Name: psychophysiological assessment of the effectiveness of emotion regulation strategies in childhood
Uploaded: 2017-02-11T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood at JoVE.com

We thank the children and families who have participated in our studies and the research assistants of the Emotion Regulation Lab for their assistance with data collection and coding.

BEMÆRK: Universitetets institutionelle Review Board godkendte alle procedurer før ansættelse eller indsamling af data med menneskelige forsøgspersoner begyndte. Forældre giver informeret samtykke for børns deltagelse, og børn giver verbal (eller, mundtligt og skriftligt, hvis ældre end 7 år) samtykke til at deltage i disse aktiviteter. 1. Tilfældigt Tildel Deltagerne Eksperimentel Betingelser <ol><li> Test effekten af ​​to forskellige følelser og to forskellige følelser regulering strategi inst...

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Kritiske trin i protokollen Effektivt fremkalde negative følelser og instruere børn at bruge specifikke strategier følelser regulering er de kritiske skridt i protokollen. Ændringer og fejlfinding Film klip skal vælges (og testet pilot) til at være alderssvarende givet den aldersgruppe pågældende at sikre, at de vække målet følelser af interesse for de angivne aldersgrupper. Forskere skal også sørge for at sørge for, at børne...

Børn oplever negative følelser som sorg og frygt hver dag. Som de udvikles og modnes, børn lærer regulatoriske strategier, der tillader dem at håndtere en bred vifte af stressfaktorer og udfordringer til at tilpasse sig verden. Deres følelser regulering repertoire udvider sig, og ændringer i sammensætningen fra primært adfærdsmæssige strategier til at omfatte mere kognitive strategier 1. Ved udgangen af midterste barndom, børn regulere deres følelser ved hjælp af både kognitive og adfærdsmæssige strategier 2. Forståelse af effektiv regulering eller styring af uønskede negative følelser er blevet stadig mere interessant at udviklingsmæssige forskere i de seneste år. Denne interesse er drevet dels af forskning forbinder følelser regulering processer med en masse sociale, følelsesmæssige og kognitive udfald med betydelige konsekvenser for børns dagligdag (f.eks akademisk præstation 3, venskaber 5). Den her beskrevne metode fokuserer på to strategier kognitive følelser regulering, der har modtaget broderparten af ​​empiriske opmærksomhed til dato: revurdering og distraktion. Undersøgelser udført med voksne har vist revurdering og distraktion er effektive metoder til at lindre følelser 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11. Reappraisal, hvilket indebærer at ændre eller reframing hvordan man fortolker en følelse eller problem, har vist sig at være effektive til at reducere intensiteten af negative følelser i skolebørn 12, 13. Distraktion, i modsætning involverer skiftende hvad man tænker på, såsom når et barn ved at modtage et vaccine tænker i stedet for is de vil nyde med deres forældre bagefter. Børn kan også begynde at bruge disse kognitive strategier til at regulere negative følelser effektivt, fra helt ned til 5 - 6 år 14. De teoretiske og praktiske udfordringer i studere Emotion forordning Følelsesmæssig reaktivitet og lovgivningsprocesser er flettet sammen, tovejs, og iterativ 15, 16. Således er en central konceptuel udfordring for udviklingsmæssige forskere er at identificere og ansætte metoder, der meningsfuldt skelner mellem følelser reagerer og lovgivningsmæssige processer. Den her beskrevne fremgangsmåde er af den opfattelse af følelser som reguleret (i modsætning til følelser som regulere) 15. Emotion regulering er defineret som processen med at ændre en erfaren emotion 17 på måder, der ændrer intensiteten, Varighed og / eller valens af følelser 18. Trods lovende adfærdsmæssige tegn på, at kognitive følelser regulering strategier som distraktion og revurdering reducere negative følelser 14, der er mange begrænsninger for den fremherskende selvrapportering eller observationsstudier metoder, der begrænser de konklusioner, der kan drages fra eksisterende empiriske studier, især med unge børn. For eksempel, selvrapportering af følelsesmæssig oplevelse er underlagt unøjagtigheder og efterspørgsel karakteristika. Selvom adfærdsmæssige observation (fx af ansigtsudtryk) til indeks følelsesmæssige reaktion er angiveligt mere objektiv end selvrapportering, observation er stadig genstand for automatiske og eksplicitte regulatoriske processer, der maskerer eller skjule den sande oplevelse af angst eller negative følelser. For at løse disse begrebsmæssige og metodiske problemstillinger, dette papir beskriver en metode til at undersøge virkningerne af følelser regulering strategies på børns efterfølgende psykofysiologi der giver forskerne til mere klart skelne mellem reaktivitet til og aktiv regulering af negative følelser. Denne eksperimentelle paradigme for at fremkalde negative følelser og vurdere konsekvenserne af forskellige instrueret følelser regulering strategier giver en tilgang, der kan bruges med børn af en bred vifte af aldre, unge eller voksne. Psykofysiologi er en ikke-invasiv Indeks over Emotion forordning Respiratory Sinus Arytmi (RSA) er en almindeligt anvendt indeks for parasympatisk cardiac psykofysiologi, og har vist sig som en vigtig korrelat af børns følelser regulerende evne 19, 20. RSA er afledt af målingen af puls variation (kontrolleret af efferente fibre af vagusnerven) inden for den respiratoriske cyklus 21, 22<html> . Høj baseline RSA indikerer bedre følelsesmæssig regulering og socio-emotionelle kompetencer 21, mens lavere baseline RSA er knyttet til negative socio-emotionelle udfald 23. Baseline RSA afspejler systemets regulerende kapacitet til at reagere på stress, mens ændringer i RSA fra baseline niveauer under forhold med udfordring (RSA reaktivitet) muliggøre større sympatisk indflydelse og mobilisering af ressourcer. Denne proces afspejler et skift væk fra homeostatiske krav til lettelse af vedvarende opmærksomhed, adfærdsmæssige selvregulering, og generering af mestringsstrategier til at styre affektive eller adfærdsmæssige ophidselse 20, 26. RSA reaktivitet til udfordrende lab opgaver er forbundet med bedre følelse regulatoriske evner og generel adaptiv funktion, herunder mindre negativ emotionalitet og risiko for adfærdsmæssige problemer og bedre vedvarende opmærksomhed 21,ass = &quot;xref&quot;&gt; 23, 24, 25, 26, 27. RSA reaktivitet over for udfordring kan beskrives som stigende (RSA augmentation) eller faldende (RSA suppression) parasympatiske indflydelse. Fleksibiliteten med hvilken parasympatiske indflydelse hjertet reguleres tværs kontekster menes at ligge til grund adaptive følelser regulering. Faktisk ændringer i børns RSA amplituder under en række udfordrende opgaver forudsige deres følelsesmæssige regulering dygtighed 28. RSA er lydhør i følelsesmæssigt udfordrende sammenhænge også. For eksempel er RSA undertrykkelse (et fald fra baseline niveau til opgave niveau) er forbundet med at opleve frygt og sorg, men augmentation (stigning fra baseline til opgave) er knyttet til en effektiv regulering af følelser, når sorg og frygt er fremkaldt via filmklip 29, </sup&gt; 30. Tidligere arbejde, der har udnyttet nytten af denne ikke-invasiv metode til at vurdere in vivo følelser regulering processer har vist, hvordan børns brug af specifikke strategier kognitive følelser regulering forudsagt RSA reaktivitet mens de ser emotion-fremkalde videoer 31. Dette papir beskriver en roman eksperimentel paradigme, der bruger de fysiologiske mønstre forbundet med aktiv følelser regulering til indeks regulerende evne, der giver en innovativ metode til at analysere den erfaring og regulering af negative følelser.

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psychophysiological assessment of the effectiveness of emotion regulation strategies in childhood

Effective regulation of emotion is one of the most important skills that develops in childhood. Research interest in this area is expanding, but empirical work has been limited by predominantly correlational investigations of children's skills. Relatedly, a key conceptual challenge for emotion scientists is to distinguish between emotion responding and emotion regulatory processes. This paper presents a novel method to address these conceptual and methodological issues in child samples. An experimental paradigm that assesses the effectiveness with which children regulate emotion is described. Children are randomly assigned to use specific emotion regulation strategies, negative emotions are elicited with film clips, and changes in subsequent psychophysiology index the extent to which emotion regulation is effective. Children are instructed to simply watch the emotion-eliciting film (control), distract themselves from negative emotions (cognitive distraction), or reframe the situation in a way that downplays the importance of the emotional event (cognitive reappraisal). Cardiac physiology, continuously acquired before and during the emotional task, serves as an objective measure of children's unfolding emotional responding while viewing evocative films. Key comparisons in patterns of obtained physiological reactivity are between the control and emotion regulation strategy conditions. Representative results from this approach are described, and discussion focuses on the contribution of this methodological approach to developmental science.

Som vist i figur 2 og 3, et typisk resultat er, at instruere børn bruge kognitive strategier følelse regulering resulterer i et andet mønster af RSA-reaktivitet end blot at se den følelsesmæssige film (Control). Dette understøtter ideen om, at vejledningen til at regulere negative følelser ved hjælp distraktion eller revurdering giver anledning til forskellige mønstre af fysiologiske svare under et følelsesmæssigt udfordrende opgave, da forske...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood at JoVE.com

Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood

En detaljeret protokol for en eksperimentel paradigme at vurdere effektiviteten, hvormed børn regulere følelser beskrives. Børn er randomiseret til at bruge bestemte følelser regulering strategier, negative følelser er fremkaldt med filmklip, og ændringer i den efterfølgende psykofysiologi indeks, i hvilket omfang følelser regulering er effektiv.

Psykofysiologisk Vurdering af effektiviteten af ​​Emotion forordning Strategier i Childhood

Effective regulation of emotion is one of the most important skills that develops in childhood. Research interest in this area is expanding, but empirical ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

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The main goal of this study was to assess the usability of a tablet-computer-based application (EmoCogMeter) in investigating the effects of age on ...

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Age related decline in balance performance is associated with deteriorating muscle strength, motor coordination and vestibular function. While a number of ...

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The current study presented 60 people with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and 60 controls with isolated facial emotion expressions, isolated vocal emotion ...

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Diagnostic ultrasound imaging has been a common tool in medical practice for several decades. It provides a safe and effective method for imaging ...

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Valid and efficient measures for assessing the quality of parent-child relationships are needed to facilitate research and evidence-based practice with ...

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Sexual behavior is highly species-specific. Although rodents have slightly different sexual behaviors, mice and rats have a similar sexual behavioral ...

Psykofysiologisk Vurdering af effektiviteten af ​​Emotion forordning Strategier i Childhood

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