Name: an anesthesia, surgery, and harvest method for the evaluation of transpedicular screws using an in vivo porcine lumbar spine model
Uploaded: 2017-05-31T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Anesthesia, Surgery, and Harvest Method for the Evaluation of Transpedicular Screws Using an In Vivo Porcine Lumbar Spine Model at JoVE.com

이 연구는 전북 대학교 의과 대학 생물 의학 연구소 (CNUH-BRI)가 후원하는 보조금 (CNUH-BRI-2012-02-005)의 지원을 받았다.

전북 대학교 동물성 동물 관리 및 이용위원회는이 연구를 승인했다. 동물의 치료, 사용 및 취급은 모든 지침과 정책을 따랐습니다. 24 ° C에서 수술실을 유지하십시오. 1. 마취 <ol><li> 최소 1 주일 동안 실험군에서 12 개월 된 소형 돼지를 순화하십시오. 호흡 수, 심장 박동수 및 체온을 측정하여 임상 검사를 수행하십시오. 마취 수술 12 시간 전에 각 소형 돼지를 먹이지 마십시...

<ol>
	<li>Greenfield, R. T., Grant, R. E., Bryant, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pedicle+screw+fixation+in+the+management+of+unstable+thoracolumbar+spine+injuries.">Pedicle screw fixation in the management of unstable thoracolumbar spine injuries.</a> Orthop Rev. 21 (6), 701-706 (1992).</li><li>Upasani, V. V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pedicle+screw+surface+coatings+improve+fixation+in+nonfusion+spinal+constructs.">Pedicle screw surface coatings improve fixation in nonfusion spinal constructs.</a> Spine. 34 (4), 335-343 (2009).</li><li>Halvorson, T. L., Kelley, L. A., Thomas, K. A., Whitecloud, T. S., Cook, S. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+bone+mineral+density+on+pedicle+screw+fixation.">Effects of bone mineral density on pedicle screw fixation.</a> Spine. 19 (21), 2415-2420 (1994).</li><li>Weinstein, J. N., Spratt, K. F., Spengler, D., Brick, C., Reid, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spinal+pedicle+fixation:+reliability+and+validity+of+roentgenogram-based+assessment+and+surgical+factors+on+successful+screw+placement.">Spinal pedicle fixation: reliability and validity of roentgenogram-based assessment and surgical factors on successful screw placement.</a> Spine. 13 (9), 1012-1018 (1988).</li><li>Fini, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biological+assessment+of+the+bone-screw+interface+after+insertion+of+uncoated+and+hydroxyapatite-coated+pedicular+screws+in+the+osteopenic+sheep.">Biological assessment of the bone-screw interface after insertion of uncoated and hydroxyapatite-coated pedicular screws in the osteopenic sheep.</a> J Biomed Mater Res A. 66 (1), 176-183 (2003).</li><li>Kim, D. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+Titanium-Coated+Pedicle+Screws:+In+Vivo+Porcine+Lumbar+Spine+Model.">Evaluation of Titanium-Coated Pedicle Screws: In Vivo Porcine Lumbar Spine Model.</a> World Neurosurg. 91, 163-171 (2016).</li><li>Upasani, V. V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pedicle+screw+surface+coatings+improve+fixation+in+nonfusion+spinal+constructs.">Pedicle screw surface coatings improve fixation in nonfusion spinal constructs.</a> Spine. 34 (4), 335-343 (2009).</li><li>Smit, T. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+use+of+a+quadrupted+as+an+in+vivo+model+for+the+study+of+the+spine-biomechanical+considrations.">The use of a quadrupted as an in vivo model for the study of the spine-biomechanical considrations.</a> Eur Spine J. 11 (2), 137-144 (2002).</li><li>Aldini, N. N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pedicular+fixation+in+the+osteoporotic+spine:+a+pilot+in+vivo+study+on+long-term+ovariectomized+sheep.">Pedicular fixation in the osteoporotic spine: a pilot in vivo study on long-term ovariectomized sheep.</a> J Orthop Res. 20 (6), 1217-1224 (2002).</li><li>Fini, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biological+assessment+of+the+bone-screw+interface+after+insertion+of+uncoated+and+hydroxyapatite-coated+pedicular+screws+in+the+osteopenic+sheep.">Biological assessment of the bone-screw interface after insertion of uncoated and hydroxyapatite-coated pedicular screws in the osteopenic sheep.</a> J Biomed Mater Res A. 66 (1), 176-183 (2003).</li><li>Branemark, R., Ohrnell, L. O., Skalak, R., Carlsson, L., Branemark, P. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biomechanical+characterization+of+osseointegration:+an+experimental+in+vivo+investigation+in+the+beagle+dog.">Biomechanical characterization of osseointegration: an experimental in vivo investigation in the beagle dog.</a> J Orthop Res. 16 (1), 61-69 (1998).</li><li>McLain, R. F., Yerby, S. A., Moseley, T. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparative+morphometry+of+L4+vertebrae:+comparison+of+large+animal+models+for+the+human+lumbar+spine.">Comparative morphometry of L4 vertebrae: comparison of large animal models for the human lumbar spine.</a> Spine. 27 (8), E200-E206 (2002).</li><li>Giavaresi, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+preclinical+evaluation+of+the+influence+of+osteoporosis+on+the+anchorage+of+different+pedicle+screw+designs.">In vivo preclinical evaluation of the influence of osteoporosis on the anchorage of different pedicle screw designs.</a> Eur Spine J. 20 (8), 1289-1296 (2011).</li><li>Hasegawa, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hydroxyapatite-coating+of+pedicle+screws+improves+resistance+against+pull-out+force+in+the+osteoporotic+canine+lumbar+spine+model:+a+pilot+study.">Hydroxyapatite-coating of pedicle screws improves resistance against pull-out force in the osteoporotic canine lumbar spine model: a pilot study.</a> Spine J. 5 (3), 239-243 (2005).</li><li>Smorgick, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-+versus+multilevel+fusion+for+single-level+degenerative+spondylolisthesis+and+multilevel+lumbar+stenosis:+four-year+results+of+the+spine+patient+outcomes+research+trial.">Single- versus multilevel fusion for single-level degenerative spondylolisthesis and multilevel lumbar stenosis: four-year results of the spine patient outcomes research trial.</a> Spine. 38 (10), 797-805 (2013).</li><li>Busscher, I., Ploegmakers, J. J., Verkerke, G. J., Veldhuizen, A. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparative+anatomical+dimensions+of+the+complete+human+and+porcine+spine.">Comparative anatomical dimensions of the complete human and porcine spine.</a> Eur Spine J. 19 (7), 1104-1114 (2010).</li></ol>

돼지 척추의 경정맥 나사의 평가에는 많은 시간과 노력이 요구됩니다. 첫째, 소형 돼지는 큰 동물입니다. 동물 관리 및 마취를 위해 연구원은 전문적인 프로토콜이 필요합니다. 둘째, 수술은 인간의 수술과 비슷한 환경을 유지해야합니다. 돼지 척추에서 척추 경 나사를 평가하는 목적은 인간에게 적용 할 수있는 효율적인 나사를 개발하는 것입니다. 셋째, 척추 경 나사의 장기 안정성을 평가하는 ...

Transpedicular screw fixation is a gold-standard treatment for degenerative lumbar spine and bursting fracture because it involves three columns of the spine and achieves stabilization1,2. However, most patients who undergo such surgery also have osteoporosis3,4. Many studies have evaluated the fixation strength and the osseointegration status of transpedicular screws, because the loosening of pedicle screws currently in use has been reported in patients with osteoporosis5,6.
The porcine spine is similar to the human spine in terms of size. It is less expensive compared to a primate model7. Furthermore, an in vivo mechanical study has demonstrated that the quadruped porcine spine is essentially loaded in the same way as that of the human spine8, which is why many researchers use porcine spines for studies on the prevention of pedicle screw loosening. However, it takes several months to study pedicle screws in the porcine spine because identifying the long-term stability of pedicle screws takes times. In order to compare different types of screws in the vertebral body, it is necessary to insert the screws in similar positions. Therefore, researchers should be well-acquainted with proper anesthesia techniques, standardized surgical protocols, and harvest procedures before performing any experiments. Here, we describe a detailed method for anesthesia, surgery, and harvest for the evaluation of pedicle screw fixation using a porcine spine model, including ex vivo imaging, histology, and strength testing.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Miniature pig</td>
			<td>OrientBio</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Atropine</td>
			<td>Jeil pharmaceutical</td>
			<td>A04900241</td>
			<td>Anesthesia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Over-the needle plastic catheter</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>REF382412</td>
			<td>Maintenance of IV line</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ketamine</td>
			<td>Yuhan</td>
			<td>A04502441</td>
			<td>Anesthesia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylazine</td>
			<td>Bayer Korea</td>
			<td>A00800071</td>
			<td>Anesthesia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laryngoscope</td>
			<td>Karl storz</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Intubation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Endotracheal tube</td>
			<td>Covidien</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Intubation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane</td>
			<td>JW pharmaceutical Co</td>
			<td>A02104781</td>
			<td>Anesthesia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Eye ointment</td>
			<td>Hanlim pharma</td>
			<td>A37851721</td>
			<td>Protection of pig&#39;s eye</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cefazolin</td>
			<td>Donga pharma</td>
			<td>A01503951</td>
			<td>Antibiotics</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Saline</td>
			<td>JW pharmaceutical Co</td>
			<td>A02151392</td>
			<td>Maintenance of fluid homeostasis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fentanyl</td>
			<td>Hana pharm</td>
			<td>C03200032</td>
			<td>Pain control</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Enrofloxacin</td>
			<td>Bayer</td>
			<td>93106-60-6&#160;</td>
			<td>Antibiotics</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Morphine</td>
			<td>Myungmoon pharma</td>
			<td>C03700091</td>
			<td>Pain control</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Meloxicam</td>
			<td>Boehringer Ingelheim</td>
			<td>A07600711</td>
			<td>Antibiotics</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Povidone-iodine</td>
			<td>Hyundai pharma</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Wound dressing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scalpel blade size 15</td>
			<td>Braun</td>
			<td>&#160;I1 BB515</td>
			<td>Skin incision</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cobb elevator</td>
			<td>Codman</td>
			<td>65-2546</td>
			<td>Dissection of muscle</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Burr</td>
			<td>Medtronic</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Making of starting point of screw</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rongeur</td>
			<td>Aesculap</td>
			<td>FO515R</td>
			<td>Making of starting point of screw</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Guide pin (K-wire)</td>
			<td>CE</td>
			<td>01067803</td>
			<td>Guidance of screw trajectory</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>C-arm</td>
			<td>GE</td>
			<td>OEC 9800 plus</td>
			<td>Guidance of screw trajectory</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Portable X-ray</td>
			<td>Siemens</td>
			<td>Mobile XP hybrid</td>
			<td>Guidance of screw trajectory</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pedicle probe</td>
			<td>OtisBiotech</td>
			<td>SPI-02-01</td>
			<td>Guidance of screw trajectory</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pedicle sounding device</td>
			<td>OtisBiotech</td>
			<td>SPI-03-01</td>
			<td>Guidance of screw trajectory</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pedicle screw</td>
			<td>OtisBiotech</td>
			<td>MS-40025</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Posterior fixator systems</td>
			<td>OtisBiotech</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rod&#160;</td>
			<td>OtisBiotech</td>
			<td>ROD-60140</td>
			<td>Rigid fixation between screws</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Universal handle</td>
			<td>OtisBiotech</td>
			<td>SPI-08-01</td>
			<td>To fix the screws to the rod</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Straight socket wrench</td>
			<td>OtisBiotech</td>
			<td>SPI-06-01</td>
			<td>To fix the screws to the rod</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>counter torque wrench</td>
			<td>OtisBiotech</td>
			<td>SPI-07-01</td>
			<td>To fix the screws to the rod</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bulb irrigation syringe</td>
			<td>Hyupsug medical</td>
			<td>HS-IR-140</td>
			<td>Irrigation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Silicone drain</td>
			<td>Sewon medical</td>
			<td>2205-006</td>
			<td>To drain the fluid at the surgical site</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3.0 metric absorbable suture</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>BA1673H</td>
			<td>Muscle suture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2.0 metric nonabsorbable nylon suture</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>W1626T</td>
			<td>Skin suture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gauze</td>
			<td>Kingphar Korea</td>
			<td>KP120-06</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pentobarbital</td>
			<td>Hanlim pharma</td>
			<td>645301221</td>
			<td>Euthanasia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Oscillating saw</td>
			<td>Zimmer</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Harvest spine</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tower forceps</td>
			<td>Aesculap</td>
			<td>BF461R</td>
			<td>Harvest spine</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

an anesthesia, surgery, and harvest method for the evaluation of transpedicular screws using an in vivo porcine lumbar spine model

척추 경 나사 고정은 척추 질환의 치료에있어 가장 중요한 표준입니다. 그러나 척추 수술 후 척추 경 나사못을 느슨하게하는 문제에 대한 많은 연구가있어 심각한 문제입니다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 다양한 유형의 척추 경 나사못을 검사하여 척추골에서 좋은 고정 강도와 골 유착을 가진 환자를 확인했습니다. 돼지 척추는 해부학 적 크기, 기계적 특성 및 비용으로 인해 척추 경 나사의 평가에서 인간의 척추에 대한 좋은 대안입니다. 여러 연구에 따르면 척추 모형이 돼지 모형에서 효율적이라는보고가 있지만, 돼지 모형을 사용한 척추 경 나사 평가에 대한 자세한 프로토콜은 아직 없습니다. 여기, 우리 는 생체 내 돼지 허리 받침 모델을 사용하여 Transedicular 나사를 평가하기위한 상세한 방법을 설명합니다. 여기에 제공된 마취, 척추 수술 및 수확에 대한 기술 세부 정보는 t경 나사못 고정 모델.

생체 내 돼지 허리 받침 모델을 사용하여 Transedicular screw를 평가하기위한 마취, 수술 및 수확을위한 자세한 프로토콜이 여기에 설명되어 있습니다. 이 프로토콜은 기계적 테스트 ( 그림 1 ), 정량적 마이크로 CT 평가 ( 그림 2 ) 및 조직학 ( 그림 3 )을 포함한 여러 가지 다운 스트림 분석에 적합합니다. 대표적인 기계적 시험 ( <strong...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Anesthesia, Surgery, and Harvest Method for the Evaluation of Transpedicular Screws Using an In Vivo Porcine Lumbar Spine Model at JoVE.com

An Anesthesia, Surgery, and Harvest Method for the Evaluation of Transpedicular Screws Using an In Vivo Porcine Lumbar Spine Model

여기에서는 생체 내 돼지 허리 받침 모델을 사용하여 경정맥 나사를 평가하는 방법을 소개합니다.

수술 용 나사를 이용한 마취, 수술 및 수확 방법<em&gt; In Vivo</em&gt; 돼지의 허리 척추 모델

Pedicle screw fixation is the gold standard for the treatment of spinal diseases. However, many studies have reported the issue of loosening pedicle ...

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An Anesthesia, Surgery, and Harvest Method for the Evaluation of Transpedicular Screws Using an In Vivo Porcine Lumbar Spine Model

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In Vivo Evaluation of Fracture Callus Development During Bone Healing in Mice Using an MRI-compatible Osteosynthesis Device for the Mouse Femur

In Vivo Evaluation of Fracture Callus Development During Bone Healing in Mice Using an MRI-compatible Osteosynthesis Device for the Mouse Femur

Vivo에서 골절 뼈 쥐 마우스 대 퇴 골에 대 한 MRI-호환 Osteosynthesis 장치를 사용 하 여 치료 기간 동안 굳은 살 개발의 평가

Endochondral fracture healing is a complex process involving the development of fibrous, cartilaginous, and osseous tissue in the fracture callus. The ...

An Ex Vivo Tissue Culture Model for Fibrovascular Complications in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

증식 성 당뇨 망막 증에 Fibrovascular 합병증에 대 한 전 비보 조직 문화 모델

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes and one of the leading causes of blindness in working-age adults. No ...

A Pre-Clinical Porcine Model of Orthotopic Heart Transplantation

정형외 심장 이식의 전 임상 돼지 모델

Fifty-years following the first successful report, cardiac transplantation remains the gold-standard treatment for eligible patients with advanced heart ...

An In Vivo Mouse Model of Total Intravenous Anesthesia During Cancer Resection Surgery

An In Vivo Mouse Model of Total Intravenous Anesthesia During Cancer Resection Surgery

암 절제 수술 중 전체 정맥 마취의 생체 내 마우스 모델

Anesthesia is a routine component of cancer care that is used for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. The anesthetic technique has recently been ...

Establishment and Evaluation of a Porcine Vein Graft Disease Model

돼지 정맥 이식 질환 모델의 수립 및 평가

Venous graft disease (VGD) is the leading cause of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) failure. Large animal models of CABG-VGD are needed for the ...

3D Printing Model of a Patient's Specific Lumbar Vertebra

환자의 특정 요추의 3D 프린팅 모델

Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) is a difficult, risky, and sophisticated operation, in which a laminectomy should not only expose an adequate surgical ...

3D Reconstruction for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Nodules

A 3D Digital Model for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Nodules

A 3D Digital Model for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Nodules (Video) | JoVE 

폐 결절의 진단 및 치료를 위한 3D 디지털 모델

The three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of pulmonary nodules using medical images has introduced new technical approaches for diagnosing and treating ...