Name: measuring neuromuscular junction functionality
Uploaded: 2017-08-06T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measuring Neuromuscular Junction Functionality at JoVE.com

Yazarların laboratuvar çalışmalarında Fondazione Roma ve televizyon dizisi tarafından (Hayır ver. desteklenmiştir GGP14066).

All the animal experiments were approved by the ethics committee of Sapienza University of Rome-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology and were performed in accordance with the current version of the Italian Law on the Protection of Animals.
1. Experimental set-up
<ol>
	<li>Set-up the experimental system composed of 1 actuator/transducer, 2 stimulators, 1 in-vitro muscle apparatus, 1 preparatory tissue bath, 1 suction electrode, 1 digital oscilloscope, 1 stereomicroscope, 1 cold l...

<ol>
	<li>Dadon-Nachum, M., Melamed, E., Offen, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+&amp;#34;dying-back&amp;#34;+phenomenon+of+motor+neurons+in+ALS.">The &amp;#34;dying-back&amp;#34; phenomenon of motor neurons in ALS.</a> J Mol Neurosci. 43 (3), 470-477 (2011).</li><li>Dobrowolny, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Skeletal+Muscle+Is+a+Primary+Target+of+SOD1G93A-Mediated+Toxicity.">Skeletal Muscle Is a Primary Target of SOD1G93A-Mediated Toxicity.</a> Cell Metab. 8 (5), 425-436 (2008).</li><li>Mantilla, C. B., Zhan, W. Z., Sieck, G. 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B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structure-activity+relationships+in+rodent+diaphragm+muscle+fibers+vs.+neuromuscular+junctions.">Structure-activity relationships in rodent diaphragm muscle fibers vs. neuromuscular junctions.</a> Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 180 (1), 88-96 (2012).</li><li>Van Lunteren, E., Moyer, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+DAP+on+diaphragm+force+and+fatigue,+including+fatigue+due+to+neurotransmission+failure.">Effects of DAP on diaphragm force and fatigue, including fatigue due to neurotransmission failure.</a> J Appl Physiol. 81 (5), 2214-2220 (1996).</li><li>Van Lunteren, E., Moyer, M., Kaminski, H. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adverse+effects+of+myasthenia+gravis+on+rat+phrenic+diaphragm+contractile+performance.">Adverse effects of myasthenia gravis on rat phrenic diaphragm contractile performance.</a> J Appl Physiol. 97 (3), 895-901 (2004).</li><li>Lee, Y., Mikesh, M., Smith, I., Rimer, M., Thompson, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Muscles+in+a+mouse+model+of+spinal+muscular+atrophy+show+profound+defects+in+neuromuscular+development+even+in+the+absence+of+failure+in+neuromuscular+transmission+or+loss+of+motor+neurons.">Muscles in a mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy show profound defects in neuromuscular development even in the absence of failure in neuromuscular transmission or loss of motor neurons.</a> Dev Biol. 356 (2), 432-444 (2011).</li><li>Personius, K. E., Sawyer, R. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Variability+and+failure+of+neurotransmission+in+the+diaphragm+of+mdx+mice.">Variability and failure of neurotransmission in the diaphragm of mdx mice.</a> Neuromuscular Disord. 16 (3), 168-177 (2006).</li><li>R&#246;der, I. V., Petersen, Y., Choi, K. R., Witzemann, V., Hammer, J. A., Rudolf, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Role+of+myosin+Va+in+the+plasticity+of+the+vertebrate+neuromuscular+junction+in+vivo.">Role of myosin Va in the plasticity of the vertebrate neuromuscular junction in vivo.</a> PLoS ONE. 3 (12), e3871 (2008).</li><li>Chevessier, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+mouse+model+for+congenital+myasthenic+syndrome+due+to+MuSK+mutations+reveals+defects+in+structure+and+function+of+neuromuscular+junctions.">A mouse model for congenital myasthenic syndrome due to MuSK mutations reveals defects in structure and function of neuromuscular junctions.</a> Hum Mol Genet. 17 (22), 3577-3595 (2008).</li><li>Farchi, N., Soreq, H., Hochner, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chronic+acetylcholinesterase+overexpression+induces+multilevelled+aberrations+in+mouse+neuromuscular+physiology.">Chronic acetylcholinesterase overexpression induces multilevelled aberrations in mouse neuromuscular physiology.</a> J Physiol. 546 (1), 165-173 (2002).</li><li>Kuei, J. H., Shadmehr, R., Sieck, G. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Relative+contribution+of+neurotransmission+failure+to+diaphragm+fatigue.">Relative contribution of neurotransmission failure to diaphragm fatigue.</a> J Appl Physiol (Bethesda, Md: 1985). 68 (1), 174-180 (1990).</li><li>Del Prete, Z., Musar&#242;, A., Rizzuto, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Measuring+mechanical+properties,+including+isotonic+fatigue,+of+fast+and+slow+MLC/mIgf-1+transgenic+skeletal+muscle.">Measuring mechanical properties, including isotonic fatigue, of fast and slow MLC/mIgf-1 transgenic skeletal muscle.</a> Ann Biomed Eng. 36 (7), 1281-1290 (2008).</li><li>Lynch, G. S., Hinkle, R. T., Chamberlain, J. S., Brooks, S. V., Faulkner, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Force+and+power+output+of+fast+and+slow+skeletal+muscles+from+mdx+mice+6-28+months+old.">Force and power output of fast and slow skeletal muscles from mdx mice 6-28 months old.</a> J Physiol. 535 (2), 591-600 (2001).</li><li>Brooks, S. V., Faulkner, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Contractile+properties+of+skeletal+muscles+from+young,+adult+and+aged+mice.">Contractile properties of skeletal muscles from young, adult and aged mice.</a> J Physiol. 404, 71-82 (1988).</li><li>Lynch, G. S., Hinkle, R. T., Faulkner, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Force+and+power+output+of+diaphragm+muscle+strips+from+mdx+and+control+mice+after+clenbuterol+treatment.">Force and power output of diaphragm muscle strips from mdx and control mice after clenbuterol treatment.</a> Neuromuscul Disord. 11 (2), 192-196 (2001).</li><li>Rizzuto, E., Pisu, S., Musar, A., Del Prete, Z. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Measuring+Neuromuscular+Junction+Functionality+in+the+SOD1+G93A+Animal+Model+of+Amyotrophic+Lateral+Sclerosis.">Measuring Neuromuscular Junction Functionality in the SOD1 G93A Animal Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.</a> Ann Biomed Eng . 43, (2015).</li><li>Soliani, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Manuale di statistica per la ricerca e la professione statistica univariata e bivariata parametrica e non-parametrica per le discipline ambientali e biologiche. , (2004).</li><li>Gurney, M. E., Pu, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Motor+neuron+degeneration+in+mice+that+express+a+human+Cu,Zn+superoxide+dismutase+mutation.">Motor neuron degeneration in mice that express a human Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase mutation.</a> Science (New York, N.Y). 264 (5166), 1772-1775 (1994).</li></ol>

Yukarıda açıklanan deneysel protokol ölçme ve doğrudan kas veya meydana gelen herhangi bir işlevsel değişiklikler ayrımcılık dolaylı olarak nöromüsküler kavşak düzeyinde ideal bir yol sağlar. Bu teknik NMJ işlevselliği dolaylı bir ölçüm üzerinde dayalı olduğundan, herhangi bir kusur morfolojik değişiklikler veya biyokimyasal değişiklikler ile ilişkili Eğer kurmak için kullanılamaz. Buna karşılık, herhangi bir morfolojik ya da biyokimyasal değişiklikler işlevselliği sinyal neurot...

Nöromüsküler kavşak (NMJ) kas fiber motor endplate ve motor nöron axon terminal arasında bağlantı oluşturduğu bir kimyasal synapse var. Kas ve sinir arasındaki iletişim, yaşlanma veya amyotrofik lateral skleroz (ALS) gerçekleştiği sırada bozulmuş olduğunda çok önemli bir rol oynamaya NMJ gösterilmiştir. Kas ve sinir bir çift yönlü yol1,2' olarak, NMJ kusurları kas defektleri dan ayrı olarak ölçmek için güçlü olmak onların Fizyopatolojik Interplay yeni görüşler sağlayabilir. Gerçekten de, bu işlevsel değerlendirme morfolojik ya da biyokimyasal değişiklikler işlevselliği sinyal neurotransmission azaltmak değerlendirmek için yardımcı olabilir.
Kas contractile yanıt sinir stimülasyonu ve onun membran doğrudan uyarılması tarafından uyarılmış aynı kas yanıt elde edildi karşılaştırılması NMJ işlevselliği dolaylı bir ölçüm evlenme teklif etti. Gerçekten de, sinyal membran stimülasyon geçer tarafından neurotransmission beri iki contractile yanıt-e doğru tüm farklılıkları NMJ değişikliklere atfedilen. Bu yaklaşım yaygın olarak fareler3,4,5,6,7için önerilen ve ayrıca fare modelleri8tarihinde,9,10,11,12bilgi toplamak için kullanılır.
Burada, tüketim ve soleus siyatik ve diyafram frenik hazırlıkları iki kas-sinir hazırlıklar, yani sınamak için bir yordam ayrıntılı olarak açıklanmaktadır. Bir özel kullanarak yazılım, biz tasarlanmış işlevsellik, NMJ ve kas karakterize birkaç parametre ölçümü birleştirir sürekli bir test Protokolü böylece NMJ hasar kapsamlı bir değerlendirme ayrı ayrı bu kas verimli. Özellikle, protokol seğirme gücü, kas Kinetik, kuvvet-frekans eğrisi için doğrudan ve sinir elektrodlar, hem bir ateş ve tetanic sıklık ve intratetanic yorgunluk7neurotransmission başarısızlık13 ölçer.

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measuring neuromuscular junction functionality

Nöromüsküler kavşak (NMJ) işlevselliği motor nöron ve kas arasındaki iletişimi, yaşlanma ve amyotrofik lateral skleroz (ALS) gibi Engelli olduğu hastalıklar okurken çok önemli bir rol oynar. Burada iki tür elektriksel stimülasyon birleştirerek NMJ işlevselliği ölçmek için kullanılan bir deneysel protokol tarif: doğrudan kas zarı stimülasyon ve stimülasyon sinir aracılığıyla. Bu iki farklı elektrodlar kas cevaben karşılaştırılması işlev düzeyinde fonksiyonel kas düşüş yol olası değişiklikler NMJ içinde tanımlamak için yardımcı olabilir.
Ex vivo hazırlıkları iyi kontrollü çalışmalar için uygundur. Burada tarif biz kas ve NMJ işlevselliği soleus siyatik sinir hazırlık ve diyafram frenik sinir hazırlık birkaç parametrelerini ölçmek için yoğun bir iletişim kuralı. Protokol yaklaşık 60 dakika sürer ve kesintisiz bir ısmarlama aracılığıyla yapılır seğirme Kinetik özellikleri, sinir ve kas elektrodlar için güç frekanslı ilişki ve iki parametre NMJ işlevselliği için belirli Yani neurotransmission yetmezliği ve intratetanic yorgunluk ölçer yazılım. Bu metodoloji hasar soleus ve diyafram kas-sinir hazırlıkları SOD1G93A transgenik fare, ubiquitously mutant antioksidan enzim süperoksit dismutaz 1 (SOD1) overexpresses ALS deneysel bir model kullanarak bulmak için kullanıldı.

Biz açıklanan protokol fonksiyonel denervation birkaç nöromüsküler hastalıklar veya yaşlanma-mücadele hakkında bilgiler sağlar. Bu iletişim kuralı olup olmadığını (ve eğer öyleyse, hangi düzeyde) belirlemek için kullanılan kas değişiklikler çoğu kas kendisi veya nöromuskuler iletim oluşan seçici değişiklikleri nedeniyle. Aşağıda gösterilen veri amyotrofik lateral skleroz hastalığı20son aşamasında SOD1G93A transgeni...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measuring Neuromuscular Junction Functionality at JoVE.com

Measuring Neuromuscular Junction Functionality

Nöromüsküler kavşak (NMJ) işlevsel bir değerlendirilmesi sinir ve kas arasındaki iletişimi ilgili gerekli bilgileri sağlar. Burada biz kapsamlı bir şekilde kullanarak iki farklı kas-sinir hazırlıklar, yani soleus siyatik ve diyafram frenik NMJ ve kas işlevselliğini değerlendirmek için bir protokol tanımlamak.

Nöromüsküler kavşak işlevleri ölçme

Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) functionality plays a pivotal role when studying diseases in which the communication between motor neuron and muscle is ...

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Dissection and Imaging of Active Zones in the Drosophila Neuromuscular Junction

Dissection and Imaging of Active Zones in the Drosophila Neuromuscular Junction

Aktif Bölgeleri Diseksiyon ve Görüntüleme Drosophila Nöromüsküler Junction

The Drosophila  larvae neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is an excellent model for the study of synaptic structure and function. Drosophila  is well known for ...

Sequential Photo-bleaching to Delineate Single Schwann Cells at the Neuromuscular Junction

Sıralı Nöromusküler Kavşağı&#39;nda Tek Schwann Hücreleri belirginleştiren Photo-beyazlatma

Sequential photo-bleaching provides a non-invasive way to label individual SCs at the NMJ. The NMJ is the largest synapse of the mammalian nervous system ...

Dissection of the Transversus Abdominis Muscle for Whole-mount Neuromuscular Junction Analysis

Dissection of the Transversus Abdominis Muscle for Whole-mount Neuromuscular Junction Analysis

Tüm Montajlı Nöromüsküler Kavşak Analizi için Enine Abdominis Kasının Diseksiyonu

Analysis of neuromuscular junction morphology can give important insight into the physiological status of a given motor neuron. Analysis of thin flat ...

Detection of In Situ Protein-protein Complexes at the Drosophila Larval Neuromuscular Junction Using Proximity Ligation Assay

Detection of In Situ Protein-protein Complexes at the Drosophila Larval Neuromuscular Junction Using Proximity Ligation Assay

Algılama<em&gt; In Situ</emEn&gt; Protein-protein kompleksleri<em&gt; Drosophila</emProximity ligasyon Testi Kullanımı&gt; Larva Nöromüsküler Junction

Discs large (Dlg) is a conserved member of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase family, and serves as a major scaffolding protein at the larval ...

The Neuromuscular Junction: Measuring Synapse Size, Fragmentation and Changes in Synaptic Protein Density Using Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy

Nöromusküler Kavşak: Ölçme Synapse Boyut, Konfokal Floresan Mikroskobu kullanılarak sinaptik Protein Yoğunluk Parçalanma ve Değişiklikler

The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the large, cholinergic relay synapse through which mammalian motor neurons control voluntary muscle contraction. ...

Why Quantification Matters: Characterization of Phenotypes at the Drosophila Larval Neuromuscular Junction

Why Quantification Matters: Characterization of Phenotypes at the Drosophila Larval Neuromuscular Junction

En fenotip Karakterizasyonu: Niceleme Matters Neden<em&gt; Drosophila</em&gt; Larva Nöromüsküler Junction

Most studies on morphogenesis rely on qualitative descriptions of how anatomical traits are affected by the disruption of specific genes and genetic ...

Loading a Calcium Dye into Frog Nerve Endings Through the Nerve Stump: Calcium Transient Registration in the Frog Neuromuscular Junction

Kurbağa Sinir Uçlarına Sinir Kütüğü Vasıtasıyla Kalsiyum Boyası Yükleme: Kurbağa Nöromüsküler Kavşağında Kalsiyum Geçici Kayıt

One of the most feasible methods of measuring presynaptic calcium levels in presynaptic nerve terminals is optical recording. It is based on using ...

Two Algorithms for High-throughput and Multi-parametric Quantification of Drosophila Neuromuscular Junction Morphology

Two Algorithms for High-throughput and Multi-parametric Quantification of Drosophila Neuromuscular Junction Morphology

Yüksek throughput ve Çok parametrik Nicelik için iki Algoritmalar<em&gt; Drosophila</em&gt; Nöromusküler Junction Morfoloji

Synaptic morphology is tightly related to synaptic efficacy, and in many cases morphological synapse defects ultimately lead to synaptic malfunction. The ...

Focal Macropatch Recordings of Synaptic Currents from the Drosophila Larval Neuromuscular Junction

Focal Macropatch Recordings of Synaptic Currents from the Drosophila Larval Neuromuscular Junction

Drosophila larva nöromüsküler kavşak sinaptik akımlardan Fokal Macropatch kayıtları

Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is an excellent model system to study glutamatergic synaptic transmission. We describe the technique of focal ...

Preparation of the Rat Vocal Fold for Neuromuscular Analyses

Nöromüsküler Analizler için Sıçan Vokal Kıvrımının Hazırlanması

The purpose of this tutorial is to describe the preparation of the rat vocal fold for histochemical neuromuscular study. This protocol outlines procedures ...