Name: system for efficacy and cytotoxicity screening of inhibitors targeting intracellular mycobacterium tuberculosis
Uploaded: 2017-04-05T14:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about System for Efficacy and Cytotoxicity Screening of Inhibitors Targeting Intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis at JoVE.com

This work was supported by BC Lung Association and Mitacs.

1. Estirpe bacteriana e Meio de Crescimento <ol><li> Adicione de dextrose e albumina de solução de estoque de sal (ADS) por solubilização de 25 g de albumina de soro bovino, 10,0 g de dextrose, e 4,05 g de cloreto de sódio em 460 mL de água desionizada. Filtro-esterilizar a ADS e armazenar a 4 ° C. </li><li> Adicione 7H9 pela adição de 4,7 g de 7H9 em pó e 2 ml de glicerol a 900 mL de água purificada. Autoclave o 7H9 a 121 ° C durante 10 min e permita que arrefeça para a temperatura ambiente antes de cont...

<ol>
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THP-1 (ATCC TIB-202) Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.atcc.org/products/all/TIB-202.aspx">https://www.atcc.org/products/all/TIB-202.aspx</a> (2016)</li><li>Hansen, M. B., Nielsen, S. E., Berg, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Re-examination+and+further+development+of+a+precise+and+rapid+dye+method+for+measuring+cell+growth/cell+kill.">Re-examination and further development of a precise and rapid dye method for measuring cell growth/cell kill.</a> J Immunol Methods. 119, 203-210 (1989).</li><li>Invitrogen. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> AlamarBlue assay. , (2008).</li><li>. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Handbook+of+anti-tuberculosis+agents.+Introduction.">Handbook of anti-tuberculosis agents. Introduction.</a> Tuberculosis (Edinb). 88 (2), 85-86 (2008).</li><li>Riss, T. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Cell Viability Assays. , (2004).</li><li>Meyer, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+efficacy+of+apramycin+in+murine+infection+models.">In vivo efficacy of apramycin in murine infection models.</a> Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 58, 6938-6941 (2014).</li><li>Ballell, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fueling+open-source+drug+discovery:+177+small-molecule+leads+against+tuberculosis.">Fueling open-source drug discovery: 177 small-molecule leads against tuberculosis.</a> ChemMedChem. 8, 313-321 (2013).</li><li>Grundner, C., Cox, J. S., Alber, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protein+tyrosine+phosphatase+PtpA+is+not+required+for+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+growth+in+mice.">Protein tyrosine phosphatase PtpA is not required for Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth in mice.</a> FEMS Microbiol Lett. 287, 181-184 (2008).</li><li>Wong, D., Bach, H., Sun, J., Hmama, Z., Av-Gay, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+protein+tyrosine+phosphatase+(PtpA)+excludes+host+vacuolar-H+-ATPase+to+inhibit+phagosome+acidification.">Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein tyrosine phosphatase (PtpA) excludes host vacuolar-H+-ATPase to inhibit phagosome acidification.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 108, 19371-19376 (2011).</li><li>Bach, H., Papavinasasundaram, K. G., Wong, D., Hmama, Z., Av-Gay, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+virulence+is+mediated+by+PtpA+dephosphorylation+of+human+vacuolar+protein+sorting+33B.">Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence is mediated by PtpA dephosphorylation of human vacuolar protein sorting 33B.</a> Cell Host Microbe. 3, 316-322 (2008).</li><li>Chanput, W., Peters, V., Wichers, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> The Impact of Food Bioactives on Health: in vitro and ex vivo models. , 147-159 (2015).</li><li>Maess, M. B., Wittig, B., Lorkowski, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Highly+efficient+transfection+of+human+THP-1+macrophages+by+nucleofection.">Highly efficient transfection of human THP-1 macrophages by nucleofection.</a> J Vis Exp. , e51960 (2014).</li><li>Ferguson, J. S., Weis, J. J., Martin, J. L., Schlesinger, L. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Complement+protein+C3+binding+to+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+is+initiated+by+the+classical+pathway+in+human+bronchoalveolar+lavage+fluid.">Complement protein C3 binding to Mycobacterium tuberculosis is initiated by the classical pathway in human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.</a> Infect Immun. 72, 2564-2573 (2004).</li><li>Andreu, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimisation+of+bioluminescent+reporters+for+use+with+mycobacteria.">Optimisation of bioluminescent reporters for use with mycobacteria.</a> PLoS One. 5, e10777 (2010).</li><li>Queval, C. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+microscopic+phenotypic+assay+for+the+quantification+of+intracellular+mycobacteria+adapted+for+high-throughput/high-content+screening.">A microscopic phenotypic assay for the quantification of intracellular mycobacteria adapted for high-throughput/high-content screening.</a> J Vis Exp. , e51114 (2014).</li><li>Christophe, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High+content+screening+identifies+decaprenyl-phosphoribose+2'+epimerase+as+a+target+for+intracellular+antimycobacterial+inhibitors.">High content screening identifies decaprenyl-phosphoribose 2' epimerase as a target for intracellular antimycobacterial inhibitors.</a> PLoS Pathog. 5, e1000645 (2009).</li><li>Pethe, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Discovery+of+Q203,+a+potent+clinical+candidate+for+the+treatment+of+tuberculosis.">Discovery of Q203, a potent clinical candidate for the treatment of tuberculosis.</a> Nat Med. 19, 1157-1160 (2013).</li></ol>

O objetivo deste estudo foi o de criar um método HTS simples e de baixo custo utilizando um modelo de infecção intracelular humano para o M. tuberculosis. A tuberculose é uma doença humana caracterizado pela infecção de macrófagos alveolares por M. tuberculosis. Devido a questões de biossegurança, pesquisa envolvendo modelos biológicos, tanto da bactéria e as células hospedeiras tem sido usado no passado. No entanto, foi demonstrado que o uso de bactérias substitutos e modelos não-humano...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, o agente causador da tuberculose (TB), é uma das principais causas de morbilidade e mortalidade em todo o mundo. TB sensível a drogas é uma doença tratável que requer múltiplos antibióticos durante um período de 6 meses. Apesar de ser uma doença tratável da taxa de mortalidade foi estimada em 1,5 milhões em 2015 um. Nos últimos 10 anos, tem vindo a aumentar as preocupações com a prevalência de fármaco-resistentes de M. tuberculosis. Multirresistente tuberculose (TB-MR) é definida como a tuberculose que é resistente a pelo menos isoniazida (INH) e Rifampicina (RMP), e a maioria das estirpes de MDR-TB são também resistentes para seleccionar fármacos para a tuberculose de segunda linha, o que limita as opções de tratamento . Os efeitos da resistência à droga criar um maior desafio para o tratamento de pacientes co-infectados com o Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV); 400.000 doentes em todo o mundo morreu de tuberculose associada ao HIV em 2015 um. Lamentavelmente, os Estados Unidos Food and Drug Administração aprovou apenas uma nova droga TB contra a MDR-TB, bedaquilina, nos últimos 40 anos 2. Avanços em encontrar melhores e mais curtas terapias de tuberculose são urgentemente necessários, a fim de permanecer à frente na luta contra a TB e MDR-TB. Tradicionalmente, as telas de drogas de TB são realizadas sob condições de crescimento in vitro em meio de crescimento, através do qual os compostos são adicionados a uma cultura em crescimento e a sua eficácia na erradicação dos microrganismos são determinadas pela contagem de unidades formadoras de colónias (CFU) em meio sólido. Como contagens de UFC é trabalho intensivo, demorado, e caro, vários métodos indiretos foram desenvolvidos para aliviar este problema. Tais métodos incluem o ensaio de viabilidade Alamar Blue 3, a determinação da fluorescência a partir de 4 proteína verde fluorescente (GFP) ou luminescência 5 a partir de bactérias que expressam luciferase, e a estimativa do trifosfato de adenosina total de (ATP) 6, 7. TB típica é caracterizada por uma infecção de M. tuberculosis do pulmão, onde residem as bactérias e replicar no interior das fagossomas de macrófagos alveolares 8. A tela fenotípica simples no caldo pode atender patógenos extracelulares; no entanto, na perspectiva histórica, bateu compostos contra M. tuberculosis identificados usando este método muitas vezes não conseguem corresponder às expectativas durante as etapas de validação de transformação em modelos de infecção. Propomos que a droga TB é melhor executada em um modelo de infecção da célula hospedeira intracelular. No entanto, os modelos intracelulares possuem muitos obstáculos tecnológicos e biológicos para triagem (HTS) desenvolvimento de alto rendimento. Um grande obstáculo é a complexidade do processo de infecção, exemplificado por numerosos passos e a remoção de bactérias extracelulares elaborada por no meio de lavagem. Um segundo grande obstáculo é o longo tempo de requirements, como a detecção de crescimento, normalmente feito por contagem de CFU nas placas de cultura, é um processo que demora mais de 3 semanas para completar. Uma solução para substituir contagens de UFC foi fornecida por microscopia fluorescente automatizada em combinação com bactérias fluorescentes. No entanto, esta solução requer um investimento inicial equipamento que está fora do alcance de muitos laboratórios de pesquisa. Uma simples, de baixo custo, e método HTS doença relevante aumentaria grandemente o processo de descoberta de drogas. Neste estudo, são descritos um novo sistema de HTS, modular que visa proporcionar uma rápida e altamente flexível, mas económica, ensaio adequado para a determinação da actividade de compostos contra intracelular de M. tuberculosis. Este sistema é composto por três módulos: (i) intracelular, (ii) da citotoxicidade, e (iii) Ensaios in-caldo. O resultado final combinada fornece uma descrição detalhada das propriedades do composto, com a informação adicional quanto ao modo de potencial de acção. este screening sistema tem sido utilizado em vários projectos com várias bibliotecas de compostos, o modo de acção que têm como alvo, incluindo a análise de sinergia droga 9, a estimulação de autofagia 10, e a inibição de M. tuberculosis -secreted factor de virulcia (não publicado). Os compostos de modo desconhecido de ação também foram estudados 11. Uma versão modificada deste método foi também adoptada pelo nosso parceiro industrial como o método de rastreio primário de identificar novos compostos contra intracelular de M. tuberculosis 11.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>RPMI 1640</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>R5886</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-glutamine</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>G7513</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal bovine serum (FBS)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>12483020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Middlebrook 7H9</td>
			<td>Becton, Dickinson and Company</td>
			<td>271210</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tween80</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>T164</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Albumin, Bovine pH7</td>
			<td>Affymetrix</td>
			<td>10857</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dextrose</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP350</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Chloride</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP358</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>kanamycin sulfate</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP906</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PMA</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P8139</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MTT</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M2128</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF)</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>D131</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1M Hydrocholoric acid (HCl)</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>351279212</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetic acid</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>351269</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SDS</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP166</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Resazurin</td>
			<td>Alfa Aesar</td>
			<td>B21187</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMSO</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>D5879</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glycerol</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP229</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>THP-1</td>
			<td>American Type Culture Collection</td>
			<td>TIB-202</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>M. tuberculosis H37Rv</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>96-well flat bottom white plate</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>3917</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>95-well flat bottom clear plate</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>3595</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Transparent plate sealer</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>AB-0580</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spectrophotometer</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>Biomate 3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microplate spectrophotometer</td>
			<td>Biotek</td>
			<td>Epoch</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>luminometer</td>
			<td>Applied Biosystems</td>
			<td>Tropix TR717</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

system for efficacy and cytotoxicity screening of inhibitors targeting intracellular mycobacterium tuberculosis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. With the increased spread of multi drug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), there is a real urgency to develop new therapeutic strategies against M. tuberculosis infections. Traditionally, compounds are evaluated based on their antibacterial activity under in vitro growth conditions in broth; however, results are often misleading for intracellular pathogens like M. tuberculosis since in-broth phenotypic screening conditions are significantly different from the actual disease conditions within the human body. Screening for inhibitors that work inside macrophages has been traditionally difficult due to the complexity, variability in infection, and slow replication rate of M. tuberculosis. In this study, we report a new approach to rapidly assess the effectiveness of compounds on the viability of M. tuberculosis in a macrophage infection model. Using a combination of a cytotoxicity assay and an in-broth M. tuberculosis viability assay, we were able to create a screening system that generates a comprehensive analysis of compounds of interest. This system is capable of producing quantitative data at a low cost that is within reach of most labs and yet is highly scalable to fit large industrial settings.

Rastreio intracelular de alto rendimento usando M. tuberculosis expressando o gene da luciferase A Figura 2A e na Tabela 1 contém os dados brutos recolhidos pelo luminómetro, expressa em unidades luminescentes relativas (RLU), mostrando o efeito de uma concentração crescente da droga rifampicina em M. tuberculosis TB no interior das células THP-1. A Figura 2A</stron...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about System for Efficacy and Cytotoxicity Screening of Inhibitors Targeting Intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis at JoVE.com

System for Efficacy and Cytotoxicity Screening of Inhibitors Targeting Intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Nós desenvolvemos um sistema de rastreio de alto rendimento modular para descobrir novos compostos contra o Mycobacterium tuberculosis, direccionamento intracelular e em caldo de crescimento de bactérias, bem como a citotoxicidade contra a célula hospedeira de mamífero.

Sistema de Eficácia e citotoxicidade Rastreio de inibidores Segmentação intracelular<em&gt; Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em

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An Experimental Model to Study Tuberculosis-Malaria Coinfection upon Natural Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Plasmodium berghei

An Experimental Model to Study Tuberculosis-Malaria Coinfection upon Natural Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Plasmodium berghei

Um modelo experimental para estudar a Tuberculose-Malária Coinfection sobre Transmissão Natural de Mycobacterium tuberculosis E Plasmodium berghei</i

Coinfections naturally occur due to the geographic overlap of distinct types of pathogenic organisms. Concurrent infections most likely modulate the ...

High-throughput Screening for Broad-spectrum Chemical Inhibitors of RNA Viruses

Triagem de alta capacidade para amplo espectro químico Inibidores de Vírus RNA

RNA viruses are responsible for major human diseases such as flu, bronchitis, dengue, Hepatitis C or measles. They also represent an emerging threat ...

Demonstrating a Multi-drug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Amplification Microarray

Demonstrating a Multi-drug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Amplification Microarray

Demonstrando um multi-resistente<em&gt; Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em&gt; Ampliação Microarray

Simplifying microarray workflow is a necessary first step for creating MDR-TB microarray-based diagnostics that can be routinely used in lower-resource ...

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

Triagem rápida de HIV transcriptase reversa e integrase Inibidores

Although a number of anti HIV drugs have been approved, there are still problems with toxicity and drug resistance. This demonstrates a need to identify ...

A 3D Human Lung Tissue Model for Functional Studies on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

A 3D Human Lung Tissue Model for Functional Studies on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

Um modelo de tecido Pulmão humano 3D para estudos funcionais em<em&gt; Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em&gt; Infecção

Tuberculosis (TB) still holds a major threat to the health of people worldwide, and there is a need for cost-efficient but reliable models to help us ...

A High-throughput Compatible Assay to Evaluate Drug Efficacy against Macrophage Passaged Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A High-throughput Compatible Assay to Evaluate Drug Efficacy against Macrophage Passaged Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Um ensaio Compatível de alta capacidade para avaliar droga Eficácia contra macrófagos passadas<em&gt; Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em

The early drug development process for anti-tuberculosis drugs is hindered by the inefficient translation of compounds with in vitro activity to ...

Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates

Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates

Análise de 18FDG PET-CT Imaging como uma ferramenta para estudar infecção por Mycobacterium tuberculosis e tratamento em primatas não-humanos

Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains the number one infectious agent in the world today. With the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains, new clinically ...

Imaging Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Mice with Reporter Enzyme Fluorescence

Imaging Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Mice with Reporter Enzyme Fluorescence

Mycobacterium tuberculosis em camundongos com fluorescência de enzima do repórter de imagem

Reporter enzyme fluorescence (REF) utilizes substrates that are specific for enzymes present in target organisms of interest for imaging or detection by ...