Name: a customizable chamber for measuring cell migration
Uploaded: 2017-03-12T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Customizable Chamber for Measuring Cell Migration Video at JoVE.com

Gli autori riconoscono programma creativo inchiesta del Clemson University e NSF CBET1254609 per la fornitura di finanziamenti per questo progetto.

1. Produrre una Camera Microchannel per creare un gradiente di concentrazione <ol><li> Tagliare un pezzo muffa acrilica <ol><li> Ottenere un pezzo di acrilico della larghezza desiderata. Tipicamente utilizzare 1 lastre acriliche / 16 pollici di spessore. fogli più spessi sono difficili da tagliare bene e molto sottili fogli non hanno la resistenza meccanica, provocandone la rottura o ordito durante il processo. </li><li> Creare un file CAD con la forma desiderata del pezzo acrilico per produrre una c...

<ol>
	<li>Sia, S. K., Whitesides, G. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microfluidic+devices+fabricated+in+poly+(dimethylsiloxane)+for+biological+studies.">Microfluidic devices fabricated in poly (dimethylsiloxane) for biological studies.</a> Electrophoresis. 24 (21), 3563-3576 (2003).</li><li>Lin, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generation+of+dynamic+temporal+and+spatial+concentration+gradients+using+microfluidic+devices.">Generation of dynamic temporal and spatial concentration gradients using microfluidic devices.</a> Lab Chip. 4 (3), 164-167 (2004).</li><li>Darby, I., Hewitson, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fibroblast+Differentiation+in+Wound+Healing+and+Fibrosis.">Fibroblast Differentiation in Wound Healing and Fibrosis.</a> Int Rev Cytol. 257, 143-179 (2007).</li><li>Thampatty, B. P., Wang, J. H. -. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+approach+to+study+fibroblast+migration.">A new approach to study fibroblast migration.</a> Cell Motil Cytoskel. 64, 1-5 (2007).</li><li>Discher, D., Mooney, D., Zandstra, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Growth+Factors,+Matrices,+and+Forces+Combine+and+Control+Stem+Cells.">Growth Factors, Matrices, and Forces Combine and Control Stem Cells.</a> Science. 324, 1673-1677 (2009).</li><li>Zengel, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=&#181;-Slide+Chemotaxis:+A+new+chamber+for+long-term+chemotaxis+studies.">&#181;-Slide Chemotaxis: A new chamber for long-term chemotaxis studies.</a> BMC Cell Biol. , (2011).</li><li>Chen, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Boyden+Chamber+Assay.">Boyden Chamber Assay.</a> Methods Molec Biol. 2, 15-22 (2005).</li><li>Safferling, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Wound+healing+revised:+A+novel+reepithelialization+mechanism+revealed+by+in+vitro+and+in+silico+models.">Wound healing revised: A novel reepithelialization mechanism revealed by in vitro and in silico models.</a> JCB. 203 (4), 691-709 (2013).</li><li>Saadi, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generation+of+stable+concentration+gradients+in+2D+and+3D+environments+using+a+microfluidic+ladder+chamber.">Generation of stable concentration gradients in 2D and 3D environments using a microfluidic ladder chamber.</a> Biomed Microdevices. 9, 627-635 (2007).</li><li>Cammer, M., Cox, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chemotactic+Responses+by+Macrophages+to+a+Directional+Source+of+a+Cytokine+Delivered+by+a+Micropipette.">Chemotactic Responses by Macrophages to a Directional Source of a Cytokine Delivered by a Micropipette.</a> Methods Mol Biol. , 125-135 (2014).</li><li>Zicha, D., Dunn, G. A., Brown, A. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+direct-viewing+chemotaxis+chamber.">A new direct-viewing chemotaxis chamber.</a> J Cell Sci. 99 (4), 769-775 (1991).</li><li>Wells, C. M., Ridley, A. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analysis+of+cell+migration+using+the+Dunn+chemotaxis+chamber+and+time-lapse+microscopy.">Analysis of cell migration using the Dunn chemotaxis chamber and time-lapse microscopy.</a> Methods Mol Biol. , 31-41 (2005).</li><li>Liang, C. C., Park, A. Y., Guan, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vitro+scratch+assay:+a+convenient+and+inexpensive+method+for+analysis+of+cell+migration+in+vitro.">In vitro scratch assay: a convenient and inexpensive method for analysis of cell migration in vitro.</a> Nat. Protoc. 2, 329-333 (2007).</li><li>Chen, Y. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-cell+migration+chip+for+chemotaxis-based+microfluidic+selection+of+heterogeneous+cell+populations.">Single-cell migration chip for chemotaxis-based microfluidic selection of heterogeneous cell populations.</a> Sci. Rep. 5, (2015).</li><li>Wright, G. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=On-chip+open+microfluidic+devices+for+chemotaxis+studies.">On-chip open microfluidic devices for chemotaxis studies.</a> Microsc. Microanal. 18 (04), 816-828 (2012).</li><li>Adler, M., Polinkovsky, M., Gutierrez, E., Groisman, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generation+of+oxygen+gradients+with+arbitrary+shapes+in+a+microfluidic+device.">Generation of oxygen gradients with arbitrary shapes in a microfluidic device.</a> Lab Chip. 10 (3), 388-391 (2010).</li><li>Huang, Y., Agrawal, B., Sun, D., Kuo, J. S., Williams, J. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microfluidics-based+devices:+New+tools+for+studying+cancer+and+cancer+stem+cell+migration.">Microfluidics-based devices: New tools for studying cancer and cancer stem cell migration.</a> Biomicrofluidics. 5 (1), 013412 (2011).</li><li>Taylor, A. M., Rhee, S. W., Jeon, N. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microfluidic+chambers+for+cell+migration+and+neuroscience+research.">Microfluidic chambers for cell migration and neuroscience research.</a> Microfluid Tech: Rev Protoc. , 167-177 (2006).</li><li>Tang, S. K., Whitesides, G. M., Fainman, Y., Lee, L., Psaltis, D., Yang, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Basic microfluidic and soft lithographic techniques. Optofluidics: Fundamentals, Devices and Applications. , (2010).</li><li>Taylor, A. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microfluidic+multicompartment+device+for+neuroscience+research).">Microfluidic multicompartment device for neuroscience research).</a> Langmuir. 19 (5), 1551-1556 (2003).</li><li>Aidelberg, G., Goldshmidt, Y., Nachman, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Microfluidic+Device+for+Studying+Multiple+Distinct+Strains.">A Microfluidic Device for Studying Multiple Distinct Strains.</a> JoVE. (69), (2012).</li></ol>

La nostra camera di microcanali può essere utilizzato per una moltitudine di scopi, tra cui la determinazione del tasso di migrazione delle cellule in risposta a fattori di crescita e fattori chemiotattici e misurando la velocità di diffusione di un farmaco da una matrice polimerica. È possibile utilizzare la nostra camera di microcanali per crescere le cellule e mettere un chemiotattico ad una estremità della camera. Le cellule crescono in risposta al chemiotattico, e la migrazione delle cellule possono essere quan...

In order for vital processes such as wound healing, immune responses, and embryonic development to occur, cell migration must take place. Cell migration involves the interaction between cells and neighboring cells, the extracellular matrix, and soluble chemical cues (attractants or repellants). As an example, in the process of wound healing, fibroblasts play an integral role in fibrogenesis and wound contraction, where the cells are recruited to the site of injury to synthesize collagen in order to form the extracellular matrix3. Numerous mechanisms behind the migration of fibroblasts to a wound site have been studied, and they include different mechanical, physical, electrical, and chemotactic factors4. Fibroblasts respond especially well to different concentration gradients of growth factors. These different growth factors work together to optimize tissue regeneration5. While observing the chemotactic response of fibroblasts to growth factor concentrations, one can study the pattern of directional migration of fibroblasts and how they orient themselves around physical obstacles in order to reach their destination. Therefore, the goals of this study were to first develop a system in which fibroblast growth could be tracked under guidance by physical barriers and to secondly model the growth of fibroblasts as they navigate through the system.
Currently, the Boyden chamber assay is the most widely used system to measure the migration of cells6. The Boyden chamber consists of a two-chamber multi-well plate where each well may contain medium with or without chemoattractants7. A filter membrane provides a porous interface between the two chambers in each well; this creates a barrier so that cells cannot pass through unless it is by active migration. Typically, for the Boyden chamber, a chemoattractant is added to the lower chamber, and the system is allowed to equilibrate to form a gradient between the upper and lower wells4. One problem with the Boyden chamber assay is that steep gradients end up forming along a single axis perpendicular with the surface of the membrane. This causes the difference in the chemoattractant concentration between the upper and lower wells to be a lower than what was originally expected. Due to this constraint, the Boyden chamber assay makes it hard to correlate specific cell responses with particular gradient characteristics, such as the slope and the concentration difference. Without these measurements, it is hard to study multi-gradient signal integration.
To address some of the constraints of the traditional Boyden chamber assay, microfluidic assays have been developed to form customizable concentration gradients1. Standard methods for creating microfluidic systems require clean rooms for lithographic techniques. These techniques can be difficult to learn especially in a standard classroom setting. Thus, we have designed a chamber system for measuring cell migration that can be made without using a clean room. Using our system, the wells of the assay can be adjusted to a preferred size, and a linear concentration gradient of customized slope can be produced. This allows for accurate measurement of chemotaxis from random movement. The design is an inexpensive and easy-to-use system to model cell growth in response to different chemical stimuli.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Sylgard 184 Silicone Elastomer Kit</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>761036</td>
			<td>poly(dimethylsiloxane) 2-part kit including silicone elastomer base and silicone elastomer curing agent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acrylic Sheets</td>
			<td>US Plastic</td>
			<td>44200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Disposable Petri Dishes&#160;</td>
			<td>Falcon&#160;</td>
			<td>25373-041</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fluorescein isothiocyanate&#8211;dextran</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>FD20s-100MG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Agarose, Type I, Low EEO</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A6013-100G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dulbecco&#39;s Modified Eagle&#39;s Medium</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>11965092</td>
			<td>Cell media components</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Bovine Serium</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>16000036</td>
			<td>Cell media components</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin-streptomycin</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>15140148</td>
			<td>Cell media components</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS)</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP24384</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EVOS XL Cell Imaging System</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>AME3300</td>
			<td>Instrument used for taking time-lapse images</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Versa LASER</td>
			<td>Universal Laser Systems, Inc.&#160;</td>
			<td>Model number VLS2.30</td>
			<td>Laser cutter used for cutting plastic</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a customizable chamber for measuring cell migration

La migrazione cellulare è una parte vitale della risposta immunitaria, la crescita e la guarigione delle ferite. La migrazione cellulare è un processo complesso che coinvolge interazioni tra le cellule, la matrice extracellulare, e fattori chimici solubile e non solubile (per esempio, fattori chemiotattici). Metodi standard per misurare la migrazione delle cellule, quali il test camera di Boyden, lavoro contando le cellule su entrambi i lati di un divisore. Queste tecniche sono facili da usare; tuttavia, offrono poche modifiche geometrico per diverse applicazioni. In contrasto, dispositivi microfluidici possono essere usati per osservare la migrazione delle cellule con gradienti di concentrazione personalizzabili di fattori solubili 1, 2. Tuttavia, i metodi per fare test microfluidica a base possono essere difficili da imparare. Qui, descriviamo un metodo semplice per la creazione di camere di coltura cellulare per misurare la migrazione delle cellule in risposta a gradienti di concentrazione chimica. Le nostre mi cellularimetodo della camera grazione può creare diversi gradienti di concentrazione lineare per studiare la migrazione delle cellule per una varietà di applicazioni. Questo metodo è relativamente facile da usare ed è normalmente eseguita da studenti universitari. La camera di microcanali è stato creato inserendo un inserto acrilico nella forma della camera di microcanali finale e in una capsula di Petri. Dopo questo, poli (dimetilsilossano) (PDMS) è stata versata sopra dell&#39;inserto. Il PDMS è stato permesso di indurire e poi l&#39;inserto è stato rimosso. Questo ha permesso la realizzazione di pozzi in qualsiasi forma e dimensione desiderata. Le cellule possono essere aggiunti successivamente alla camera microcanali e agenti solubili possono essere aggiunti uno dei pozzi immergendo un blocco agarosio nell&#39;agente desiderato. Il blocco agarosio viene aggiunto uno dei pozzi, e immagini time-lapse può essere preso della camera di microcanali per quantificare la migrazione cellulare. Modifiche a questo metodo possono essere fatte per una data applicazione, rendendo questo metodo higHLY personalizzabile.

La Figura 2 mostra il movimento del fronte cellulare attraverso il canale in risposta ad un gradiente di siero bovino fetale posto all&#39;estremità opposta del canale da cui sono placcati le cellule. La parte anteriore cella è indicato a 48 ore (Figura 2A), 72 ore (Figura 2B), 96 ore (Figura 2C), e 120 h (Figura 2D) post placcatura. Il movimento del fronte delle cellule è stato rintracciato con quest...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Customizable Chamber for Measuring Cell Migration Video at JoVE.com

A Customizable Chamber for Measuring Cell Migration Video (Video) | JoVE

Dettagli Questo protocollo un metodo personalizzabile per misurare la migrazione delle cellule in risposta a fattori chemiotattici che possono anche essere utilizzati per determinare la velocità di diffusione di un farmaco da una matrice polimerica.

Una camera per la migrazione delle cellule di misura personalizzabile

Cell migration is a vital part of immune responses, growth, and wound healing. Cell migration is a complex process that involves interactions between ...

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A Customizable Chamber for Measuring Cell Migration

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