Name: non-invasive in vivo fluorescence optical imaging of inflammatory mmp activity using an activatable fluorescent imaging agent
Uploaded: 2017-05-08T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Non-invasive In Vivo Fluorescence Optical Imaging of Inflammatory MMP Activity Using an Activatable Fluorescent Imaging Agent at JoVE.com

感谢Daniel Bukala，Natalie Altmeyer和Funda Cay的卓越技术支持。我们感谢Jonathan Cotton，Greg Bowden和Paul Soubiran编辑手稿。这项工作得到Werner西门子基金会和Eberhard Karls大学Tübingen医学院（“Promotionskolleg”）以及DFG通过CRC 156（C3项目）的支持。

本文中描述的所有程序都遵循实验动物护理和使用的指导方针和国际标准，并得到了德国Tuebingen国家委员会动物福利与道德委员会的批准。 8-12周龄的BALB / c和C57BL / 6小鼠保持12小时12小时光线：黑暗循环，并以22±1℃的标准化环境条件容纳在IVC中，用水和2〜5组，食物随意获取。 材料准备<ol><li>根据注射前直接的数据表稀释OI染料进行近红外荧光成像。可活化的OI染料（...

<ol>
	<li>Veale, D. J., Ritchlin, C., FitzGerald, O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immunopathology+of+psoriasis+and+psoriatic+arthritis.">Immunopathology of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.</a> Ann Rheum Dis. 64, 26 (2005).</li><li>Harris, E. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rheumatoid+arthritis.+Pathophysiology+and+implications+for+therapy.">Rheumatoid arthritis. Pathophysiology and implications for therapy.</a> N Engl J Med. 322 (18), 1277-1289 (1990).</li><li>Lee, D. M., Weinblatt, M. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rheumatoid+arthritis.">Rheumatoid arthritis.</a> Lancet. 358 (9285), 903-911 (2001).</li><li>Firestein, G. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immunologic+mechanisms+in+the+pathogenesis+of+rheumatoid+arthritis.">Immunologic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.</a> J Clin Rheumatol. 11, S39-S44 (2005).</li><li>Pap, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differential+expression+pattern+of+membrane-type+matrix+metalloproteinases+in+rheumatoid+arthritis.">Differential expression pattern of membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases in rheumatoid arthritis.</a> Arthritis Rheum. 43 (6), 1226-1232 (2000).</li><li>Firestein, G. S., Paine, M. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stromelysin+and+tissue+inhibitor+of+metalloproteinases+gene+expression+in+rheumatoid+arthritis+synovium.">Stromelysin and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases gene expression in rheumatoid arthritis synovium.</a> Am J Pathol. 140 (6), 1309-1314 (1992).</li><li>Schwenck, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+optical+imaging+of+matrix+metalloproteinase+activity+detects+acute+and+chronic+contact+hypersensitivity+reactions+and+enables+monitoring+of+the+antiinflammatory+effects+of+N-acetylcysteine.">In vivo optical imaging of matrix metalloproteinase activity detects acute and chronic contact hypersensitivity reactions and enables monitoring of the antiinflammatory effects of N-acetylcysteine.</a> Mol Imaging. 13, (2014).</li><li>Monach, P. A., Mathis, D., Benoist, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+K/BxN+arthritis+model.">The K/BxN arthritis model.</a> Curr Protoc Immunol. 15, 22 (2008).</li><li>Zelmer, A., Ward, T. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Noninvasive+fluorescence+imaging+of+small+animals.">Noninvasive fluorescence imaging of small animals.</a> J Microsc. 252 (1), 8-15 (2013).</li><li>Kouskoff, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Organ-specific+disease+provoked+by+systemic+autoimmunity.">Organ-specific disease provoked by systemic autoimmunity.</a> Cell. 87 (5), 811-822 (1996).</li><li>Fuchs, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+imaging+of+cell+proliferation+enables+the+detection+of+the+extent+of+experimental+rheumatoid+arthritis+by+3'-deoxy-3'-18f-fluorothymidine+and+small-animal+PET.">In vivo imaging of cell proliferation enables the detection of the extent of experimental rheumatoid arthritis by 3'-deoxy-3'-18f-fluorothymidine and small-animal PET.</a> J Nucl Med. 54 (1), 151-158 (2013).</li><li>Schwenck, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fluorescence+and+Cerenkov+luminescence+imaging.+Applications+in+small+animal+research.">Fluorescence and Cerenkov luminescence imaging. Applications in small animal research.</a> Nuklearmedizin. 55 (2), 63-70 (2016).</li><li>Mahling, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Comparative+pO2+Probe+and+[18F]-Fluoro-Azomycinarabino-Furanoside+([18F]FAZA)+PET+Study+Reveals+Anesthesia-Induced+Impairment+of+Oxygenation+and+Perfusion+in+Tumor+and+Muscle.">A Comparative pO2 Probe and [18F]-Fluoro-Azomycinarabino-Furanoside ([18F]FAZA) PET Study Reveals Anesthesia-Induced Impairment of Oxygenation and Perfusion in Tumor and Muscle.</a> PLoS One. 10 (4), 0124665 (2015).</li><li>Fuchs, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oxygen+breathing+affects+3'-deoxy-3'-18F-fluorothymidine+uptake+in+mouse+models+of+arthritis+and+cancer.">Oxygen breathing affects 3'-deoxy-3'-18F-fluorothymidine uptake in mouse models of arthritis and cancer.</a> J Nucl Med. 53 (5), 823-830 (2012).</li><li>Fuchs, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Impact+of+anesthetics+on+3'-[18F]fluoro-3'-deoxythymidine+([18F]FLT)+uptake+in+animal+models+of+cancer+and+inflammation.">Impact of anesthetics on 3'-[18F]fluoro-3'-deoxythymidine ([18F]FLT) uptake in animal models of cancer and inflammation.</a> Mol Imaging. 12 (5), 277-287 (2013).</li><li>Liu, N., Shang, J., Tian, F., Nishi, H., Abe, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+optical+imaging+for+evaluating+the+efficacy+of+edaravone+after+transient+cerebral+ischemia+in+mice.">In vivo optical imaging for evaluating the efficacy of edaravone after transient cerebral ischemia in mice.</a> Brain Res. 1397, 66-75 (2011).</li><li>Sheth, R. A., Maricevich, M., Mahmood, U. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+optical+molecular+imaging+of+matrix+metalloproteinase+activity+in+abdominal+aortic+aneurysms+correlates+with+treatment+effects+on+growth+rate.">In vivo optical molecular imaging of matrix metalloproteinase activity in abdominal aortic aneurysms correlates with treatment effects on growth rate.</a> Atherosclerosis. 212 (1), 181-187 (2010).</li><li>Chen, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Near-infrared+fluorescent+imaging+of+matrix+metalloproteinase+activity+after+myocardial+infarction.">Near-infrared fluorescent imaging of matrix metalloproteinase activity after myocardial infarction.</a> Circulation. 111 (14), 1800-1805 (2005).</li><li>Wallis de Vries, B. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Images+in+cardiovascular+medicine.+Multispectral+near-infrared+fluorescence+molecular+imaging+of+matrix+metalloproteinases+in+a+human+carotid+plaque+using+a+matrix-degrading+metalloproteinase-sensitive+activatable+fluorescent+probe.">Images in cardiovascular medicine. Multispectral near-infrared fluorescence molecular imaging of matrix metalloproteinases in a human carotid plaque using a matrix-degrading metalloproteinase-sensitive activatable fluorescent probe.</a> Circulation. 119 (20), e534-e536 (2009).</li><li>Weissleder, R., Tung, C. H., Mahmood, U., Bogdanov, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+imaging+of+tumors+with+protease-activated+near-infrared+fluorescent+probes.">In vivo imaging of tumors with protease-activated near-infrared fluorescent probes.</a> Nat Biotechnol. 17 (4), 375-378 (1999).</li><li>Cortez-Retamozo, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Real-time+assessment+of+inflammation+and+treatment+response+in+a+mouse+model+of+allergic+airway+inflammation.">Real-time assessment of inflammation and treatment response in a mouse model of allergic airway inflammation.</a> J Clin Invest. 118 (12), 4058-4066 (2008).</li><li>McIntyre, J. O., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+a+novel+fluorogenic+proteolytic+beacon+for+in+vivo+detection+and+imaging+of+tumour-associated+matrix+metalloproteinase-7+activity.">Development of a novel fluorogenic proteolytic beacon for in vivo detection and imaging of tumour-associated matrix metalloproteinase-7 activity.</a> Biochem J. 377, 617-628 (2004).</li><li>Scherer, R. L., VanSaun, M. N., McIntyre, J. O., Matrisian, L. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optical+imaging+of+matrix+metalloproteinase-7+activity+in+vivo+using+a+proteolytic+nanobeacon).">Optical imaging of matrix metalloproteinase-7 activity in vivo using a proteolytic nanobeacon).</a> Mol Imaging. 7 (3), 118-131 (2008).</li><li>Olson, E. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+characterization+of+activatable+cell+penetrating+peptides+for+targeting+protease+activity+in+cancer.">In vivo characterization of activatable cell penetrating peptides for targeting protease activity in cancer.</a> Integr Biol (Camb. 1 (5-6), 382-393 (2009).</li><li>Duijnhoven, S. M., Robillard, M. S., Nicolay, K., Grull, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tumor+targeting+of+MMP-2/9+activatable+cell-penetrating+imaging+probes+is+caused+by+tumor-independent+activation).">Tumor targeting of MMP-2/9 activatable cell-penetrating imaging probes is caused by tumor-independent activation).</a> J Nucl Med. 52 (2), 279-286 (2011).</li><li>Schafers, M., Schober, O., Hermann, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Matrix-metalloproteinases+as+imaging+targets+for+inflammatory+activity+in+atherosclerotic+plaques.">Matrix-metalloproteinases as imaging targets for inflammatory activity in atherosclerotic plaques.</a> J Nucl Med. 51 (5), 663-666 (2010).</li><li>Wagner, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+18F-labelled+derivative+of+the+MMP+inhibitor+CGS+27023A+for+PET:+radiosynthesis+and+initial+small-animal+PET+studies.">A new 18F-labelled derivative of the MMP inhibitor CGS 27023A for PET: radiosynthesis and initial small-animal PET studies.</a> Appl Radiat Isot. 67 (4), 606-610 (2009).</li><li>Waschkau, B., Faust, A., Schafers, M., Bremer, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Performance+of+a+new+fluorescence-labeled+MMP+inhibitor+to+image+tumor+MMP+activity+in+vivo+in+comparison+to+an+MMP-activatable+probe.">Performance of a new fluorescence-labeled MMP inhibitor to image tumor MMP activity in vivo in comparison to an MMP-activatable probe.</a> Contrast Media Mol Imaging. 8 (1), 1-11 (2013).</li><li>Vogl, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Alarmin+S100A8/S100A9+as+a+biomarker+for+molecular+imaging+of+local+inflammatory+activity.">Alarmin S100A8/S100A9 as a biomarker for molecular imaging of local inflammatory activity.</a> Nat Commun. 5, 4593 (2014).</li></ol>

OI是临床前研究中非侵入性体内分子成像的非常有用，快速和便宜的工具。 OI的特殊优势是监测高度动态过程（如炎症反应）的能力。此外，OI允许人们在一段时间内跟踪疾病进程，时间范围从几天到几周。 OI具有优于其他体内成像模式（如正电子发射断层扫描（PET）或磁共振成像（MRI））的优点，因为它是非常时间和成本有效的。每次采集多达5只动物的高通?...

自身免疫疾病如类风湿关节炎（RA）或牛皮癣被分级为延迟型超敏反应（DTHR）。 1 RA是以侵蚀性滑膜炎和关节破坏为特征的常见自身免疫性疾病。 2炎性关节炎关节表现出炎症细胞的浸润和增殖，增加炎症细胞的表达，导致血管us形成，软骨和骨破坏。 3，4细胞外基质分子如基质金属蛋白酶（MMPs）的胶原蛋白的切割对组织转化和血管生成至关重要，并导致组织破坏。 5，6接触超敏反应（CHR）的特征是中性粒细胞的聚集，导致氧化爆发。 7与RA相似，CHR中的MMPs是不同的粘弹性阻尼器在组织转化，细胞迁移和血管生成，以便建立慢性炎症。 为了研究RA，使用了葡萄糖-6-磷酸异构酶（GPI） - 血清注射小鼠模型。从含有抗GPI抗体的转基因K / BxN小鼠8血清，注入幼稚BALB / c小鼠后，其风湿性炎症开始与GPI-血清注射后第6天溶胀最大脚踝的24个小时（参见1.1）中培养。为了分析慢性CHR，C57BL / 6小鼠用在腹部trinitrochlorobenzene（TNCB）致敏。右耳被质疑到开始致敏1周后5次（也参见1.1和1.2）。 非侵入性的小动物OI是基于荧光基团，chemiluminescent-和生物发光-信号，这些信号主要用于在临床前研究的体内研究的技术。所获得的半定量的数据给出了分析上市公司molec在机关ular机制和健康组织以及患病实验动物模型，并且使得纵向后续测量（ 例如 ，以评估在体内治疗响应简档）。纵向研究的一大优势是动物数量的减少，因为相同的动物可以在后续的研究在几个时间点，而不是每个时间点使用不同的小鼠中测得的。 OI的分辨率允许器官的详细的功能成像和在实验动物中甚至更小的组织结构。 的特定激发和发射滤光片具有窄透射光谱，由遮光对散射光保护“暗盒”和一个敏感的电荷耦合器件（CCD）相机，其在许多设备冷却到-70℃，使用允许高度特异性和荧光信号的敏感测量。 通过使用荧光剂与excitation-和近红外荧光窗（650 - 950 nm）的发射光谱可以显着提高信噪比。近红外荧光窗的特征在于通过血红蛋白和水对信号的相对较低的吸收以及低的背景自动荧光。 9允许小动物组织中的穿透深度达2厘米。 OI探针可以直接（ 例如通过荧光标记的抗体）靶向靶标，或者可以在靶组织中（ 例如通过蛋白酶）活化。由于Förster共振能量转移（FRET）到淬灭部分，活化的OI探针以其失活形式光学沉默，其将分子内的激发能转移到另一个结构域。如果染料被切割（例如通过蛋白酶），则能量不再在分子内转移，并且可以通过OI检测荧光信号。这允许设计具有高特异性的OI探针y用于不同的生物过程和优异的信噪比。 以下协议详细说明了动物的制备，使用可活化OI探针在体内成像MMP-2，-3，-9和-13活性的OI测量和两个炎症实验模型（RA，CHR）。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Cornergel</td>
			<td>Gerhard Mann GmbH</td>
			<td>1224635</td>
			<td>ophthalmic ointment&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Forene</td>
			<td>Abbott GmbH</td>
			<td>4831850</td>
			<td>isoflurane</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>U40 insulin syringe</td>
			<td>Becton Dickinson and Company</td>
			<td>324876</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heparin</td>
			<td>Sintetica</td>
			<td>6093089</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>High-Med-PE 0.28x0.61mm</td>
			<td>Reichelt Chemietechnik GmbH+Co</td>
			<td>28460</td>
			<td>polyethylene tubing, inner diameter 0.28 mm, outer diameter 0.61&#160;mm&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BD Regular Bevel Needles, 30 G</td>
			<td>Becton Dickinson &#38; Co. Ltd.</td>
			<td>305106</td>
			<td>30 G injection cannula</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RTA-0011 isoflurane vaporizer</td>
			<td>Vetland Medical Sales and Services LLC</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Artagain drawing paper</td>
			<td>Strathmore Artist Paper</td>
			<td>446-8</td>
			<td>coal black</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>IVIS Spectrum</td>
			<td>Perkin Elmer</td>
			<td>124262</td>
			<td>Optical imaging system</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BD Regular Bevel Needles, 25 G</td>
			<td>Becton Dickinson and Company</td>
			<td>305122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2-Chloro-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich GmbH</td>
			<td>7987456F</td>
			<td>TNCB</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MMPSense 680</td>
			<td>Perkin Elmer&#160;</td>
			<td>NEV10126</td>
			<td>fluorescent imaging dye</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Oditest&#160;</td>
			<td>Koreplin GmbH</td>
			<td>C1X018</td>
			<td>mechanical measurment</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Miglyol 812</td>
			<td>SASOL</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>Oil</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#160;BALB/C, C57BL/6</td>
			<td>Charles River Laboratories&#160;</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>Mice used for experiements</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich GmbH</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>For dilution of the RA serum&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pipette (100&#181;l)</td>
			<td>Eppendorf&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Used for TNCB application&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>shaver&#160;</td>
			<td>Wahl&#160;</td>
			<td>9962</td>
			<td>Animal hair trimmer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Living Image&#160;</td>
			<td>Perkin Elmer&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Imaging software to measure OI</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

non-invasive in vivo fluorescence optical imaging of inflammatory mmp activity using an activatable fluorescent imaging agent

本文介绍了一种非侵入性的方法，用于成像基质金属蛋白酶（MMP）由活化的荧光探针-activity， 通过 体内荧光光学成像（OI），在炎症的两个不同的小鼠模型：类风湿关节炎（RA）和接触超敏反应（CHR）模型。在近红外（NIR）窗口的波长的光（650 - 950 nm）的允许更深的组织穿透和最小的信号的吸收相比，低于650纳米的波长。使用荧光OI的主要优点是，它是便宜，快速，易于在不同的动物模型来实现。 活化的荧光探针在它们的失活状态的光学沉默，但通过蛋白酶激活时变得高度荧光的。活化蛋白酶引起组织破坏并播放在迟发型超敏反应（DTHRs）如RA和CHR疾病进展中起重要作用。此外，MMP是对于软骨和骨降解和键的蛋白酶是由巨噬细胞，成纤维细胞和软骨细胞响应于促炎细胞因子引起的。在这里，我们使用由密钥的MMP活化等MMP-2，-3探针，-9和-13和描述的成像协议用于RA MMP活性的近红外荧光的OI和对照小鼠6天疾病诱导后以及如急性（1X挑战）和慢性（5次挑战）在右耳CHR比健康耳朵的小鼠。

为了在初始的BALB / c小鼠中诱导类风湿性关节炎（RA），在第0天将动物与GPI自动抗体（1×1稀释，1x PBS）腹腔注射。该GPI-血清诱导的最大炎症（踝肿胀） RA模型是在第6天后注射11 。因此，制备2nmol的可激活的OI染料，并在注射后第24天（第6天）将iv注射到关节炎小鼠和健康对照动物的尾静脉中，小鼠被麻醉并按照第3节（ 图1A ）。 <p cl...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Non-invasive In Vivo Fluorescence Optical Imaging of Inflammatory MMP Activity Using an Activatable Fluorescent Imaging Agent at JoVE.com

Non-invasive In Vivo Fluorescence Optical Imaging of Inflammatory MMP Activity Using an Activatable Fluorescent Imaging Agent

本文阐述了荧光成像的使用可活化的光学成像探针可视化键基质金属蛋白酶的体内活性在炎症的两个不同的实验模型中的应用。

无创<em&gt;体内</em炎性MMP活性的使用可激活荧光成像剂&gt;荧光光学成像

This paper describes a non-invasive method for imaging matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-activity by an activatable fluorescent probe, via in vivo ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Non-invasive In Vivo Fluorescence Optical Imaging of Inflammatory MMP Activity Using an Activatable Fluorescent Imaging Agent

Non-invasive Imaging of Leukocyte Homing and Migration in vivo

Non-invasive Imaging of Leukocyte Homing and Migration in vivo

白细胞的归位和迁移的非侵入性的成像在体内</em

Two-photon (2P) microscopy is a high resolution imaging technique that has been broadly adapted by biologists.  The value of 2P microscopy is that it ...

科研

免疫与感染

Use of an Optical Trap for Study of Host-Pathogen Interactions for Dynamic Live Cell Imaging

动态活细胞成像的宿主 - 病原体相互作用的研究使用的光学陷阱

Dynamic live cell imaging allows direct visualization of real-time interactions between cells of the immune system1, 2; however, the lack of spatial and ...

Bioluminescence Imaging of NADPH Oxidase Activity in Different Animal Models

生物发光成像的NADPH氧化酶活性在不同的动物模型

NADPH oxidase is a critical enzyme that mediates antibacterial and antifungal host defense. In addition to its role in antimicrobial host defense, NADPH ...

Non-invasive Imaging of Disseminated Candidiasis in Zebrafish Larvae

播散性念珠菌在斑马鱼幼虫的非侵入性成像

Disseminated candidiasis caused by the pathogen Candida albicans is a clinically important problem in hospitalized individuals and is associated with a 30 ...

Bioluminescent Bacterial Imaging In Vivo

Bioluminescent Bacterial Imaging In Vivo

生物发光细菌成像<em在体内</em

This video describes the use of whole body bioluminesce imaging (BLI) for the study of bacterial trafficking in live mice, with an emphasis on the use of ...

Non-invasive Optical Imaging of the Lymphatic Vasculature of a Mouse

非侵入性光学成像淋巴血管的鼠标

The lymphatic  vascular system is an important component of the circulatory system that  maintains fluid homeostasis, provides immune surveillance, and ...

In vivo Imaging Method to Distinguish Acute and Chronic Inflammation

In vivo Imaging Method to Distinguish Acute and Chronic Inflammation

在体内成像方法区分急性和慢性炎症

Inflammation is a fundamental aspect of many human diseases. In this video report, we demonstrate non-invasive bioluminescence imaging techniques that ...

Non-invasive Imaging of the Innate Immune Response in a Zebrafish Larval Model of Streptococcus iniae Infection

Non-invasive Imaging of the Innate Immune Response in a Zebrafish Larval Model of Streptococcus iniae Infection

先天免疫反应中的斑马鱼幼体型号无创成像<em&gt;链球菌iniae</em&gt;感染

The aquatic pathogen, Streptococcus iniae, is responsible for over 100 million dollars in annual losses for the aquaculture industry and is capable of ...

Murine Lymphocyte Labeling by 64Cu-Antibody Receptor Targeting for In Vivo Cell Trafficking by PET/CT

Murine Lymphocyte Labeling by 64Cu-Antibody Receptor Targeting for In Vivo  Cell Trafficking by PET/CT

小鼠淋巴细胞通过标签<sup&gt; 64</sup&gt;的Cu-抗体受体靶向用于<em&gt;体内</em&gt;由PET / CT细胞运输

This protocol illustrates the production of 64Cu and the chelator conjugation/radiolabeling of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) followed by murine lymphocyte ...

An IL-8 Transiently Transgenized Mouse Model for the In Vivo Long-term Monitoring of Inflammatory Responses

An IL-8 Transiently Transgenized Mouse Model for the In Vivo Long-term Monitoring of Inflammatory Responses

IL-8瞬时转化的小鼠模型<em&gt;体内</em&gt;长期监测炎症反应

Airway inflammation is often associated with bacterial infections and represents a major determinant of lung disease. The in vivo determination of the ...