Name: a customizable chamber for measuring cell migration
Uploaded: 2017-03-12T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Customizable Chamber for Measuring Cell Migration Video at JoVE.com

Forfatterne erkjenner Clemson University Creative Inquiry program og NSF CBET1254609 for å gi støtte til dette prosjektet.

1. Å produsere en Mikro Chamber å lage en konsentrasjonsgradient <ol><li> Cutting en akryl støpestykke <ol><li> Skaff et stykke akryl av ønsket bredde. Vanligvis bruker 1/16-tommers tykk akrylplater. Tykkere plater er vanskelige å skjære brønn og meget tynne ark ikke har den nødvendige mekaniske styrke, noe som får dem til å bryte eller renning under prosessen. </li><li> Skape en CAD-fil med den ønskede form av akryl stykket for å frembringe et hulrom innenfor den polydimetylsiloksan (PDMS...

<ol>
	<li>Sia, S. K., Whitesides, G. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microfluidic+devices+fabricated+in+poly+(dimethylsiloxane)+for+biological+studies.">Microfluidic devices fabricated in poly (dimethylsiloxane) for biological studies.</a> Electrophoresis. 24 (21), 3563-3576 (2003).</li><li>Lin, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generation+of+dynamic+temporal+and+spatial+concentration+gradients+using+microfluidic+devices.">Generation of dynamic temporal and spatial concentration gradients using microfluidic devices.</a> Lab Chip. 4 (3), 164-167 (2004).</li><li>Darby, I., Hewitson, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fibroblast+Differentiation+in+Wound+Healing+and+Fibrosis.">Fibroblast Differentiation in Wound Healing and Fibrosis.</a> Int Rev Cytol. 257, 143-179 (2007).</li><li>Thampatty, B. P., Wang, J. H. -. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+approach+to+study+fibroblast+migration.">A new approach to study fibroblast migration.</a> Cell Motil Cytoskel. 64, 1-5 (2007).</li><li>Discher, D., Mooney, D., Zandstra, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Growth+Factors,+Matrices,+and+Forces+Combine+and+Control+Stem+Cells.">Growth Factors, Matrices, and Forces Combine and Control Stem Cells.</a> Science. 324, 1673-1677 (2009).</li><li>Zengel, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=&#181;-Slide+Chemotaxis:+A+new+chamber+for+long-term+chemotaxis+studies.">&#181;-Slide Chemotaxis: A new chamber for long-term chemotaxis studies.</a> BMC Cell Biol. , (2011).</li><li>Chen, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Boyden+Chamber+Assay.">Boyden Chamber Assay.</a> Methods Molec Biol. 2, 15-22 (2005).</li><li>Safferling, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Wound+healing+revised:+A+novel+reepithelialization+mechanism+revealed+by+in+vitro+and+in+silico+models.">Wound healing revised: A novel reepithelialization mechanism revealed by in vitro and in silico models.</a> JCB. 203 (4), 691-709 (2013).</li><li>Saadi, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generation+of+stable+concentration+gradients+in+2D+and+3D+environments+using+a+microfluidic+ladder+chamber.">Generation of stable concentration gradients in 2D and 3D environments using a microfluidic ladder chamber.</a> Biomed Microdevices. 9, 627-635 (2007).</li><li>Cammer, M., Cox, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chemotactic+Responses+by+Macrophages+to+a+Directional+Source+of+a+Cytokine+Delivered+by+a+Micropipette.">Chemotactic Responses by Macrophages to a Directional Source of a Cytokine Delivered by a Micropipette.</a> Methods Mol Biol. , 125-135 (2014).</li><li>Zicha, D., Dunn, G. A., Brown, A. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+direct-viewing+chemotaxis+chamber.">A new direct-viewing chemotaxis chamber.</a> J Cell Sci. 99 (4), 769-775 (1991).</li><li>Wells, C. M., Ridley, A. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analysis+of+cell+migration+using+the+Dunn+chemotaxis+chamber+and+time-lapse+microscopy.">Analysis of cell migration using the Dunn chemotaxis chamber and time-lapse microscopy.</a> Methods Mol Biol. , 31-41 (2005).</li><li>Liang, C. C., Park, A. Y., Guan, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vitro+scratch+assay:+a+convenient+and+inexpensive+method+for+analysis+of+cell+migration+in+vitro.">In vitro scratch assay: a convenient and inexpensive method for analysis of cell migration in vitro.</a> Nat. Protoc. 2, 329-333 (2007).</li><li>Chen, Y. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-cell+migration+chip+for+chemotaxis-based+microfluidic+selection+of+heterogeneous+cell+populations.">Single-cell migration chip for chemotaxis-based microfluidic selection of heterogeneous cell populations.</a> Sci. Rep. 5, (2015).</li><li>Wright, G. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=On-chip+open+microfluidic+devices+for+chemotaxis+studies.">On-chip open microfluidic devices for chemotaxis studies.</a> Microsc. Microanal. 18 (04), 816-828 (2012).</li><li>Adler, M., Polinkovsky, M., Gutierrez, E., Groisman, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generation+of+oxygen+gradients+with+arbitrary+shapes+in+a+microfluidic+device.">Generation of oxygen gradients with arbitrary shapes in a microfluidic device.</a> Lab Chip. 10 (3), 388-391 (2010).</li><li>Huang, Y., Agrawal, B., Sun, D., Kuo, J. S., Williams, J. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microfluidics-based+devices:+New+tools+for+studying+cancer+and+cancer+stem+cell+migration.">Microfluidics-based devices: New tools for studying cancer and cancer stem cell migration.</a> Biomicrofluidics. 5 (1), 013412 (2011).</li><li>Taylor, A. M., Rhee, S. W., Jeon, N. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microfluidic+chambers+for+cell+migration+and+neuroscience+research.">Microfluidic chambers for cell migration and neuroscience research.</a> Microfluid Tech: Rev Protoc. , 167-177 (2006).</li><li>Tang, S. K., Whitesides, G. M., Fainman, Y., Lee, L., Psaltis, D., Yang, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Basic microfluidic and soft lithographic techniques. Optofluidics: Fundamentals, Devices and Applications. , (2010).</li><li>Taylor, A. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microfluidic+multicompartment+device+for+neuroscience+research).">Microfluidic multicompartment device for neuroscience research).</a> Langmuir. 19 (5), 1551-1556 (2003).</li><li>Aidelberg, G., Goldshmidt, Y., Nachman, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Microfluidic+Device+for+Studying+Multiple+Distinct+Strains.">A Microfluidic Device for Studying Multiple Distinct Strains.</a> JoVE. (69), (2012).</li></ol>

Vår mikrokanalkammer kan benyttes for en rekke formål, inkludert bestemmelse av cellemigrering hastigheten som respons på vekstfaktorer og kjemoattraktanter og måling av diffusjonshastigheten av et medikament fra en polymermatrise. Det er mulig å anvende vår microchannel kammeret for å dyrke celler og plassere en kjemoattraktant i den ene ende av kammeret. Cellene vokser i respons til den kjemotiltrekkende, og cellevandring kan kvantifiseres ved å ta time-lapse bilder som kan analyseres for å bestemme den celle...

In order for vital processes such as wound healing, immune responses, and embryonic development to occur, cell migration must take place. Cell migration involves the interaction between cells and neighboring cells, the extracellular matrix, and soluble chemical cues (attractants or repellants). As an example, in the process of wound healing, fibroblasts play an integral role in fibrogenesis and wound contraction, where the cells are recruited to the site of injury to synthesize collagen in order to form the extracellular matrix3. Numerous mechanisms behind the migration of fibroblasts to a wound site have been studied, and they include different mechanical, physical, electrical, and chemotactic factors4. Fibroblasts respond especially well to different concentration gradients of growth factors. These different growth factors work together to optimize tissue regeneration5. While observing the chemotactic response of fibroblasts to growth factor concentrations, one can study the pattern of directional migration of fibroblasts and how they orient themselves around physical obstacles in order to reach their destination. Therefore, the goals of this study were to first develop a system in which fibroblast growth could be tracked under guidance by physical barriers and to secondly model the growth of fibroblasts as they navigate through the system.
Currently, the Boyden chamber assay is the most widely used system to measure the migration of cells6. The Boyden chamber consists of a two-chamber multi-well plate where each well may contain medium with or without chemoattractants7. A filter membrane provides a porous interface between the two chambers in each well; this creates a barrier so that cells cannot pass through unless it is by active migration. Typically, for the Boyden chamber, a chemoattractant is added to the lower chamber, and the system is allowed to equilibrate to form a gradient between the upper and lower wells4. One problem with the Boyden chamber assay is that steep gradients end up forming along a single axis perpendicular with the surface of the membrane. This causes the difference in the chemoattractant concentration between the upper and lower wells to be a lower than what was originally expected. Due to this constraint, the Boyden chamber assay makes it hard to correlate specific cell responses with particular gradient characteristics, such as the slope and the concentration difference. Without these measurements, it is hard to study multi-gradient signal integration.
To address some of the constraints of the traditional Boyden chamber assay, microfluidic assays have been developed to form customizable concentration gradients1. Standard methods for creating microfluidic systems require clean rooms for lithographic techniques. These techniques can be difficult to learn especially in a standard classroom setting. Thus, we have designed a chamber system for measuring cell migration that can be made without using a clean room. Using our system, the wells of the assay can be adjusted to a preferred size, and a linear concentration gradient of customized slope can be produced. This allows for accurate measurement of chemotaxis from random movement. The design is an inexpensive and easy-to-use system to model cell growth in response to different chemical stimuli.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Sylgard 184 Silicone Elastomer Kit</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>761036</td>
			<td>poly(dimethylsiloxane) 2-part kit including silicone elastomer base and silicone elastomer curing agent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acrylic Sheets</td>
			<td>US Plastic</td>
			<td>44200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Disposable Petri Dishes&#160;</td>
			<td>Falcon&#160;</td>
			<td>25373-041</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fluorescein isothiocyanate&#8211;dextran</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>FD20s-100MG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Agarose, Type I, Low EEO</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A6013-100G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dulbecco&#39;s Modified Eagle&#39;s Medium</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>11965092</td>
			<td>Cell media components</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Bovine Serium</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>16000036</td>
			<td>Cell media components</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin-streptomycin</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>15140148</td>
			<td>Cell media components</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS)</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP24384</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EVOS XL Cell Imaging System</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>AME3300</td>
			<td>Instrument used for taking time-lapse images</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Versa LASER</td>
			<td>Universal Laser Systems, Inc.&#160;</td>
			<td>Model number VLS2.30</td>
			<td>Laser cutter used for cutting plastic</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a customizable chamber for measuring cell migration

Cell migrasjon er en viktig del av immunresponser, vekst og sårheling. Cellemigrering er en kompleks prosess som involverer interaksjoner mellom celler, ekstracellulær matriks, og oppløselige og ikke-oppløselige kjemiske faktorer (f.eks chemoattractants). Standardmetoder for måling av migrasjon av celler, slik som den Boyden kammer analysen, arbeid ved å telle cellene på hver side av en skillelinje. Disse teknikkene er enkle å bruke; Men de tilbyr litt geometrisk modifikasjon for ulike bruksområder. I kontrast, kan microfluidic enheter brukes til å observere cellemigrasjon med tilpasskonsentrasjons graderinger av løselige faktorer 1, 2. Imidlertid kan fremgangsmåter for fremstilling MicroFluidics baserte analyser være vanskelig å lære. Her beskriver vi en enkel metode for å lage cellekulturkamre for å måle cellemigrering som reaksjon på kjemiske konsentrasjonsgradienter. Våre celle miringskammermetode kan opprette forskjellige lineær konsentrasjonsgradient for å studere cellemigrasjon for en rekke bruksområder. Denne fremgangsmåten er forholdsvis enkel å bruke og er vanligvis utført av studentene. Microchannel kammeret ble laget ved å anbringe en akrylinnsats i form av den endelige microchannel kammeret godt inn i en petriskål. Etter dette ble poly (dimetylsiloksan) (PDMS) helles på toppen av innsatsen. PDMS ble tillatt å stivne og deretter innsatsen ble fjernet. Dette tillot etablering av brønner i en hvilken som helst ønsket form eller størrelse. Cellene kan deretter bli tilsatt til microchannel kammeret, og oppløselige stoffer kan tilsettes til en av brønnene ved å dynke en agarose blokk i det ønskede middel. Agarose blokken blir tilsatt til en av brønnene og time-lapse bilder kan tas av microchannel kammeret for å kvantifisere cellemigrering. Variasjoner i denne metoden kan gjøres for en gitt applikasjon, noe som gjør denne metoden highly tilpasses.

Figur 2 viser bevegelsen av cellen fremre tvers over kanalen i respons til en gradient av føtalt bovint serum plassert ved den motsatte ende av kanalen fra hvor cellene blir sådd ut. Cellen foran er vist på 48 timer (Figur 2A), 72 timer (figur 2B), 96 h (Figur 2C), og 120 h (figur 2D) innlegg plating. Bevegelsen av cellen fremre ble sporet med disse tidsintervall bilder og migrering avstand og vekstha...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Customizable Chamber for Measuring Cell Migration Video at JoVE.com

A Customizable Chamber for Measuring Cell Migration Video (Video) | JoVE

Denne protokollen detaljer en tilpassbar fremgangsmåte for å måle cellemigrering som reaksjon på kjemoattraktanter som også kan brukes til å bestemme diffusjonshastigheten av et medikament ut av en polymermatrise.

En tilpasses Chamber for måling celle migrasjon

Cell migration is a vital part of immune responses, growth, and wound healing. Cell migration is a complex process that involves interactions between ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

A Customizable Chamber for Measuring Cell Migration

Measuring Exocytosis in Neurons Using FM Labeling

Measuring Exocytosis in Neurons Using FM Labeling Video (Video) | JoVE

The ability to measure the kinetics of vesicle release can help provide insight into some of the basics of neurotransmission.  Here we used real-time ...

Brain Slice Stimulation Using a Microfluidic Network and Standard Perfusion Chamber

Brain Slice Stimulation Using a Microfluidic Network and Standard Perfusion Chamber Video (Video) | JoVE

We have demonstrated the fabrication of a two-level microfluidic device that can be easily integrated with existing electrophysiology setups. The ...

Live Imaging of Glial Cell Migration in the Drosophila Eye Imaginal Disc

Live Imaging of Glial Cell Migration in the Drosophila Eye Imaginal Disc Video (Video) | JoVE

Glial cells of both vertebrate and invertebrate organisms must migrate to final target regions in order to ensheath and support associated neurons.  While ...

Measuring the Bending Stiffness of Bacterial Cells Using an Optical Trap

Measuring the Bending Stiffness of Bacterial Cells Using an Optical Trap Video (Video) | JoVE

We developed a protocol to measure the bending rigidity of filamentous rod-shaped bacteria. Forces are applied with an optical trap, a microscopic ...

Measuring Peptide Translocation into Large Unilamellar Vesicles

Measuring Peptide Translocation into Large Unilamellar Vesicles Video (Video) | JoVE

Måling Peptide translokasjon inn Large Unilamellar Blemmer

There is an active interest in peptides that readily cross cell membranes without the assistance of cell membrane receptors1.  Many of these are referred ...

Intravital Microscopy of the Microcirculation in the Mouse Cremaster Muscle for the Analysis of Peripheral Stem Cell Migration

Intravital Microscopy of the Microcirculation in the Mouse Cremaster Muscle for the Analysis of Peripheral Stem Cell Migration Video (Video) | JoVE

Intramikroskopi av mikrosirkulasjonen i mus Cremaster Muscle for analyse av perifer stamcelle Migration

In the era of intravascular cell application protocols in the context of regenerative cell therapy, the underlying mechanisms of stem cell migration to ...

Single-cell Microinjection for Cell Communication Analysis

Single-cell Microinjection for Cell Communication Analysis Video (Video) | JoVE

Encellede Mikroinjeksjon for Cell Communication analyse

Gap junctions are intercellular channels that allow the communication of neighboring cells. This communication depends on the contribution of a ...

In vitro Cell Migration and Invasion Assays

In vitro Cell Migration and Invasion Assays Video (Video) | JoVE

In vitro celle migrasjon og invasjon Analyser

Migration is a key property of live cells and critical for normal development, immune response, and disease processes such as cancer metastasis and ...

Imaging Intermediate Filaments and Microtubules with 2-dimensional Direct Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy

Imaging Intermediate Filaments and Microtubules with 2-dimensional Direct Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy Video (Video) | JoVE

Tenkelig intermediære filamenter og piskehale som henger med 2-dimensjonal direkte Stokastisk optisk rekonstruksjon mikroskopi

The cytoskeleton, composed of actin microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments (IF), plays a key role in the control of cell shape, ...

Optimized Scratch Assay for In Vitro Testing of Cell Migration with an Automated Optical Camera

Optimized Scratch Assay for In Vitro Testing of Cell Migration with an Automated Optical Camera Video (Video) | JoVE

Optimalisert Scratch analysen for In Vitro Testing av celle migrasjon med et automatisert optisk kamera

Cell migration is an important process that influences many aspects of health, such as wound healing and cancer, and it is, therefore, crucial for ...