Name: measurement of quantum interference in a silicon ring resonator photon source
Uploaded: 2017-04-04T10:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source at JoVE.com

这项工作是部分地在康奈尔大学纳米科学与技术基金，国家纳米技术基础设施网络的成员，这是由美国国家科学基金会（ECCS格兰特-1542081）支持执行。我们承认从美国空军研究实验室（AFRL）这项工作的支持。这种材料是基于由下奖号ECCS14052481美国国家科学基金会部分支持工作。

注：此协议假定光子芯片已经制造。这里所描述的芯片（在图1A中示出）使用用于硅光子器件11标准加工技术在康奈尔大学纳米科技设施制造。这些方法包括使用硅绝缘体上硅片（220 nm厚的硅层构成的，二氧化硅的3-μm的层，和一个525微米厚的硅衬底），电子束光刻，以限定条波导（500纳米范围内），和二氧化硅包层（〜3微米厚）的等离子体增强化学气相沉积。微环?...

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	<li>Silverstone, J. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=On-chip+quantum+interference+between+silicon+photon-pair+sources.">On-chip quantum interference between silicon photon-pair sources.</a> Nat. Photon. 8 (2), 104-108 (2014).</li><li>Harris, N. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Integrated+Source+of+Spectrally+Filtered+Correlated+Photons+for+Large-Scale+Quantum+Photonic+Systems.">Integrated Source of Spectrally Filtered Correlated Photons for Large-Scale Quantum Photonic Systems.</a> Phys. Rev. X. 041047, 1-10 (2014).</li><li>Grassani, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Micrometer-scale+integrated+silicon+source+of+time-energy+entangled+photons.">Micrometer-scale integrated silicon source of time-energy entangled photons.</a> Optica. 2 (2), 88 (2015).</li><li>Najafi, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Scalable+Integration+of+Single-Photon+Detectors.">Scalable Integration of Single-Photon Detectors.</a> Nat. Commun. 6, 1-8 (2015).</li><li>Dutt, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=On-Chip+Optical+Squeezing.">On-Chip Optical Squeezing.</a> Phys. Rev. Appl. 3 (4), 1-7 (2015).</li><li>Azzini, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultra-low+power+generation+of+twin+photons+in+a+compact+silicon+ring+resonator.">Ultra-low power generation of twin photons in a compact silicon ring resonator.</a> Opt. Express. 20 (21), 23100-23107 (2012).</li><li>Clemmen, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Continuous+wave+photon+pair+generation+in+silicon-on-insulator+waveguides+and+ring+resonators+erratum.">Continuous wave photon pair generation in silicon-on-insulator waveguides and ring resonators erratum.</a> Opt. Express. 17 (19), 16558 (2009).</li><li>Engin, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Photon+pair+generation+in+a+silicon+micro-ring+resonator+with+reverse+bias+enhancement.">Photon pair generation in a silicon micro-ring resonator with reverse bias enhancement.</a> Opt. Express. 21 (23), 27826-27834 (2013).</li><li>Steidle, J. a., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High+spectral+purity+silicon+ring+resonator+photon-pair+source.">High spectral purity silicon ring resonator photon-pair source.</a> Proc. of SPIE. 9500, 950015 (2015).</li><li>Preble, S. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=On-Chip+Quantum+Interference+from+a+Single+Silicon+Ring-Resonator+Source.">On-Chip Quantum Interference from a Single Silicon Ring-Resonator Source.</a> Phys. Rev. Appl. 4, 021001 (2015).</li><li>Cao, L., Aboketaf, A. A., Preble, S. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CMOS+compatible+micro-oven+heater+for+efficient+thermal+control+of+silicon+photonic+devices.">CMOS compatible micro-oven heater for efficient thermal control of silicon photonic devices.</a> Opt. Commun. 305, 66-70 (2013).</li><li>Chrostowski, L., Hochberg, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Silicon Photonics Design. , (2013).</li></ol>

有针对的集成光子领域，以便光子器件的复杂和可扩展的系统是可行的，克服多重挑战。这些措施包括，但不限于：紧制造公差，从环境的不稳定性隔离，以及各种形式的损失最小化。有在上述协议，有助于最小化光子器件的损耗的关键步骤。 之一在损失最小化的最重要的要求是紧密匹配的纤维和波导的光学模式。部分困难从大模场直径的SMF（MFD）（〜10微米）的茎。上的集...

硅有出息作为光电子平台量子信息处理1，2，3，4，5。一个量子光子电路的重要组成部分是光子源。光子对源已经从硅开发了微环谐振器的通过第三阶非线性方法制备的形式中，自发四波混频（SFWM）6，7，8。这些源能够产生对不可区分的光子，这是理想的，涉及光子缠结9实验的。 需要注意的是环形谐振器源可与顺时针和逆时针传播两个操作是很重要的，并且两个不同的传播方向是基因反弹相互独立。这允许单个环用作两个源。当从两个方向光学泵浦，这些源生成以下纠缠态： <img alt="式（1）" src="/files/ftp_upload/55257/55257eq1.jpg" />哪里<img alt="公式2" src="/files/ftp_upload/55257/55257eq2.jpg" />和<img alt="公式3" src="/files/ftp_upload/55257/55257eq3.jpg" />是独立产生算符为clockwise-和逆时针传播的双光子，分别。这是被称为N00N状态（N = 2）10纠缠态的一个非常理想的形式。 通过芯片上的马赫 - 曾德尔干涉仪（MZI）传递这种状态导致的状态： <img alt="公式4" src="/files/ftp_upload/55257/55257eq4.jpg" />最大巧合，巧合的零之间的这种状态在振荡两次经典的干涉的在MZI的频率，有效地加倍干涉仪10的灵敏度。这里，我们提出用于测试这种集成光子源和MZI设备的过程。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="781">
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	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:339px;">3-Axis NanoMax Flexure Stage</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Thorlabs</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">MAX312D</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Precision 3-axis stages</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:339px;">Three Channel Piezo Controller</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Thorlabs</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">MDT693B</td>
			<td>Piezo controllers for NanoMax stages</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Fiber Polarization Controller</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Thorlabs</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">FPC562</td>
			<td>3-Paddle fiber-based polarization controller</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Fiber Cleaver</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Thorlabs</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">XL411</td>
			<td>Fiber cleaver</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Standard V-Groove Fiber Holder</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Thorlabs</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">HFV001</td>
			<td>standard v-groove mount</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Tapered V-Groove Fiber Holder</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Thorlabs</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">HFV002</td>
			<td>tapered v-groove mount</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Right-Angle Top Plate for NanoMax Stage</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Thorlabs</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">AMA011</td>
			<td>right-angle bracket</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">50:50 Fiber Optic Coupler</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Thorlabs</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">TW1550R5F1</td>
			<td>50/50 combiner</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:339px;">Optical Fiber Fusion Splicer</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Fujikura</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">FSM-40S</td>
			<td>Fusion splicer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:339px;">MultiPrep Polishing System - 8&#34;</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Allied High Tech</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">15-2100</td>
			<td>Chip polisher</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:339px;">Cross-Sectioning Paddle with Reference Edge</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Allied High Tech</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">15-1010-RE</td>
			<td>Polishing mount</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:339px;">Lightwave Measurement System</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Keysight</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">8164B</td>
			<td>Mainframe for tunable laser</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:339px;">Tunable Laser Source</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Keysight</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">81606A</td>
			<td>Tunable laser</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:339px;">Optical Power Sensor</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Keysight</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">81634B</td>
			<td>Power meter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:339px;">NIR Single Photon Detector</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">ID Quantique</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">ID210</td>
			<td>Single photon detectors</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:339px;">NIR Single Photon Detector</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">ID Quantique</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">ID230</td>
			<td>Low noise, free-running single photon detectors</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:339px;">PicoHarp</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">PicoQuant</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">PicoHarp 300</td>
			<td>Time-correlated single photon counting</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:339px;">WiDy SWIR InGaAs Camera</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">NIT</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">640U-S</td>
			<td>IR Camera</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:339px;">WDM Bandpass Filter</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">JDS Uniphase</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">30055053-368-2.2</td>
			<td>pump cleanup filters</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:339px;">WDM Bandpass Filter</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">JDS Uniphase</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">1011787-012</td>
			<td>pump rejection filters</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:339px;">Ultra-High Numerical Aperture Fiber</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Nufern</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">UHNA-7</td>
			<td>high index fiber</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:339px;">Ultra Optical Single Mode Fiber</td>
			<td style="width:149px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">SMF-28</td>
			<td>standard single mode fiber</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

measurement of quantum interference in a silicon ring resonator photon source

硅光子芯片必须实现复杂的集成量子信息处理电路，包括光子源，量子位操作和集成的单光子检测器的潜力。这里，我们提出准备和具有集成光子源和双光子干涉仪测试硅光子量子芯片的关键方面。使所有的产生的光子与最高可能的保真度检测的集成量子电路的最重要的方面是最小化损失。在这里，我们描述了如何通过使用超高数值孔径光纤到硅波导的模式紧密地匹配以进行低损耗边缘耦合。通过使用优化熔接配方中，娜纤维无缝地与标准单模光纤接口。这种低损耗耦合允许高保真光子产生的在集成硅环形谐振器的测量和产生的p的后续双光子干扰hotons在紧密结合Mach-Zehnder干涉。本文介绍的高性能和可扩展的硅量子光子电路的制备和表征的基本程序。

来自每个检测器，以及重合计数单个光子计数，当两个路径之间的相对相位进行了调整收集。各个计数（ 图5A）示出了从一个MZI具有94.5±1.6％和94.9±0.9％能见度经典干涉图案。的符合测量（ 图5B）显示了纠缠态的量子干涉，由振荡作为显然以两倍于传统干涉图案的频率，具有93.3±2.0％的可见性（96.0±2.1与临时记号％减去） 。为了证实主要被在环?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source at JoVE.com

Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source

硅光子芯片必须认识到复杂的集成量子系统的潜力。这里介绍的是用于制备和测试对于量子测量硅光子芯片的方法。

量子干涉效应在硅谐振环光子源测量

Silicon photonic chips have the potential to realize complex integrated quantum information processing circuits, including photon sources, qubit ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

梯度回波量子存储在温暖的原子蒸气

Gradient  echo memory (GEM) is a protocol for storing optical quantum states of light in  atomic ensembles. The primary motivation for such a technology ...

科研

工程学

Analysis of Contact Interfaces for Single GaN Nanowire Devices

单氮化镓纳米线设备分析接触界面

Single GaN nanowire (NW) devices fabricated on SiO2 can exhibit  a strong degradation after annealing due to the  occurrence of void formation at the ...

Fabrication of Uniform Nanoscale Cavities via Silicon Direct Wafer Bonding

通过硅直接晶圆粘接制造均匀纳米级腔

Measurements of the heat capacity and superfluid fraction of confined 4He have been performed near the lambda transition using lithographically patterned ...

Selective Area Modification of Silicon Surface Wettability by Pulsed UV Laser Irradiation in Liquid Environment

硅表面润湿性的选择区域改性脉冲紫外激光照射在液体环境

The wettability of silicon (Si) is one of the important parameters in the technology of surface functionalization of this material and fabrication of ...

Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping

硅金属 - 氧化物 - 半导体量子点单电子泵

As mass-produced silicon transistors have reached the nano-scale, their behavior and performances are increasingly affected, and often deteriorated, by ...

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating

使用2-D棋盘相位光栅X射线束相干测量沿多个方向

A procedure for a technique to measure the transverse coherence of synchrotron radiation X-ray sources using a single phase grating interferometer is ...

Optical Trap Loading of Dielectric Microparticles In Air

介电微粒的光阱装载在空气中

We demonstrate a method to trap a selected dielectric microparticle in air using radiation pressure from a single-beam gradient optical trap. Randomly ...

Standardized Method for Measuring Collection Efficiency from Wipe-sampling of Trace Explosives

从微量炸药的擦拭取样测量收集效率的标准化方法

One of the limiting steps to detecting traces of explosives at screening venues is effective collection of the sample. Wipe-sampling is the most common ...