Name: system for efficacy and cytotoxicity screening of inhibitors targeting intracellular mycobacterium tuberculosis
Uploaded: 2017-04-05T14:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about System for Efficacy and Cytotoxicity Screening of Inhibitors Targeting Intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis at JoVE.com

This work was supported by BC Lung Association and Mitacs.

1. ceppo batterico e crescita medio <ol><li> Rendere albumina destrosio e soluzione salina magazzino (ADS) solubilizzando 25 g di albumina di siero bovino, 10,0 g di destrosio, e 4,05 g di cloruro di sodio in 460 ml di acqua deionizzata. Filtro-sterilizzare ADS e conservare a 4 ° C. </li><li> Rendere 7H9 brodo aggiungendo 4,7 g di polvere 7H9 e 2 mL di glicerolo a 900 ml di acqua purificata. Autoclavare il brodo 7H9 a 121 ° C per 10 minuti e lasciare raffreddare a temperatura ambiente prima di procedere. Fare 7H9ADS...

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THP-1 (ATCC TIB-202) Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.atcc.org/products/all/TIB-202.aspx">https://www.atcc.org/products/all/TIB-202.aspx</a> (2016)</li><li>Hansen, M. B., Nielsen, S. E., Berg, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Re-examination+and+further+development+of+a+precise+and+rapid+dye+method+for+measuring+cell+growth/cell+kill.">Re-examination and further development of a precise and rapid dye method for measuring cell growth/cell kill.</a> J Immunol Methods. 119, 203-210 (1989).</li><li>Invitrogen. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> AlamarBlue assay. , (2008).</li><li>. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Handbook+of+anti-tuberculosis+agents.+Introduction.">Handbook of anti-tuberculosis agents. Introduction.</a> Tuberculosis (Edinb). 88 (2), 85-86 (2008).</li><li>Riss, T. 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S., Alber, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protein+tyrosine+phosphatase+PtpA+is+not+required+for+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+growth+in+mice.">Protein tyrosine phosphatase PtpA is not required for Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth in mice.</a> FEMS Microbiol Lett. 287, 181-184 (2008).</li><li>Wong, D., Bach, H., Sun, J., Hmama, Z., Av-Gay, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+protein+tyrosine+phosphatase+(PtpA)+excludes+host+vacuolar-H+-ATPase+to+inhibit+phagosome+acidification.">Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein tyrosine phosphatase (PtpA) excludes host vacuolar-H+-ATPase to inhibit phagosome acidification.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 108, 19371-19376 (2011).</li><li>Bach, H., Papavinasasundaram, K. G., Wong, D., Hmama, Z., Av-Gay, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+virulence+is+mediated+by+PtpA+dephosphorylation+of+human+vacuolar+protein+sorting+33B.">Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence is mediated by PtpA dephosphorylation of human vacuolar protein sorting 33B.</a> Cell Host Microbe. 3, 316-322 (2008).</li><li>Chanput, W., Peters, V., Wichers, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> The Impact of Food Bioactives on Health: in vitro and ex vivo models. , 147-159 (2015).</li><li>Maess, M. B., Wittig, B., Lorkowski, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Highly+efficient+transfection+of+human+THP-1+macrophages+by+nucleofection.">Highly efficient transfection of human THP-1 macrophages by nucleofection.</a> J Vis Exp. , e51960 (2014).</li><li>Ferguson, J. S., Weis, J. J., Martin, J. L., Schlesinger, L. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Complement+protein+C3+binding+to+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+is+initiated+by+the+classical+pathway+in+human+bronchoalveolar+lavage+fluid.">Complement protein C3 binding to Mycobacterium tuberculosis is initiated by the classical pathway in human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.</a> Infect Immun. 72, 2564-2573 (2004).</li><li>Andreu, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimisation+of+bioluminescent+reporters+for+use+with+mycobacteria.">Optimisation of bioluminescent reporters for use with mycobacteria.</a> PLoS One. 5, e10777 (2010).</li><li>Queval, C. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+microscopic+phenotypic+assay+for+the+quantification+of+intracellular+mycobacteria+adapted+for+high-throughput/high-content+screening.">A microscopic phenotypic assay for the quantification of intracellular mycobacteria adapted for high-throughput/high-content screening.</a> J Vis Exp. , e51114 (2014).</li><li>Christophe, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High+content+screening+identifies+decaprenyl-phosphoribose+2'+epimerase+as+a+target+for+intracellular+antimycobacterial+inhibitors.">High content screening identifies decaprenyl-phosphoribose 2' epimerase as a target for intracellular antimycobacterial inhibitors.</a> PLoS Pathog. 5, e1000645 (2009).</li><li>Pethe, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Discovery+of+Q203,+a+potent+clinical+candidate+for+the+treatment+of+tuberculosis.">Discovery of Q203, a potent clinical candidate for the treatment of tuberculosis.</a> Nat Med. 19, 1157-1160 (2013).</li></ol>

L&#39;obiettivo di questo studio era quello di creare un metodo semplice e conveniente HTS utilizzando un modello di infezione intracellulare umana per M. tuberculosis. La tubercolosi è una malattia umana caratterizzata da infezione di macrofagi alveolari di M. tuberculosis. A causa di problemi di biosicurezza, ricerca che coinvolgono modelli biologici sia del batterio e le cellule ospiti è stata utilizzata in passato. Tuttavia, è stato dimostrato che l&#39;uso di batteri surrogate e modelli non uma...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, l&#39;agente eziologico della tubercolosi (TB), è una delle principali cause di morbilità e mortalità in tutto il mondo. TB Drug-sensibile è una malattia curabile che richiede più antibiotici per un periodo di 6 mesi. Pur essendo una malattia curabile, la mortalità TB è stato stimato a 1,5 milioni nel 2015 1. Negli ultimi 10 anni, ci sono stati crescenti preoccupazioni sulla prevalenza della farmaco-resistente M. tuberculosis. Multiresistente TB (MDR-TB) è definita come TBC che è resistente ad almeno isoniazide (INH) e rifampicina (RMP), e la maggior parte dei ceppi MDR-TB sono anche resistenti per selezionare farmaci di seconda linea TB, limitando così le opzioni di trattamento . Gli effetti della resistenza ai farmaci creano una sfida maggiore per il trattamento di pazienti co-infettati con il virus dell&#39;immunodeficienza umana (HIV); 400.000 pazienti in tutto il mondo sono morte di tubercolosi associata ad HIV nel 2015 1. Purtroppo, gli Stati Uniti Food and Drug Administrazione ha approvato un solo nuovo farmaco contro la TB MDR-TB, bedaquiline, negli ultimi 40 anni 2. I progressi nella ricerca di una migliore e più brevi terapie TB sono urgentemente necessarie al fine di rimanere in testa nella lotta contro la tubercolosi e la MDR-TB. Tradizionalmente, TB droga schermi vengono eseguite in vitro in condizioni di crescita in terreno di coltura, per cui i composti vengono aggiunti ad una coltura in crescita e la loro efficacia nel sradicare i microrganismi sono determinati dal conteggio delle unità formanti colonie (CFU) su terreno solido. Come conta CFU sono alta intensità di lavoro, che richiede tempo, e costoso, vari metodi indiretti sono stati sviluppati per alleviare questo problema. Tali metodi includono la vitalità dosaggio Alamar Blue 3, la determinazione della fluorescenza 4 dalla proteina verde fluorescente (GFP) o luminescenza 5 dai batteri luciferasi che esprimono, e la stima di adenosina trifosfato totale (ATP) 6, 7. TB tipica è caratterizzata da un&#39;infezione da M. tuberculosis del polmone, in cui i batteri risiedono e replicano all&#39;interno dei fagosomi di macrofagi alveolari 8. Lo schermo semplice in brodo fenotipica può soddisfare patogeni extracellulari; tuttavia, in prospettiva storica, ha colpito composti contro M. tuberculosis individuati con questo metodo spesso non riescono a essere all&#39;altezza delle aspettative durante le fasi di validazione a valle in modelli di infezione. Proponiamo che la tubercolosi farmaco è meglio eseguita in un modello di infezione cellula ospite intracellulare. Tuttavia, i modelli intracellulari possiedono molte barriere tecnologiche e biologiche di screening (HTS) sviluppo ad alta produttività. Un grande ostacolo è la complessità del processo di infezione, esemplificato da numerosi passaggi e la rimozione elaborato di batteri extracellulari da in-tra lavaggio. Un secondo ostacolo principale è il tempo lungo rigenze, il rilevamento crescita, normalmente svolto da CFU contando su piastre di coltura, è un processo che richiede più di 3 settimane per completare. Una soluzione per sostituire una conta è stata fornita mediante microscopia a fluorescenza automatizzata in combinazione con i batteri fluorescenti. Tuttavia, questa soluzione richiede un investimento iniziale che apparecchiatura è fuori portata per molti laboratori di ricerca. Un semplice, a basso costo, e il metodo HTS malattie rilevanti sarebbero migliorare notevolmente il processo di scoperta di nuovi farmaci. In questo studio, riportiamo un nuovo sistema modulare HTS che mira a fornire un rapido e altamente scalabile, ma economica, saggio atto a determinare l&#39;attività dei composti contro M. tuberculosis intracellulare. Questo sistema è composto da tre moduli: (i) intracellulari, (ii) citotossicità, e (iii) Prove in brodo. Il risultato finale combinato fornisce una descrizione completa delle proprietà dei componenti, con ulteriori informazioni riguardanti la modalità potenziale di azione. Questo scSistema reening è stato utilizzato in diversi progetti con varie librerie di composti modalità di azione che colpiscono, compresa l&#39;analisi di sinergia farmaco 9, la stimolazione dell&#39;autofagia 10, e l&#39;inibizione di M. tuberculosis -secreted fattore di virulenza (non pubblicata). I composti di modalità sconosciuta di azione sono stati studiati 11. Una versione modificata di questo metodo è stato adottato anche dal nostro partner industriale come il metodo di screening primario di identificare nuovi composti contro intracellulare M. tuberculosis 11.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>RPMI 1640</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>R5886</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-glutamine</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>G7513</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal bovine serum (FBS)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>12483020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Middlebrook 7H9</td>
			<td>Becton, Dickinson and Company</td>
			<td>271210</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tween80</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>T164</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Albumin, Bovine pH7</td>
			<td>Affymetrix</td>
			<td>10857</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dextrose</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP350</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Chloride</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP358</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>kanamycin sulfate</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP906</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PMA</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P8139</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MTT</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M2128</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF)</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>D131</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1M Hydrocholoric acid (HCl)</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>351279212</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetic acid</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>351269</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SDS</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP166</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Resazurin</td>
			<td>Alfa Aesar</td>
			<td>B21187</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMSO</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>D5879</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glycerol</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP229</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>THP-1</td>
			<td>American Type Culture Collection</td>
			<td>TIB-202</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>M. tuberculosis H37Rv</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>96-well flat bottom white plate</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>3917</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>95-well flat bottom clear plate</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>3595</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Transparent plate sealer</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>AB-0580</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spectrophotometer</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>Biomate 3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microplate spectrophotometer</td>
			<td>Biotek</td>
			<td>Epoch</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>luminometer</td>
			<td>Applied Biosystems</td>
			<td>Tropix TR717</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

system for efficacy and cytotoxicity screening of inhibitors targeting intracellular mycobacterium tuberculosis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. With the increased spread of multi drug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), there is a real urgency to develop new therapeutic strategies against M. tuberculosis infections. Traditionally, compounds are evaluated based on their antibacterial activity under in vitro growth conditions in broth; however, results are often misleading for intracellular pathogens like M. tuberculosis since in-broth phenotypic screening conditions are significantly different from the actual disease conditions within the human body. Screening for inhibitors that work inside macrophages has been traditionally difficult due to the complexity, variability in infection, and slow replication rate of M. tuberculosis. In this study, we report a new approach to rapidly assess the effectiveness of compounds on the viability of M. tuberculosis in a macrophage infection model. Using a combination of a cytotoxicity assay and an in-broth M. tuberculosis viability assay, we were able to create a screening system that generates a comprehensive analysis of compounds of interest. This system is capable of producing quantitative data at a low cost that is within reach of most labs and yet is highly scalable to fit large industrial settings.

High-Throughput Screening intracellulare con M. tuberculosis che esprime il gene della luciferasi Figura 2A e 1 contengono i dati grezzi raccolti dal luminometro, espressi in unità luminescenti relativa (RLU), che mostra l&#39;effetto di un aumento di concentrazione di TB rifampicina farmaco su M. tuberculosis all&#39;interno cellule THP-1. La figura 2A è un d...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about System for Efficacy and Cytotoxicity Screening of Inhibitors Targeting Intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis at JoVE.com

System for Efficacy and Cytotoxicity Screening of Inhibitors Targeting Intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Abbiamo sviluppato un sistema di screening ad alto rendimento modulare per scoprire nuovi composti contro Mycobacterium tuberculosis, il targeting intracellulare e in brodo coltura di batteri e citotossicità contro la cellula ospite di mammifero.

Sistema per l&#39;efficacia e la citotossicità Proiezione di inibitori di targeting intracellulare<em&gt; Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a major cause of mortality in human beings on a global scale. The emergence of both multi- (MDR) and extensively-(XDR) ...

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiologic agent of human tuberculosis, has an extraordinary ability to survive against environmental stresses including ...

An Experimental Model to Study Tuberculosis-Malaria Coinfection upon Natural Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Plasmodium berghei

An Experimental Model to Study Tuberculosis-Malaria Coinfection upon Natural Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Plasmodium berghei

Un modello sperimentale per studiare la tubercolosi, la malaria coinfezione sulla trasmissione naturale di Mycobacterium tuberculosis E Plasmodium berghei</i

Coinfections naturally occur due to the geographic overlap of distinct types of pathogenic organisms. Concurrent infections most likely modulate the ...

High-throughput Screening for Broad-spectrum Chemical Inhibitors of RNA Viruses

High-throughput screening per largo spettro chimico inibitori di RNA virus

RNA viruses are responsible for major human diseases such as flu, bronchitis, dengue, Hepatitis C or measles. They also represent an emerging threat ...

Demonstrating a Multi-drug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Amplification Microarray

Demonstrating a Multi-drug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Amplification Microarray

Dimostrazione di un multi-resistente ai farmaci<em&gt; Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em&gt; Amplificazione Microarray

Simplifying microarray workflow is a necessary first step for creating MDR-TB microarray-based diagnostics that can be routinely used in lower-resource ...

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

Screening rapido di HIV trascrittasi inversa e inibitori dell&#39;integrasi

Although a number of anti HIV drugs have been approved, there are still problems with toxicity and drug resistance. This demonstrates a need to identify ...

A 3D Human Lung Tissue Model for Functional Studies on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

A 3D Human Lung Tissue Model for Functional Studies on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

Un 3D Polmone umano tessuto modello per studi funzionali su<em&gt; Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em&gt; Infezione

Tuberculosis (TB) still holds a major threat to the health of people worldwide, and there is a need for cost-efficient but reliable models to help us ...

A High-throughput Compatible Assay to Evaluate Drug Efficacy against Macrophage Passaged Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A High-throughput Compatible Assay to Evaluate Drug Efficacy against Macrophage Passaged Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Un test compatibile high-throughput per valutare Drug efficacia contro macrofagi diversi passaggi<em&gt; Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em

The early drug development process for anti-tuberculosis drugs is hindered by the inefficient translation of compounds with in vitro activity to ...

Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates

Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates

Analisi di 18FDG PET/CT Imaging come strumento per studiare l'infezione di tubercolosi del micobatterio e trattamento in primati Non umani

Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains the number one infectious agent in the world today. With the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains, new clinically ...

Imaging Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Mice with Reporter Enzyme Fluorescence

Imaging Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Mice with Reporter Enzyme Fluorescence

Tubercolosi del micobatterio in topi con fluorescenza enzima Reporter di imaging

Reporter enzyme fluorescence (REF) utilizes substrates that are specific for enzymes present in target organisms of interest for imaging or detection by ...