pVITRO1-Trastuzumab-IgG1/&#954;</td>
			<td>61883</td>
			<td>Addgene</td>
			<td>Mammalian expression vector containing trastuzumab antibody genes with hygromycin resistance gene; pVITRO1-Trastuzumab-IgG1/&#954; was a gift from Andrew Beavil.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Fast-Media Hygro Agar</td>
			<td>fas-hg-s</td>
			<td>Jomar Life Research</td>
			<td>Used to prepare low salt LB agar containing 75 &#181;g/ml hygromycin.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Fast-Media Hygro TB</td>
			<td>fas-hg-l</td>
			<td>Jomar Life Research</td>
			<td>Used to prepare low salt TB broth containing 75 &#181;g/ml hygromycin.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Glycerol, BioXtra, &#8805;99%</td>
			<td>G6279</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>Prepare to 80% with water and autoclave. Store at room temperature.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Jestar 2.0/LFU Plasmid Maxi Kit</td>
			<td>G221020</td>
			<td>Astral Scientific</td>
			<td>Plasmid Maxi Prep Kit; elute or resuspend DNA in water (pH 7.0-8.5).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">FreeStyle 293-F Cells</td>
			<td>R790-07</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>HEK-293 cell line adapted to suspension culture in serum-free media.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">FreeStyle 293 Expression Medium</td>
			<td>12338-018</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>Serum-free media specially formulated for maintaing 293-F cell line and high protein expression.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;">Kolliphor P188</td>
			<td>K4894</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>Non-ionic surfactant; pluronic F-68; prepare to 10% in water and filter-sterilize using 0.22 &#956;m filter. Store at 4oC.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">DMEM, high glucose&#160;</td>
			<td>11995-065</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Heat-Inactivated Foetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td>10082-147</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:348px;">Polyethylenimine, Linear, MW 25,000&#160;</td>
			<td>23966</td>
			<td>Polysciences, Inc.</td>
			<td>Prepare to 1 mg/ml in water. Adjust to pH 7.0 with 1 M HCl (solution becomes clear) and filter-sterilize using 0.22 &#956;m filter. Store at -80oC until use.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">OptiPro SFM</td>
			<td>12309-050</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>Transfection formulated serum-free media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Hygromycin B Solution</td>
			<td>ant-hg-1</td>
			<td>Jomar Life Research</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO)</td>
			<td>AJA2225</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;">Tryptone (casein peptone)</td>
			<td>LP0042B</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>Prepare to 20% in PBS and filter-sterilize using 0.22 &#956;m filter. Store at 4oC.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) Tablets, pH 7.4, 100 ml</td>
			<td>09-2051-100</td>
			<td>Astral Scientific</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">HiTrap Protein A High Performance, 1 x 5 ml column</td>
			<td>GE17-0403-01</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">AKTApurifier 100</td>
			<td>28406266</td>
			<td>GE Healthcare</td>
			<td>Automated FPLC system, which can include a P-960 sample pump and Frac-920 fraction collector.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Glycine-HCl</td>
			<td>G2879</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Citric Acid, monohydrate</td>
			<td>BIOC2123</td>
			<td>Astral Scientific</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Sodium Citrate, trisodium salt dihydrate&#160;</td>
			<td>BIOCB0035</td>
			<td>Astral Scientific</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">1 M Tris-HCl solution pH 9.0</td>
			<td>BIOSD8146</td>
			<td>Astral Scientific</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Amicon Ultra Centrifugal Filters (30 MWCO)</td>
			<td>UFC803008/UFC903008</td>
			<td>Merck Millipore</td>
			<td>Used to buffer exchange and concentrate purified protein.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Pierce Bicinchoninic Acid (BCA) Assay Kit</td>
			<td>23227</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">BLItz System</td>
			<td>45-5000</td>
			<td>fort&#233;BIO</td>
			<td>Instrument used for bio-layer interferometry (BLI) measurements.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Protein A biosensors</td>
			<td>18-5010</td>
			<td>fort&#233;BIO</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Acrylamide/Bisacrylamide (37.5:1), 40% solution</td>
			<td>786-502</td>
			<td>Astral Scientific</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Ammonium Persulfate (APS)</td>
			<td>AM0486</td>
			<td>Astral Scientific</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">TEMED</td>
			<td>AM0761</td>
			<td>Astral Scientific</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250</td>
			<td>786-498</td>
			<td>Astral Scientific</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Precision Plus Dual-Color Protein Standard</td>
			<td>1610374</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

laboratory scale production and purification of a therapeutic antibody

Ensuring the successful production of a therapeutic antibody begins early on in the development process. The first stage is vector expression of the antibody genes followed by stable transfection into a suitable cell line. The stable clones are subjected to screening in order to select those clones with desired production and growth characteristics. This is a critical albeit time-consuming step in the process. This protocol considers vector selection and sourcing of antibody sequences for the expression of a therapeutic antibody. The methods describe preparation of vector DNA for stable transfection of a suspension variant of human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK-293) cell line, using polyethylenimine (PEI). The cells are transfected as adherent cells in serum-containing media to maximize transfection efficiency, and afterwards adapted to serum-free conditions. Large scale production, setup as batch overgrow cultures is used to yield antibody protein that is purified by affinity chromatography using an automated fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) instrument. The antibody yields produced by this method can provide sufficient protein to begin initial characterization of the antibody. This may include in vitro assay development or physicochemical characterization to aid in the time-consuming task of clonal screening for lead candidates. This method can be transferable to the development of an expression system for the production of biosimilar antibodies.

Stabil produktion av trastuzumab genom transfekterade HEK-293-celler bekräftades med användning bio-skikt interferometri (BLI) som presenteras i figur 1. En IgG standardkurva genererades genom att mäta bindningshastigheten mellan en IgG-antikropp standard och protein A biosensor (Figur 1A). Den råa supernatanten Provet likartad mätning, då dess koncentration interpoleras från standardkurvan (Figur 1B). Supernatanten Koncentratione...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Laboratory Scale Production and Purification of a Therapeutic Antibody at JoVE.com

Laboratory Scale Production and Purification of a Therapeutic Antibody

Detta protokoll beskriver framställningen av en terapeutisk antikropp i ett däggdjursexpressionssystem. De metoder som beskrivs bland annat framställning av vektor-DNA, stabil transfektion och serumfritt anpassning av en human embryonal njure 293-cellinje, som inrättades av storskaliga kulturer och rening med hjälp av affinitetskromatografi.

Laboratorieskala Produktion och rening av en terapeutisk antikropp

Ensuring the successful production of a therapeutic antibody begins early on in the development process. The first stage is vector expression of the ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biochemistry

Directed Protein Packaging within Outer Membrane Vesicles from Escherichia coli: Design, Production and Purification

Directed Protein Packaging within Outer Membrane Vesicles from Escherichia coli: Design, Production and Purification

Riktad Protein Förpackning inom yttre membranvesiklar från<em&gt; Escherichia coli</em&gt;: Design, produktion och rening

An increasing interest in applying synthetic biology techniques to program outer membrane vesicles (OMV) are leading to some very interesting and unique ...

Production, Crystallization and Structure Determination of C. difficile PPEP-1 via Microseeding and Zinc-SAD

Production, Crystallization and Structure Determination of C. difficile PPEP-1 via Microseeding and Zinc-SAD

Produktion, Kristallisering och strukturbestämning av<em&gt; C. difficile</em&gt; PPEP-en via Microseeding och zink-SAD

New therapies are needed to treat Clostridium difficile infections that are a major threat to human health. The C. difficile metalloprotease PPEP-1 is a ...

Expression, Purification, and Antimicrobial Activity of S100A12

Expression, rening och antimikrobiell aktivitet av S100A12

Calgranulin proteins are important mediators of innate immunity and are members of the S100 class of the EF-hand family of calcium binding proteins. Some ...

A Guide to Production, Crystallization, and Structure Determination of Human IKK1/&#945;

A Guide to Production, Crystallization, and Structure Determination of Human IKK1/ÃƒÆ’Ã…Â½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â±

En Guide till produktion, kristallisering och strukturbestämning av mänskliga IKK1/α

A class of extracellular stimuli requires activation of IKK1/&#945; to induce generation of an NF-&#954;B subunit, p52, through processing of its ...

Method for Efficient Refolding and Purification of Chemoreceptor Ligand Binding Domain

Metod för effektiv vika och rening av Chemoreceptor Ligand bindande domän

Identification of natural ligands of chemoreceptors and structural studies aimed at elucidation of the molecular basis of the ligand specificity can be ...

Purification and Reconstitution of TRPV1 for Spectroscopic Analysis

Rening och beredning av TRPV1 för spektroskopisk analys

Polymodal ion channels transduce multiple stimuli of different natures into allosteric changes; these dynamic conformations are challenging to determine ...

Transient Expression in Nicotiana Benthamiana Leaves for Triterpene Production at a Preparative Scale

Transient Expression in Nicotiana Benthamiana Leaves for Triterpene Production at a Preparative Scale

Övergående uttryck i Nicotiana Benthamiana lämnar för Triterpene produktion i preparativ skala

The triterpenes are one of the largest and most structurally diverse families of plant natural products. Many triterpene derivatives have been shown to ...

Large-scale Production of Recombinant RNAs on a Circular Scaffold Using a Viroid-derived System in Escherichia coli

Large-scale Production of Recombinant RNAs on a Circular Scaffold Using a Viroid-derived System in Escherichia coli

Storskalig produktion av rekombinant RNAs på en cirkulär byggnadsställning Viroid-härledda System med i Escherichia coli

With increasing interest in RNA biology and the use of RNA molecules in sophisticated biotechnological applications, the methods to produce large amounts ...

Expression and Purification of Nuclease-Free Oxygen Scavenger Protocatechuate 3,4-Dioxygenase

Uttryck och rening av Nukleasfri syre avskiljare Protocatechuat 3, 4-dioxygenas

Single molecule (SM) microscopy is used in the study of dynamic molecular interactions of fluorophore labeled biomolecules in real time. However, ...

A Customizable Approach for the Enzymatic Production and Purification of Diterpenoid Natural Products

En anpassningsbar metod för enzymatisk produktion och rening av Diterpenoid naturliga produkter

Diterpenoids form a diverse class of small molecule natural products that are widely distributed across the kingdoms of life and have critical biological ...