Name: system for efficacy and cytotoxicity screening of inhibitors targeting intracellular mycobacterium tuberculosis
Uploaded: 2017-04-05T14:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about System for Efficacy and Cytotoxicity Screening of Inhibitors Targeting Intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis at JoVE.com

This work was supported by BC Lung Association and Mitacs.

1. bacteriestam en groeimedium <ol><li> Voeg albumine dextrose en zout voorraadoplossing (ADS) door het oplossen van 25 g runderserumalbumine, 10,0 g dextrose en 4,05 g natriumchloride in 460 ml gedeioniseerd water. Filter-steriliseer de ADS en bewaar bij 4 ° C. </li><li> Voeg 7H9 bouillon door toevoeging van 4,7 g 7H9 poeder en 2 ml glycerol en 900 ml gezuiverd water. Autoclaaf de 7H9 bouillon bij 121 ° C gedurende 10 minuten en laat het afkoelen tot kamertemperatuur alvorens. Maak 7H9ADST door toevoeging van 100 m...

<ol>
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THP-1 (ATCC TIB-202) Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.atcc.org/products/all/TIB-202.aspx">https://www.atcc.org/products/all/TIB-202.aspx</a> (2016)</li><li>Hansen, M. B., Nielsen, S. E., Berg, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Re-examination+and+further+development+of+a+precise+and+rapid+dye+method+for+measuring+cell+growth/cell+kill.">Re-examination and further development of a precise and rapid dye method for measuring cell growth/cell kill.</a> J Immunol Methods. 119, 203-210 (1989).</li><li>Invitrogen. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> AlamarBlue assay. , (2008).</li><li>. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Handbook+of+anti-tuberculosis+agents.+Introduction.">Handbook of anti-tuberculosis agents. Introduction.</a> Tuberculosis (Edinb). 88 (2), 85-86 (2008).</li><li>Riss, T. 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S., Alber, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protein+tyrosine+phosphatase+PtpA+is+not+required+for+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+growth+in+mice.">Protein tyrosine phosphatase PtpA is not required for Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth in mice.</a> FEMS Microbiol Lett. 287, 181-184 (2008).</li><li>Wong, D., Bach, H., Sun, J., Hmama, Z., Av-Gay, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+protein+tyrosine+phosphatase+(PtpA)+excludes+host+vacuolar-H+-ATPase+to+inhibit+phagosome+acidification.">Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein tyrosine phosphatase (PtpA) excludes host vacuolar-H+-ATPase to inhibit phagosome acidification.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 108, 19371-19376 (2011).</li><li>Bach, H., Papavinasasundaram, K. G., Wong, D., Hmama, Z., Av-Gay, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+virulence+is+mediated+by+PtpA+dephosphorylation+of+human+vacuolar+protein+sorting+33B.">Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence is mediated by PtpA dephosphorylation of human vacuolar protein sorting 33B.</a> Cell Host Microbe. 3, 316-322 (2008).</li><li>Chanput, W., Peters, V., Wichers, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> The Impact of Food Bioactives on Health: in vitro and ex vivo models. , 147-159 (2015).</li><li>Maess, M. B., Wittig, B., Lorkowski, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Highly+efficient+transfection+of+human+THP-1+macrophages+by+nucleofection.">Highly efficient transfection of human THP-1 macrophages by nucleofection.</a> J Vis Exp. , e51960 (2014).</li><li>Ferguson, J. S., Weis, J. J., Martin, J. L., Schlesinger, L. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Complement+protein+C3+binding+to+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+is+initiated+by+the+classical+pathway+in+human+bronchoalveolar+lavage+fluid.">Complement protein C3 binding to Mycobacterium tuberculosis is initiated by the classical pathway in human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.</a> Infect Immun. 72, 2564-2573 (2004).</li><li>Andreu, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimisation+of+bioluminescent+reporters+for+use+with+mycobacteria.">Optimisation of bioluminescent reporters for use with mycobacteria.</a> PLoS One. 5, e10777 (2010).</li><li>Queval, C. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+microscopic+phenotypic+assay+for+the+quantification+of+intracellular+mycobacteria+adapted+for+high-throughput/high-content+screening.">A microscopic phenotypic assay for the quantification of intracellular mycobacteria adapted for high-throughput/high-content screening.</a> J Vis Exp. , e51114 (2014).</li><li>Christophe, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High+content+screening+identifies+decaprenyl-phosphoribose+2'+epimerase+as+a+target+for+intracellular+antimycobacterial+inhibitors.">High content screening identifies decaprenyl-phosphoribose 2' epimerase as a target for intracellular antimycobacterial inhibitors.</a> PLoS Pathog. 5, e1000645 (2009).</li><li>Pethe, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Discovery+of+Q203,+a+potent+clinical+candidate+for+the+treatment+of+tuberculosis.">Discovery of Q203, a potent clinical candidate for the treatment of tuberculosis.</a> Nat Med. 19, 1157-1160 (2013).</li></ol>

Het doel van dit onderzoek was om een eenvoudige en kosteneffectieve HTS methode met behulp van een menselijke intracellulaire infectie model voor M. tuberculosis te creëren. Tuberculose is een menselijke ziekte gekenmerkt door de infectie van alveolaire macrofagen van M. tuberculosis. Als gevolg van bioveiligheid kwesties, heeft het onderzoek met biologische modellen van zowel de bacterie en de gastheercellen zijn gebruikt in het verleden. Er is echter aangetoond dat het gebruik van surrogaat bacteri...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, de verwekker van tuberculose (TB), is een belangrijke oorzaak van morbiditeit en mortaliteit wereldwijd. Geneesmiddel- gevoelige TB is een behandelbare ziekte die meerdere antibiotica gedurende 6 maanden vereist. Ondanks dat het een behandelbare ziekte, werd TB sterfte geschat op 1,5 miljoen in 2015 1. In de afgelopen 10 jaar zijn er zijn toenemende bezorgdheid over de prevalentie van resistente M. tuberculosis. Multiresistente tuberculose (MDR-TB) wordt gedefinieerd als tuberculose die resistent is tegen ten minste isoniazide (INH) en rifampicine (RMP), en de meeste MDR-TB-stammen zijn ook bestand tegen tweedelijns tbc selecteren, dus beperkt behandelingsmogelijkheden . De effecten van geneesmiddelresistentie maken een grotere uitdaging voor de behandeling van patiënten die geïnfecteerd zijn met humaan immunodeficiëntievirus (HIV); 400.000 patiënten wereldwijd overleden aan HIV-geassocieerde TB in 2015 1. Teleurstellend, de Amerikaanse Food and Drug Administrantsoen heeft goedgekeurd slechts één nieuwe TB-geneesmiddelen tegen MDR-TB, Bedaquiline, in de afgelopen 40 jaar 2. Vooruitgang in het vinden van betere en kortere TB therapieën zijn dringend nodig om voorop te blijven in de strijd tegen tbc en MDR-TB. Traditioneel worden TB drug screens uitgevoerd onder in vitro kweekomstandigheden in groeimedium, waarbij verbindingen worden toegevoegd aan een groeiende kweek en hun doeltreffendheid bij het uitroeien van de micro-organismen wordt bepaald door het tellen van kolonievormende eenheden (CFU) op vast medium. Zoals CFU tellingen zijn arbeidsintensief, tijdrovend en kostbaar zijn verschillende indirecte methoden ontwikkeld om dit probleem te verlichten. Dergelijke werkwijzen omvatten de Alamar Blue assay levensvatbaarheid 3, de bepaling van fluorescentie 4 van groen fluorescent eiwit (GFP) of luminescentie 5 van luciferase-expressie bacteriën, en de schatting van de totale adenosine trifosfaat (ATP) 6, 7. Typische TB wordt gekenmerkt door een M. tuberculosis-infectie van de longen, waar de bacteriën bevinden en repliceren in de phagosomes van alveolaire macrofagen 8. De eenvoudige bouillon fenotypische scherm kan extracellulaire pathogenen te passen; Echter, in het historisch perspectief, sloeg verbindingen tegen M. tuberculosis geïdentificeerd met behulp van deze methode vaak niet om te voldoen aan de verwachtingen tijdens downstream validatie stappen in modellen van infectie. Wij stellen voor dat TB drug wordt het best uitgevoerd in een intracellulaire gastheercel infectie model. Toch intracellulaire modellen beschikken over een groot aantal technologische en biologische barrières voor high-throughput screening (HTS) ontwikkeling. Een grote hindernis is de complexiteit van het infectieproces, geïllustreerd door tal van stappen en de uitgebreide verwijdering van extracellulaire bacteriën door middel van in-tussen wassen. Een tweede belangrijke horde is de lange tijd aan het opnieuwquirements, de groei detectie Gewoonlijk wordt hierbij CFU rekenen op kweekplaten, is een proces dat meer dan 3 weken in beslag neemt. Een oplossing voor CFU tellingen vervangen is door geautomatiseerde fluorescentie microscopie in combinatie met fluorescerende bacteriën. Echter, deze oplossing vereist een initiële investering in apparatuur die buiten het bereik van vele onderzoekslaboratoria. Een eenvoudige, goedkope en ziekte-relevante HTS methode zou sterk verbeteren het geneesmiddel ontdekkingsproces. In deze studie rapporteren we een nieuwe, modulaire HTS systeem dat is gericht op een snelle en zeer schaalbaar, zuinige, assay voor de bepaling van de activiteit van verbindingen tegen intracellulaire M. tuberculosis. Dit systeem bestaat uit drie modules: (i) intracellulair, (ii) cytotoxiciteit en (iii) in bouillon assays. De gecombineerde eindresultaat geeft een uitgebreide beschrijving van de verbinding eigenschappen, aanvullende informatie over de mogelijke werkingsmechanismen. dit screening systeem is gebruikt in verscheidene projecten verschillende samengestelde bibliotheken die werkingsmechanisme targeten, waaronder de analyse van geneesmiddel synergie 9, de stimulering van autofagie 10, en de remming van M. tuberculosis -secreted virulentiefactor (ongepubliceerd). Verbindingen van onbekende werkingsmechanisme hebben ook onderzocht 11. Een aangepaste versie van deze methode werd ook door onze industriële partner aangenomen als de primaire screening methode om nieuwe verbindingen te identificeren tegen intracellulaire M. tuberculosis 11.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>RPMI 1640</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>R5886</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-glutamine</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>G7513</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal bovine serum (FBS)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>12483020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Middlebrook 7H9</td>
			<td>Becton, Dickinson and Company</td>
			<td>271210</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tween80</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>T164</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Albumin, Bovine pH7</td>
			<td>Affymetrix</td>
			<td>10857</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dextrose</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP350</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Chloride</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP358</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>kanamycin sulfate</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP906</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PMA</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P8139</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MTT</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M2128</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF)</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>D131</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1M Hydrocholoric acid (HCl)</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>351279212</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetic acid</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>351269</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SDS</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP166</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Resazurin</td>
			<td>Alfa Aesar</td>
			<td>B21187</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMSO</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>D5879</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glycerol</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP229</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>THP-1</td>
			<td>American Type Culture Collection</td>
			<td>TIB-202</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>M. tuberculosis H37Rv</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>96-well flat bottom white plate</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>3917</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>95-well flat bottom clear plate</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>3595</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Transparent plate sealer</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>AB-0580</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spectrophotometer</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>Biomate 3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microplate spectrophotometer</td>
			<td>Biotek</td>
			<td>Epoch</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>luminometer</td>
			<td>Applied Biosystems</td>
			<td>Tropix TR717</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

system for efficacy and cytotoxicity screening of inhibitors targeting intracellular mycobacterium tuberculosis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. With the increased spread of multi drug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), there is a real urgency to develop new therapeutic strategies against M. tuberculosis infections. Traditionally, compounds are evaluated based on their antibacterial activity under in vitro growth conditions in broth; however, results are often misleading for intracellular pathogens like M. tuberculosis since in-broth phenotypic screening conditions are significantly different from the actual disease conditions within the human body. Screening for inhibitors that work inside macrophages has been traditionally difficult due to the complexity, variability in infection, and slow replication rate of M. tuberculosis. In this study, we report a new approach to rapidly assess the effectiveness of compounds on the viability of M. tuberculosis in a macrophage infection model. Using a combination of a cytotoxicity assay and an in-broth M. tuberculosis viability assay, we were able to create a screening system that generates a comprehensive analysis of compounds of interest. This system is capable of producing quantitative data at a low cost that is within reach of most labs and yet is highly scalable to fit large industrial settings.

High-throughput screening met intracellulaire M. tuberculosis die het luciferasegen Figuur 2A en Tabel 1 bevat de ruwe gegevens verzameld door de luminometer, uitgedrukt in relatieve luminescentie-eenheden (RLU), die het effect van een toenemende concentratie van tuberculose geneesmiddel rifampicine op M. tuberculosis in THP-1 cellen. Figuur 2A is een spreidings...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about System for Efficacy and Cytotoxicity Screening of Inhibitors Targeting Intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis at JoVE.com

System for Efficacy and Cytotoxicity Screening of Inhibitors Targeting Intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis

We hebben een modulair high-throughput screening ontwikkeld voor het ontdekken van nieuwe verbindingen tegen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, intracellulaire targeting en-bouillon kweken bacteriën en cytotoxiciteit tegen de zoogdiergastheercel.

Systeem voor de werkzaamheid en cytotoxiciteit Screening van inhibitoren voor intracellulaire<em&gt; Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. With the increased spread ...

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An Experimental Model to Study Tuberculosis-Malaria Coinfection upon Natural Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Plasmodium berghei

An Experimental Model to Study Tuberculosis-Malaria Coinfection upon Natural Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Plasmodium berghei

Een experimenteel model om te studeren Tuberculose-Malaria Coinfection op Natuurlijke Transmissie van Mycobacterium tuberculosis En Plasmodium berghei</i

Coinfections naturally occur due to the geographic overlap of distinct types of pathogenic organisms. Concurrent infections most likely modulate the ...

High-throughput Screening for Broad-spectrum Chemical Inhibitors of RNA Viruses

High-throughput screening voor Breed-spectrum Chemische Remmers van RNA-virussen

RNA viruses are responsible for major human diseases such as flu, bronchitis, dengue, Hepatitis C or measles. They also represent an emerging threat ...

Demonstrating a Multi-drug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Amplification Microarray

Demonstrating a Multi-drug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Amplification Microarray

Aantonen van een multiresistente<em&gt; Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em&gt; Versterking Microarray

Simplifying microarray workflow is a necessary first step for creating MDR-TB microarray-based diagnostics that can be routinely used in lower-resource ...

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

Snelle screening van HIV reverse transcriptase en integrase-remmers

Although a number of anti HIV drugs have been approved, there are still problems with toxicity and drug resistance. This demonstrates a need to identify ...

A 3D Human Lung Tissue Model for Functional Studies on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

A 3D Human Lung Tissue Model for Functional Studies on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

Een 3D Human longweefsel Model voor functionele studies op<em&gt; Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em&gt; Infectie

Tuberculosis (TB) still holds a major threat to the health of people worldwide, and there is a need for cost-efficient but reliable models to help us ...

A High-throughput Compatible Assay to Evaluate Drug Efficacy against Macrophage Passaged Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A High-throughput Compatible Assay to Evaluate Drug Efficacy against Macrophage Passaged Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Een High-throughput Compatible Assay te evalueren Drug De werkzaamheid tegen macrofaag gepasseerd<em&gt; Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em

The early drug development process for anti-tuberculosis drugs is hindered by the inefficient translation of compounds with in vitro activity to ...

Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates

Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates

Analyse van 18FDG-PET/CT Imaging als een hulpmiddel voor studeren Mycobacterium tuberculosis infectie en behandeling in niet-menselijke primaten

Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains the number one infectious agent in the world today. With the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains, new clinically ...

Imaging Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Mice with Reporter Enzyme Fluorescence

Imaging Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Mice with Reporter Enzyme Fluorescence

Mycobacterium tuberculosis in muizen met verslaggever enzym fluorescentie Imaging

Reporter enzyme fluorescence (REF) utilizes substrates that are specific for enzymes present in target organisms of interest for imaging or detection by ...