Name: psychophysically-anchored, robust thresholding in studying pain-related lateralization of oscillatory prestimulus activity
Uploaded: 2017-01-21T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Psychophysically-anchored, Robust Thresholding in Studying Pain-related Lateralization of Oscillatory Prestimulus Activity at JoVE.com

/德国科学基金会（DFG）：该作品已被跨区域合作研究中心TRR169“适应性，预测和交互Crossmodal学习”的资助。作者感谢斯蒂芬妮盾对稿件的有益的意见。

<html>实验已通过汉堡医学协会（PV4509）的道德委员会。 1.参加者的选择<ol><li>除了标准的选择标准，如健身的疼痛刺激，头部植入物或预先存在的神经系统疾病，确保参与者不是从急性或慢性疼痛的，都没有服用任何止痛药，而且没有已知的药物滥用史。参与者也应该不会在任何药理研究期间实验前4周采取一部分。 </li><li>包括任何性别的参与者，又照顾到只包括使用激素?...

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Sci. 104 (29), 12187-12192 (2007).</li><li>Gross, J., Schnitzler, A., Timmermann, L., Ploner, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gamma+oscillations+in+human+primary+somatosensory+cortex+reflect+pain+perception.">Gamma oscillations in human primary somatosensory cortex reflect pain perception.</a> PLoS Biol. 5 (5), 1168-1173 (2007).</li><li>Ploner, M., Lee, M. C., Wiech, K., Bingel, U., Tracey, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prestimulus+functional+connectivity+determines+pain+perception+in+humans.">Prestimulus functional connectivity determines pain perception in humans.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 107 (1), 355-360 (2010).</li><li>Oertel, B. 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在这里，我们使用了好理论上成立QUEST方法能够有效地估计无疼痛和疼痛知觉之间的一个强大的心理门槛。在这道门槛。使用常刺激使独立的刺激变化幅度的感性决策的分析。虽然我们在无害和有毒的感觉结构域之间的转变点检测阈值强度，沿疼痛量表其他点（ 例如，50上的100点疼痛量表）也可以与这里提出的估计方法固定。在这些情况下，护理，必须采取以考虑在整个实验过程中习惯或?...

<html>当进行行为实验涉及人类受试者，其能够精确地控制呈现的刺激的强度是重要的。使用相同强度的刺激所有参与者，但是，将在一些设置引入主观感知的偏差。对于一些感知质量，如疼痛，有在恒定刺激水平1，2感知强度高间和个体内的变化。对于假设等于主观知觉的实验，因此，它是必要的，来匹配参与者主观感觉强度。在阈值电平检查时感知，例如疼痛和非疼痛刺激之间，这也是很重要的。心理物理学的研究已经解决了这些类型的问题了几十年，今天有可实现强大的心理锚复杂的，但易于使用的方法。 ntent“&gt;一个刺激的强度映射到一个单独的感觉幅度的简单，经典方法是阶梯方法3。据此，接连刺激的强度的增加或减少，直到有在参与者的响应有关的变化在主观感觉规模所需的阈值或位置重复的次数这一进程号，产生反转点的合理估计。经典的方法，但是，不能利用包含在每个评价试验的所有信息。这会导致不必要的需要大量的试验，以达到收敛。方法如（线性）回归或函数拟合可能会失败，如果刺激强度和感觉大小之间的关系的假设是错误的或不持有所测试的刺激范围。自适应程序不只产生了一定的主观强度稳健点估计，但这样更有效地做。贝斯LY更长实验，这在很大程度上依赖于阈值或感觉幅度准确的估计，这是必要的心理物理学方法是既坚固的同时有效地相对于所需的试验次数。这是在诸如疼痛研究，其中该总暴露于疼痛刺激应保持尽可能低的参与者的好处尤其重要。 虽然传统的楼梯方法仍然被广泛使用， 例如在定量感觉测试，即更好地利用整个试验获取的信息使用更加先进的估计方法正在稳步增加。在这里使用的最大似然估计法QUEST 4，5的情况下，这可能是由于在流行的Matlab的PsychToolbox 6套件一应俱全实施。这个PR的现代化，修订版ocedure优越于在鲁棒性和低数以足够的估计，如果用正确的设置7用来到达，需要试验的经典估计方法。 在QUEST程序背后的基本原理是，以适应Weibull函数传入数据来刺激强度与感觉大小之间的心理转换模型。对于心理Weibull函数的参数是在由实验者给定部分， 例如 ，函数的陡度或偏移由于假阳性率和响应不一致。沿着强度维感兴趣的参数的定位是通过使用贝叶斯最大似然估计的过程近似。由此，一个概率分布假设在目标参数的位置， 即在阈值强度。鉴于这样的分布的明智之前的假设，该算法将测定T他最翔实强度的参与者应该回应。对于当前实施的程序，这是在现有的概率分布8的平均值。对于每个连续试验中，先验概率分布在本质上是乘以在测试刺激级别的参与者的给定响应的可能性，作为其特征在于由Weibull函数。每个响应将用于不断更新的阈值参数的概率分布的估计。重复这一过程，直到满意估算值产生的。该过程是不是一个简单的回归更有效的，因为它使立即使用所收集的响应，以确定下一个要测试的刺激强度。此外，该过程将具体周围的兴趣点， 例如 ，一个阈值或某些感觉强度探测。从回归这样一个有限的范围内仅使用测试数据将导致一种不稳定估计，使得自适应程序设置里只顾风雨相对较低的号码是可行的更为强劲。 这种强大的心理锚固可以用来测量随时间的疼痛敏感性的变化，痛觉过敏/异常性疼痛的研究或在药物干预镇痛作用调节作用，除其他设置。是能够仅仅两个感觉康体之间的门槛锚刺激的强度另一个有趣的前景是检查对面无痛苦的过渡主观感知疼痛的感觉9，10，11。这种情况是非常有趣的，因为如果疼痛阈已经鲁棒估计，疼痛和无疼痛病症可以在脑电图活动对比，例如，在不改变物理刺激强度12。这允许观测通过检查试验评为痛苦和不痛苦的大脑活动的差异不断地刺激条件下，特定的疼痛感知过程的ervation。 我们将演示如何使用现成的实施自适应估计在PsychToolbox以强劲确定的脑电图实验，其中的痛苦和无痛苦的活动之间的对比检查偏侧的影响，取决于刺激部位个人痛阈。由于刺激强度可以在阈值过程后保持不变，这是没有必要考虑与刺激强度脑电活动共变在随后的分析。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="835">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">EasyCap electrode cap</td>
			<td style="width:241px;">EasyCap, Woerthsee-Etterschlag, Germany</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">CUCHW-58</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">actiCap active Ag/Cl EEG electrode set</td>
			<td style="width:241px;">BrainProducts GmbH, Gliching, Germany</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">SuperVisc EEG eletrode gel</td>
			<td style="width:241px;">EasyCap, Woerthsee-Etterschlag, Germany</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">V16</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">BrainAmp EEG amplifier</td>
			<td style="width:241px;">BrainProducts GmbH, Gliching, Germany</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">BrainAmp Standard</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">PsychToolbox-3</td>
			<td style="width:241px;">Mario Kleiner / Open Source</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">-</td>
			<td>Available at http://psychtoolbox.org/</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Matlab</td>
			<td style="width:241px;">MathWorks, Natick, MA</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">Matlab R2015b</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">DigiTimer DS7A constant current electrical stimulator</td>
			<td style="width:241px;">DigiTimer Ltd., Hertfordshire, United Kingdom</td>
			<td style="width:211px;">DS7A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

psychophysically-anchored, robust thresholding in studying pain-related lateralization of oscillatory prestimulus activity

在知觉的研究，客观地评估提供刺激的平等参与者对面或量化由刺激了多个试验诱发个体内的轰动幅度往往是非常重要的。这需要刺激幅度的健壮映射到感知强度和心理估计方法如楼梯程序通常实现。像对QUEST算法更新，更有效的程序拟合心理功能中的数据实时，而在同一时间最大化的数据收集的效率。痛苦和非疼痛感知之间的阈值强度的鲁棒估计然后可用于减少变化在感觉输入在振荡大脑活动的后续分析的影响。通过在由自适应估计程序确定的常数阈强度刺激，在收视率的方差可直接归因于感知过程。振荡活动然后可以“痛”和“无疼痛”直接试验间对比，产生一个密切涉及伤害感受的知觉分类过程的活性。

使用等级量表分成一半用于非疼痛，另一半为疼痛感觉（ 图1a），恒定的刺激可以通过很多试验中施加而跨过刻度中点仍屈服的评分（ 图1b）。这种方式，在感觉输入的改变可以被避免，评级结果能够直接与相关的疼痛固有感知分类处理。 <img alt="图1" src="/files/ftp_upload/55228/55228fig1.jpg" /> 图1?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Psychophysically-anchored, Robust Thresholding in Studying Pain-related Lateralization of Oscillatory Prestimulus Activity at JoVE.com

Psychophysically-anchored, Robust Thresholding in Studying Pain-related Lateralization of Oscillatory Prestimulus Activity

心理物理学方法如QUEST估计过程可以有效地得到刺激强度在该非疼痛感觉过渡到疼痛感觉的鲁棒估计。通过在阈强度刺激反复，排名反应的变化可以直接在随后的分析归因于感性的分类。

在研究疼痛相关振荡Prestimulus活动偏侧Psychophysically锚，乐百氏阈值

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