Name: comparison of scale in a photosynthetic reactor system for algal remediation of wastewater
Uploaded: 2017-03-06T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Comparison of Scale in a Photosynthetic Reactor System for Algal Remediation of Wastewater at JoVE.com

笔者想感谢Sandtown填埋场费尔顿，DE分享他们的知识和渗滤液。

1.系统设置注意：“配对系统”是指一种水族箱和一个管道水塘，并行运行。 <ol><li>对于一个配对的系统中，使用一个100升的水族箱罐（AT），与用于小型容器顶置混合器，和一个1000升管道水塘（RWP），用叶轮混合器大型容器中。在本系统中使用的容器被描绘在图1中。 </li><li>接种用相同的藻类培养所有船只。使用接种的高密度，从而在不低于0.1克/升，一旦稀释至在罐或塘<sup ...

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S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. , (1998).</li><li>. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Statistics for Macintosh v.23.0. , (2015).</li><li>Devore, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Probability and Statistics for Engineering and the Sciences. , (2015).</li><li>Sniffen, K. D., Sales, C. M., Olson, M. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nitrogen+removal+from+raw+landfill+leachate+by+an+algae-bacteria+consortium.">Nitrogen removal from raw landfill leachate by an algae-bacteria consortium.</a> Water Sci. Technol. 73 (3), 479-485 (2015).</li><li>Paerl, H. W., Fulton, R., Moisander, P. H., Dyble, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Harmful+freshwater+algal+blooms,+with+an+emphasis+on+cyanobacteria.">Harmful freshwater algal blooms, with an emphasis on cyanobacteria.</a> Scientific World J. 1, 76-113 (2001).</li><li>Abeliovich, A., Azov, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Toxicity+of+Ammonia+to+Algae+in+Sewage+Oxidation+Ponds.">Toxicity of Ammonia to Algae in Sewage Oxidation Ponds.</a> Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 31 (6), 801-806 (1976).</li><li>Azov, Y., Goldman, J. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Free+ammonia+inhibition+of+algal+photosynthesis+in+intensive+cultures.">Free ammonia inhibition of algal photosynthesis in intensive cultures.</a> Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 43 (4), 735-739 (1982).</li><li>Adamsson, M., Dave, G., Forsberg, L., Guterstam, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Toxicity+identification+evaluation+of+ammonia,+nitrite+and+heavy+metals+at+the+Stensund+Wastewater+Aquaculture+Plant,+Sweden.">Toxicity identification evaluation of ammonia, nitrite and heavy metals at the Stensund Wastewater Aquaculture Plant, Sweden.</a> Water Sci. Technol. 38 (3), 151-157 (1998).</li><li>Quinn, J. C., Davis, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+potentials+and+challenges+of+algae+based+biofuels:+a+review+of+the+techno-economic,+life+cycle,+and+resource+assessment+modeling.">The potentials and challenges of algae based biofuels: a review of the techno-economic, life cycle, and resource assessment modeling.</a> Bioresour. Technol. 184, 444-452 (2015).</li><li>Liu, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pilot-scale+data+provide+enhanced+estimates+of+the+life+cycle+energy+and+emissions+profile+of+algae+biofuels+produced+via+hydrothermal+liquefaction.">Pilot-scale data provide enhanced estimates of the life cycle energy and emissions profile of algae biofuels produced via hydrothermal liquefaction.</a> Bioresour. Technol. 148, 163-171 (2013).</li><li>Van Den Hende, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Treatment+of+industrial+wastewaters+by+microalgal+bacterial+flocs+in+sequencing+batch+reactors.">Treatment of industrial wastewaters by microalgal bacterial flocs in sequencing batch reactors.</a> Bioresour. Technol. 161, 245-254 (2014).</li><li>Rawat, I., Kumar, R. R., Mutanda, T., Bux, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biodiesel+from+microalgae:+A+critical+evaluation+from+laboratory+to+large+scale+production.">Biodiesel from microalgae: A critical evaluation from laboratory to large scale production.</a> Appl. Energy. 103, 444-467 (2013).</li><li>Cloern, J. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+relative+importance+of+light+and+nutrient+limitation+of+phytoplankton+growth:+a+simple+index+of+coastal+ecosystem+sensitivity+to+nutrient+enrichment.">The relative importance of light and nutrient limitation of phytoplankton growth: a simple index of coastal ecosystem sensitivity to nutrient enrichment.</a> Aquat Ecol. 33 (1), 3-15 (1999).</li></ol>

系统性能： 在8周的研究过程中，在一个系统中的小型和大型船只的生产率进行了比较。在这项研究中的氮和氨去除速率和生物量生长速率被用作治疗系统的生产率的措施。该系统操作的作为半间歇式反应器，其中，每个星期进行离散条件下操作。代表性的结果占了前8周的系统操作的，但是全面研究会延长更长的时间以考虑环境条件的季节变化。 上述方法?...

较大规模的应用实验室规模的数据的翻译是在生物过程的商业化的关键步骤。在小规模的反应器系统，特别是那些注重利用微生物生产效率，已显示出持续超过预测商业规模的系统1，2，3，4发生效率。挑战也存在于从实验室规模藻类和蓝藻光合作用种植扩展到更大的系统制造高价值产品，如化妆品和药品，用于生产生物燃料的目的，以及废水的处理。对于大型藻类生物量生产的需求与新兴工业日益增长的生物燃料，药品/营养制品，和家畜饲料5藻类。中所描述的方法此稿件旨在评估增加了对生物生长率和脱氮除磷光合反应器系统规模的影响。这里提出的系统使用藻类补救渗滤液废水，但可以适用于各种应用。 大型系统的生产效率是使用小规模的实验往往预测;然而，有几个因素必须考虑，以确定这些预测的准确度，如规模已经显示影响生物过程的性能。例如，容克（2004）提出的结果从八个不同尺寸的发酵反应器的对比，从30升19000升，这表明，在保护高频通道或商业尺度实际生产率比值使用小预测几乎总是低-scale研究4。在容器的尺寸，动力混合，搅拌型，营养品质和气体输送不等式被预测是主要原因为生产力下降4。类似地，已经在藻类生长的反应器显示，生物质生长和生物量相关的产品时规模增加6几乎总是降低。 生物，物理和化学因素与反应器的尺寸改变，许多这些因素在小规模不同于在较大的尺度2,7影响微生物活性。由于大多数全规模系统藻类，如滚道池塘，存在在户外时，要考虑一种生物因素是微生物物种和噬菌体可以从周围环境被引入，其可以改变微生物物种存在并且由此的微生物功能系统。微生物群落的活性也将是环境因素，如轻和温度敏感。气体和流体运动的质量接送这在微生物过程的规模可达影响的物理因素的例子。在实现小型反应堆理想的混合是容易的;然而，随着规模越来越大，它成为工程师理想的混合条件是一个挑战。在更大的尺度，反应器是更可能有死区，非理想的混合，并降低的效率在传质2。由于藻类光合生物，商业增长必须提高音量时占曝光的变化，由于水深和面积的变化。高的生物量密度和/或低质量的传输速率可引起降低的 CO 2浓度和增加的O 2的浓度，这两者都可能导致抑制生物量生长8。在藻类生长系统化学因子由水生环境2，这是因而受pH缓冲化合物的变化，如溶解的CO的pH值动力学驱动<sub&gt; 2和碳酸盐物种。这些因素是由复杂的相互作用的生物，物理和化学因素加剧，往往不可预知的方式9。 本研究提出旨在规范，并在两个不同尺度的血管比较生长条件配对的反应器系统。实验方案侧重于量化渗滤液处理和藻类的生长;然而，它可以适用于监视其他指标，例如在一段时间，或在微生物群落改变藻类中的CO 2截存的潜力。这里介绍的协议被设计为评价尺度上在渗滤液处理系统藻类生长和脱氮效果。

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	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:283px;">Aquarium Tank</td>
			<td style="width:135px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:612px;">Any 100+L aquarium tank with optically clear glass can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:283px;">RW 3.5</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">MicroBio Engineering</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Raceway Pond</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:283px;">Eurostar 100 digital</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">IKA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">4238101</td>
			<td style="width:612px;">Overhead mixers</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:283px;">Leachate</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Sandtown Landfill</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:283px;">Sampling Bottles</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Nalgene</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Plastic or glass, lab grade, 125-200mL&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:283px;">Transfer Pumps</td>
			<td style="width:135px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Garden type pump with drinking water quality hoses will be suitable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:283px;">AmVer Salicylate Test &#39;N Tube</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Hach</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">2606945</td>
			<td>High Range Ammonia Tests</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:283px;">NitraVer X Nitrogen - Nitrate Reagent Set&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Hach</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">2605345</td>
			<td>High Range Nitrate Tests</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:283px;">NitriVer 2 Nitrite Reagent Powder Pillows</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Hach</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">2107569</td>
			<td>High Range Nitrite Tests</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:283px;">Hach DR2400 Spectrophotmeter</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Hach</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>The DR2400 was discontinued, but any DR series Hach spectrophotometer can be used in this application.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:283px;">EMD Microbiological Analysis Membrane Filters</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">HAWG047S6</td>
			<td style="width:612px;">0.45&#181;m filters&#160;</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

comparison of scale in a photosynthetic reactor system for algal remediation of wastewater

实验方法被呈现给比较设计用于废水处理两种不同尺寸的反应器的性能。在这项研究中，氨去除，脱氮和藻类生长是通过在成对的套小（100μL）和大（1000升）的反应器设计用于填埋废水的藻类补救8周期间比较。小和大规模反应器中的内容之前，每个每周测试间隔的开始以保持在两个尺度等效初始条件混合。系统的特性，其中包括的表面积与体积比，停留时间，生物量密度，以及废水的进料浓度，可以调节，以便更好地均衡在两个尺度发生的情况。期间短的8周代表的时间段，开始氨和总氮浓度为3.1-14毫克的NH 3 -N / L和8.1-20.1毫克N / L，分别不等。该处理系统的性能进行评价的基础上它能够去除氨氮，总氮和生产藻类生物量。平均值±氨去除的标准偏差，总氮去除和生物量生长率分别为0.95±0.3毫克的NH 3 -N /升/天，0.89±0.3毫克N / L /天，和0.02±0.03克生物质/升/天，分别。所有船只表明初始氨浓度和氨氮去除率之间（R 2 = 0.76）呈正相关关系。如果实验室规模的实验数据是适合于商业规模的生产值的预测在不同尺度的反应器中测得的过程的效率和生产值的比较可以在确定是有用的。

这项研究的目的是比较生物量增长，并在小型和大型反应堆生长的藻类培养的脱氮除磷能力。这项研究使用了两个成对的系统，简称为系统1和系统2，重复其调查结果。这些代表性的结果是从8周的时间，二月到四月，2016年第一轨道池塘藻类原来从宾夕法尼亚州费城，14室外池塘来源接种。此培养物生长至在水族箱的高密度。此接种导致0.12克/升的RWP生物?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Comparison of Scale in a Photosynthetic Reactor System for Algal Remediation of Wastewater at JoVE.com

Comparison of Scale in a Photosynthetic Reactor System for Algal Remediation of Wastewater

实验方法介绍比较小（100 L）和大（1000升）的性能设计规模为垃圾填埋场污水的整治藻类反应堆。系统的特性，其中包括的表面积与体积比，停留时间，生物量密度，以及废水的进料浓度，可根据应用来调整。

规模在光合反应器系统对污水的整治藻类比较

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Physical, Chemical and Biological Characterization of Six Biochars Produced for the Remediation of Contaminated Sites

物理，化学和六Biochars生产的生物表征污染场地修复的

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一个铁（II）的实验室模拟的前寒武纪富海洋上升流系统探索光合细菌生长

A conventional concept for the deposition of some Precambrian Banded Iron Formations (BIF) proceeds on the assumption that ferrous iron [Fe(II)] upwelling ...

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流管反应器中有机颗粒物的生产与测定

Organic particulate matter (PM) is increasingly recognized as important to the Earth's climate system as well as public health in urban regions, and the ...

Measuring and Mapping Patterns of Soil Erosion and Deposition Related to Soil Carbonate Concentrations Under Agricultural Management

农业经营条件下土壤侵蚀和沉积与土壤碳酸盐浓度关系的测量与制图

Spatial patterns of soil erosion and deposition can be inferred from differences in ground elevation mapped at appropriate time increments. Such changes ...

Techniques for Investigating the Anatomy of the Ant Visual System

蚂蚁视觉系统解剖学研究方法

This article outlines a suite of techniques in light microscopy (LM) and electron microscopy (EM) which can be used to study the internal and external eye ...

Potato Virus X-Based microRNA Silencing (VbMS) In Potato.

Potato Virus X-Based microRNA Silencing VbMS In Potato.

马铃薯病毒基于马铃薯的X型微RNA沉默（VbMS）。

Virus-based microRNA silencing (VbMS) is a rapid and efficient tool for functional characterization of microRNAs (miRNAs) in plants. The VbMS system has ...

A Small-Scale Setup for Algal Toxicity Testing of Nanomaterials and Other Difficult Substances

纳米材料和其他难物质藻类毒性试验的小型装置

Ecotoxicity data is a requirement for pre- and post-market registration of chemicals by European and international regulations (e.g., REACH). The algal ...

A Standardized Procedure for Monitoring Harmful Algal Blooms in Chile by Metabarcoding Analysis

通过元条形码分析监测智利有害藻华的标准化程序

Harmful algae blooms (HABs) monitoring has been implemented worldwide, and Chile, a country famous for its fisheries and aquaculture, has intensively used ...